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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Dilbat''}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Dilbat''}}
<sup>mul / d</sup>''Dilbat'' is an ancient Mesopotamian planet name. It is the standard reading of the most common name for the planet Venus, for which a number of other options are listed below. Venus is also commonly identified by the name of the Venus-goddess in the Mesopotamian pantheon: Inanna = Ištar.
<sup>mul / d</sup>''Dilbat'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

== Visibility & Appearance ==
{{Template:Venus}}

==Dictionaries==

=== Krebernik (2023)===
DILΙ.BAT “Venus”. In bilingual and lexical texts, Sum. dili-bad(-rá) is translated by ''na/ebītu'' “the bright one” (fem.). As a star name it is conventionally read Dil(i)bat. If Δελεφατ (delephat) in Hesychius v. 558 is correctly understood as a Greek transcription of this name, it points to a reading Dil(i)pat, which could be derived from Akk. ''dalāpu'' “to be sleepless”. <sup>mul</sup>DILΙ.BAT (AN 20l).


===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
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!Sources!!Identifications
!Sources !!Identifications
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| '''Lexical texts.'''
| '''Lexical texts.'''
* (1) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>[dil]-bat = di-il-bat [Emar VI/4, 151:154].
*(1) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>[dil]-bat = di-il-bat [Emar VI/4, 151:154].
* (2) Antagal series (G 306): <sup>d</sup> <sup>zib</sup>ZIG = <sup>d</sup>dil-bat (in the list of planets) [MSL XVII, 229].
*(2) Antagal series (G 306): <sup>d</sup> <sup>zib</sup>ZIG = <sup>d</sup>dil-bat (in the list of planets) [MSL XVII, 229].
* (3) AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum series (IV 181): <sup>d</sup>Dili.bad = min(= <sup>d</sup>Iš<sub>8</sub>-tar<sub>2</sub> mul.<meš>) "Venus = Goddess of the stars" [Litke 1998, 161].
*(3) AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum series (IV 181): <sup>d</sup>Dili.bad = min(= <sup>d</sup>Iš<sub>8</sub>-tar<sub>2</sub> mul.<meš>) "Venus = Goddess of the stars" [Litke 1998, 161].
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|"Three Stars Each (Astroabes).”
| "Three Stars Each (Astroabes).”


* Astrolabe P.
*Astrolabe P.
** Month of Nisan, Anu stars, 100 [Pinches 1900, 573].
**Month of Nisan, Anu stars, 100 [Pinches 1900, 573].
* Astrolabe B.
*Astrolabe B.
** (1) In the list (12´3): mul gal ša ugu mul.meš gal.meš / ša ina zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu gub-zu / ki.gub kur<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub> ½(sa<sub>9</sub>) mu ina <sup>d</sup>utu.e<sub>3</sub> / ½(sa<sub>9</sub>) mu ina <sup>d</sup>utu.šu<sub>2</sub>.a mul.bi <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat / a-lik pa-ni mul. “The great star which is above the great stars / at the rising of the south wind it stands / (it) changes place: half a year (it) in the east (stands), / half a year in the west. (This is) the star Venus, / (which) is the first to go amidst the stars of Anu" (B ii 1-5); for a parallel, see [Oelsner-Horowitz. [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, Anu 1].
**(1) In the list (12´3): mul gal ša ugu mul.meš gal.meš / ša ina zi im.ulu<sub>3</sub>.lu gub-zu / ki.gub kur<sub>2</sub>.kur<sub>2</sub> ½(sa<sub>9</sub>) mu ina <sup>d</sup>utu.e<sub>3</sub> / ½(sa<sub>9</sub>) mu ina <sup>d</sup>utu.šu<sub>2</sub>.a mul.bi <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat / a-lik pa-ni mul. “The great star which is above the great stars / at the rising of the south wind it stands / (it) changes place: half a year (it) in the east (stands), / half a year in the west. (This is) the star Venus, / (which) is the first to go amidst the stars of Anu" (B ii 1-5); for a parallel, see [Oelsner-Horowitz. [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, Anu 1].
** (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>bara<sub>2</sub> ...<sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat šu-ut <sup>d</sup>A-nim "Nisanu month: ...Venus (on the way of) Anu (rising)" (C ii 1).
**(2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>bara<sub>2</sub> ...<sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat šu-ut <sup>d</sup>A-nim "Nisanu month: ...Venus (on the way of) Anu (rising)" (C ii 1).
** (3) List (rising-setting=6m): rising - nisanu, setting - tashritu (C 13, 26); also about Venus it is said: <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ut-ta-nak-kar "Venus changes (her position)". [KAV 218, C 26; Horowitz 2014, Ch. 5-8]; see also a48AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub>. 
** (3) List (rising-setting=6m): rising - nisanu, setting - tashritu (C 13, 26); also about Venus it is said: <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ut-ta-nak-kar "Venus changes (her position)". [KAV 218, C 26; Horowitz 2014, Ch. 5-8]; see also a48AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub>. 
* BM 82923.
* BM 82923.
** The month of Nisan, the stars of Anu: [<sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat] // 1,40 // RI MUL.MEŠ "[Venus] // 100 // The most brilliant of stars" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 27-28:1; 32, Anm. 2]; here RI = nabāṭu "to shine brightly, sparkle" as in ND 4362:26, which gives the identity: RI = nabāṭu "to shine brightly" [BPO 3, 237, 241].
**The month of Nisan, the stars of Anu: [<sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat] // 1,40 // RI MUL.MEŠ "[Venus] // 100 // The most brilliant of stars" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 27-28:1; 32, Anm. 2]; here RI = nabāṭu "to shine brightly, sparkle" as in ND 4362:26, which gives the identity: RI = nabāṭu "to shine brightly" [BPO 3, 237, 241].
* BM 34713.
*BM 34713.
** The month of Ayar, the stars of Anu: <sup>múl</sup>Dil-bat [LBAT, 1499:2], see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]].
**The month of Ayar, the stars of Anu: <sup>múl</sup>Dil-bat [LBAT, 1499:2], see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]].
** The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. A
**The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. A
** list of the 12 stars of Anu (no. 1): <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212].
**list of the 12 stars of Anu (no. 1): <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212].
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|EAE.
|EAE.


* For a corpus of astrological predictions related to Venus and an analysis of the terms used in them, see. [BPO 3]; see also [ABCD, 62, 179:5, 205:8; Biggs 1987, 10: r. 11-17, 25-29; BPO 1, 8; BPO 2, 11; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 15′, 16′, 18′, 21′, 22′; Largement 1957, 240-243:26a, 26b, 27; 250:81, 82; Leibovici 1957, 23:33; NSAM 2, 247; Pingree 1993; SpTU I, 91:12-14; SpTU II, 41:17; SpTU III, 101:28 r. 9, 13; SpTU V, 264:7', 9'; Stev. O.T: Pl. XVII, 11-13].
*For a corpus of astrological predictions related to Venus and an analysis of the terms used in them, see. [BPO 3]; see also [ABCD, 62, 179:5, 205:8; Biggs 1987, 10: r. 11-17, 25-29; BPO 1, 8; BPO 2, 11; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 15′, 16′, 18′, 21′, 22′; Largement 1957, 240-243:26a, 26b, 27; 250:81, 82; Leibovici 1957, 23:33; NSAM 2, 247; Pingree 1993; SpTU I, 91:12-14; SpTU II, 41:17; SpTU III, 101:28 r. 9, 13; SpTU V, 264:7', 9'; Stev. O.T: Pl. XVII, 11-13].
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|"Catalogue of 30 Stars".
|"Catalogue of 30 Stars".


* Anu 1. <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ša<sub>2</sub> ina ZI IM.KUR.RA GUB-zu KI.GUB KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub> ½ MU ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub>.A ½ MU ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A x [. ]
*Anu 1. <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ša<sub>2</sub> ina ZI IM.KUR.RA GUB-zu KI.GUB KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub> ½ MU ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub>.A ½ MU ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A x [. ]
* "Venus, which stands at the rising of the east wind, changes (her) position, half a year (she) is in the east, half a year in the west [...]" (B. 15) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 177], see also (Kurtik i18) Ištar.
* "Venus, which stands at the rising of the east wind, changes (her) position, half a year (she) is in the east, half a year in the west [...]" (B. 15) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 177], see also (Kurtik i18) Ištar.
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|"Letters" and "Reports." See. [LABS, 378; ARAK, 349-350].
| "Letters" and "Reports." See. [LABS, 378; ARAK, 349-350].
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|'''MUL.APIN.'''
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
* (1) The stars of Anu (no. 20): <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat KI.GUB-su KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>-ir-ma AN-e ib-bir "Venus changes her position constantly and crosses the sky" (I ii 13).
*(1) The stars of Anu (no. 20): <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat KI.GUB-su KUR<sub>2</sub>.KUR<sub>2</sub>-ir-ma AN-e ib-bir "Venus changes her position constantly and crosses the sky" (I ii 13).
* (2) Planets "in the path of the Moon": KASKAL <sup>d</sup>Sin DU-ku <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat DU-ak "Venus takes (the same) path as the Moon takes" (II i 3).
*(2) Planets "in the path of the Moon": KASKAL <sup>d</sup>Sin DU-ku <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat DU-ak "Venus takes (the same) path as the Moon takes" (II i 3).
* (3) List and definition of the planets: Venus is second after Jupiter, see u07UDU.IDIM.
*(3) List and definition of the planets: Venus is second after Jupiter, see u07UDU.IDIM.
* (4) Planetary theory:
*(4) Planetary theory:
** a) [<sup>mul</sup>Di]li-bat <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> TUM<sub>3</sub>-ma ITI ina AN-e uḫ-ḫa-ra / [KIMIN] 1 ITI UD 15 KAM u<sub>4</sub>-mi KIMIN 2 ITI uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma / <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A IGI. LA<sub>2</sub> "Venus disappears in the east and remains (invisible) in the sky for a month / or for a month and 15 days, or it remains invisible for 2 months and / becomes visible in the west" (II i 44-46),
**a) [<sup>mul</sup>Di]li-bat <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> TUM<sub>3</sub>-ma ITI ina AN-e uḫ-ḫa-ra / [KIMIN] 1 ITI UD 15 KAM u<sub>4</sub>-mi KIMIN 2 ITI uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma / <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A IGI. LA<sub>2</sub> "Venus disappears in the east and remains (invisible) in the sky for a month / or for a month and 15 days, or it remains invisible for 2 months and / becomes visible in the west" (II i 44-46),
** (b) <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A TUM<sub>3</sub>-ma ina u<sub>4</sub>-me TUM<sub>3</sub> ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> KUR-ḫa KIMIN 3 u<sub>4</sub>-mi / KI.3 7 u<sub>4</sub>-mi KI.4 14 u<sub>4</sub>-mi uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma KUR-ḫa "Venus disappears in the west and becomes (again) visible in the east on the day on which she disappears; or, (she disappears) for 3 days, / thirdly, for 7 days, fourthly, for 14 days, she remains (invisible) and then ascends" (II i 47-48),
**(b) <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A TUM<sub>3</sub>-ma ina u<sub>4</sub>-me TUM<sub>3</sub> ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> KUR-ḫa KIMIN 3 u<sub>4</sub>-mi / KI.3 7 u<sub>4</sub>-mi KI.4 14 u<sub>4</sub>-mi uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma KUR-ḫa "Venus disappears in the west and becomes (again) visible in the east on the day on which she disappears; or, (she disappears) for 3 days, / thirdly, for 7 days, fourthly, for 14 days, she remains (invisible) and then ascends" (II i 47-48),
** c) <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat lu ina <sup>d</sup>UTU. E<sub>3</sub> lu ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A IGI.LA<sub>2</sub>-ma / 9 ITI<sup>meš</sup> ina AN-e GUB-ma i-tab-bal "Venus becomes visible either in the east or in the west, / stands in the sky for 9 months and disappears" (II i 61) [MA, 33, 70, 80, 81-82, 85]. Iqqur īpuš. §§ 82-86 contain predictions for <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat for each day of the month [Labat 1965].
**c) <sup>mul</sup>Dili-bat lu ina <sup>d</sup>UTU. E<sub>3</sub> lu ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A IGI.LA<sub>2</sub>-ma / 9 ITI<sup>meš</sup> ina AN-e GUB-ma i-tab-bal "Venus becomes visible either in the east or in the west, / stands in the sky for 9 months and disappears" (II i 61) [MA, 33, 70, 80, 81-82, 85]. Iqqur īpuš. §§ 82-86 contain predictions for <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat for each day of the month [Labat 1965].
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|'''"The Great Star List".'''
|'''"The Great Star List".'''
* (1) [<sup>d</sup>dil].bat = ana si.sa<sub>2</sub> bu-lim "Venus — for the prosperity of cattle."
*(1) [<sup>d</sup>dil].bat = ana si.sa<sub>2</sub> bu-lim "Venus — for the prosperity of cattle."
* (2) <sup>[mu]l</sup>im.šu.rin.na nu.kuš<sub>2</sub>.u<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>dil.bat "Widow's Furnace = Venus".
*(2) <sup>[mu]l</sup>im.šu.rin.na nu.kuš<sub>2</sub>.u<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>dil.bat "Widow's Furnace = Venus".
* (3) <sup>mul</sup>dil.bat = <sup>d</sup>iš-tar bēlet kur.kur "Venus — Ištar, the ruler of countries".
*(3) <sup>mul</sup>dil.bat = <sup>d</sup>iš-tar bēlet kur.kur "Venus — Ištar, the ruler of countries".
* (4) The 12 stars of Elam: <sup>[mul]</sup>dil.bat in the first place.
*(4) The 12 stars of Elam: <sup>[mul]</sup>dil.bat in the first place.
* (5) List of planets: <sup>mul</sup>dil.bat in the 4th place (after the Moon, the Sun and Jupiter) [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:28-30, 201, 242].  List of stars VR 46, 1:40. <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat = na-ba-at kak-ka-bu "Venus is the star with the greatest luster", see also [HBA, 52:40; Wee 2016, 162-3:40]; parallel: <sup>d</sup>dil-bat na-bat MUL.MEŠ [Parpola-Watanabe 1988, 46, 428].
*(5) List of planets: <sup>mul</sup>dil.bat in the 4th place (after the Moon, the Sun and Jupiter) [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:28-30, 201, 242].  List of stars VR 46, 1:40. <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat = na-ba-at kak-ka-bu "Venus is the star with the greatest luster", see also [HBA, 52:40; Wee 2016, 162-3:40]; parallel: <sup>d</sup>dil-bat na-bat MUL.MEŠ [Parpola-Watanabe 1988, 46, 428].
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|'''"The Dilbat Tablet.”'''
| '''"The Dilbat Tablet.”'''
Each month of the Babylonian calendar has a constellation identified with Venus. The main text of LBAT, 1564:1-12 (= 81-7-6,102, for Pinches' publication see [PSBA XXXI, Pl. IV]):
Each month of the Babylonian calendar has a constellation identified with Venus. The main text of LBAT, 1564:1-12 (= 81-7-6,102, for Pinches' publication see [PSBA XXXI, Pl. IV]):


* (1) <sup>mul</sup>nin.si<sub>4?</sub>.an. na <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>bar<sub>2</sub> "Ninsianna — Venus in the month of Nisan",
*(1) <sup>mul</sup>nin.si<sub>4?</sub>.an. na <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>bar<sub>2</sub> "Ninsianna — Venus in the month of Nisan",
* (2) <sup>mul</sup>A-ri-tu<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>gu<sub>4</sub> "Shield — Venus in the month of ayar",
*(2) <sup>mul</sup>A-ri-tu<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>gu<sub>4</sub> "Shield — Venus in the month of ayar",
* (3) <sup>mul</sup>ban <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>ne "The bow — Venus in the month of abu" (the order of months in the text ssdoes not correspond to the standard),
*(3) <sup>mul</sup>ban <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>ne "The bow — Venus in the month of abu" (the order of months in the text ssdoes not correspond to the standard),
* (4) <sup>mul</sup>nun<sup>ki</sup> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>kin "Eridu — Venus in the month of ulul",
*(4) <sup>mul</sup>nun<sup>ki</sup> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>kin "Eridu — Venus in the month of ulul",
* (5) <sup>mul</sup>en.te.na.bar.ḫum <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>du<sub>6</sub> "Entenabarhum — Venus in the month of Tashritu",
*(5) <sup>mul</sup>en.te.na.bar.ḫum <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>du<sub>6</sub> "Entenabarhum — Venus in the month of Tashritu",
* (6) <sup>mul</sup>Rap-pu <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>apin "The bridle — Venus in the month of arahsamnu",
* (6) <sup>mul</sup>Rap-pu <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>apin "The bridle — Venus in the month of arahsamnu",
* (7) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.an.na <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>gan "Heavenly sword (=Scorpius) — Venus in the month of kislim" (in [ACh Ištar, 8:2] the month of kislim corresponds to ulgu. la "Giant"),
*(7) <sup>mul</sup>gir<sub>2</sub>.an.na <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>gan "Heavenly sword (=Scorpius) — Venus in the month of kislim" (in [ACh Ištar, 8:2] the month of kislim corresponds to ulgu. la "Giant"),
* (8) <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>ab "Goat — Venus in the month of tebetu" (in ACh Ištar, 8:3, uluz<sub>3</sub> "Goat"),
*(8) <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>ab "Goat — Venus in the month of tebetu" (in ACh Ištar, 8:3, uluz<sub>3</sub> "Goat"),
* (9) <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> "Field — Venus in the month of Shabbat" (in ACh Ištar, 8:4, <sup>ul</sup>AŠ.GAN Bābilī(ka<sub>2</sub>.dingir. meš) "Field of Babylon"),
*(9) <sup>mul</sup>AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> "Field — Venus in the month of Shabbat" (in ACh Ištar, 8:4, <sup>ul</sup>AŠ.GAN Bābilī(ka<sub>2</sub>.dingir. meš) "Field of Babylon"),
* (10) mulku6 mulDil-bat ina itiše "Fish — Venus in the month of addar" (ACh Ištar, 8: 6 - ina <sup>iti</sup>še <sup>ul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat "In the month of Addar Fish Ea, Dilbat"),
*(10) mulku6 mulDil-bat ina itiše "Fish — Venus in the month of addar" (ACh Ištar, 8: 6 - ina <sup>iti</sup>še <sup>ul</sup>ku<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-a <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat "In the month of Addar Fish Ea, Dilbat"),
* (11) [<sup>mul</sup>s]ag <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>sig<sub>4</sub> "Head — Venus in the month of siman" (it seems to be a part of some constellation, but it is not clear),
* (11) [<sup>mul</sup>s]ag <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>sig<sub>4</sub> "Head — Venus in the month of siman" (it seems to be a part of some constellation, but it is not clear),
* (12) [<sup>mul</sup>mu]š. a.sag.ga <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>šu "Mushasagga — Venus in the month du'uzu" (so in [LBAT, 1564:12], but in [PSBA XXXI, Pl. 4:12] - [<sup>mul</sup>mu]š.min.sag.ga "the Two-Headed Serpent". [MSL VIII/2, 93]), see also [HBA, 119; G. 109, I].
*(12) [<sup>mul</sup>mu]š. a.sag.ga <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>iti</sup>šu "Mushasagga — Venus in the month du'uzu" (so in [LBAT, 1564:12], but in [PSBA XXXI, Pl. 4:12] - [<sup>mul</sup>mu]š.min.sag.ga "the Two-Headed Serpent". [MSL VIII/2, 93]), see also [HBA, 119; G. 109, I].
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|'''Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.'''
|'''Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.'''
* (1) The nature of astrological influences.
* (1) The nature of astrological influences.
** a) ˹DIŠ˺ <sup>d</sup>[Dil-bat pa-aš<sub>2</sub>-ḫat at-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U<sub>4</sub> GID<sub>2</sub>.DA] "If [Venus (appears): (this sign is) very peaceful; wherever it goes, (it will be accompanied by) success; (he will) live long]",
**a) ˹DIŠ˺ <sup>d</sup>[Dil-bat pa-aš<sub>2</sub>-ḫat at-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U<sub>4</sub> GID<sub>2</sub>.DA] "If [Venus (appears): (this sign is) very peaceful; wherever it goes, (it will be accompanied by) success; (he will) live long]",
** b) DIŠ KI <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat DUMU.MEŠ u DUMU.SAL.MEŠ UN.MEŠ.BI “If the area of Venus: sons and daughters of those people.” [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 1, 6; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212, 215, 219 Comment. + Parallels; 1988b, 324-325]. Parallels: LU<sub>2</sub>.TUR a-lid-ma <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat E<sub>3</sub>-a pa-aš<sub>2</sub>-ḫat at/d-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U<sub>4</sub>.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA "If a child is born when Venus has come forward: (his life will be) particularly(?) calm; wherever he directs his feet, good fortune will accompany him; (his) days will be long" [TCL 6, 14 obv. 30; Sachs 1952, 66].
**b) DIŠ KI <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat DUMU.MEŠ u DUMU.SAL.MEŠ UN.MEŠ.BI “If the area of Venus: sons and daughters of those people.” [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 1, 6; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212, 215, 219 Comment. + Parallels; 1988b, 324-325]. Parallels: LU<sub>2</sub>.TUR a-lid-ma <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat E<sub>3</sub>-a pa-aš<sub>2</sub>-ḫat at/d-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U<sub>4</sub>.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA "If a child is born when Venus has come forward: (his life will be) particularly(?) calm; wherever he directs his feet, good fortune will accompany him; (his) days will be long" [TCL 6, 14 obv. 30; Sachs 1952, 66].
* (2) Horoscopes. (d)dele-bat, see. [BH, passim].
*(2) Horoscopes. (d)dele-bat, see. [BH, passim].
* (3) "Hypsoma."
*(3) "Hypsoma."
** a) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat KI ni-ṣir-ti KUR-ud SIG<sub>5</sub> GAR <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR-ma: ana 1⅔ KASKAL.GID<sub>2</sub> i-šaq-qam-ma "If Venus reaches the place of niṣirtu: (it) foreshadows good; (it means that) it reaches Leo, var.: does it rise? to 1⅔ bēru" [ACh Suppl., 34:27; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:13; 250, K.3708+: 3; 216, K.3601+: r. 8; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 53].
**a) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat KI ni-ṣir-ti KUR-ud SIG<sub>5</sub> GAR <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA KUR-ma: ana 1⅔ KASKAL.GID<sub>2</sub> i-šaq-qam-ma "If Venus reaches the place of niṣirtu: (it) foreshadows good; (it means that) it reaches Leo, var.: does it rise? to 1⅔ bēru" [ACh Suppl., 34:27; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:13; 250, K.3708+: 3; 216, K.3601+: r. 8; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 53].
** (b) [DIŠ <sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>Dil-bat KI ni-ṣir-ti la KUR-ud-ma u it-bal KUR ut-ta[ḫ-ḫas] "If Venus does not reach the place of niṣirtu and disappears: the country will be struck" [ACh Suppl., 34:28; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:14; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]; for a parallel see. [BPO 3, 250, K.3708:3-4]; for other examples of predictions referring to ašar(KI) niṣirtu of Venus (but without specifying its position relative to the stars), see [ACh Suppl. [ACh Suppl., 34:29-32; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:15-16; 244, K.2346+:21-22; 250, K.3708+:5-8; 256, K.7050 ii 6'].
** (b) [DIŠ <sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>Dil-bat KI ni-ṣir-ti la KUR-ud-ma u it-bal KUR ut-ta[ḫ-ḫas] "If Venus does not reach the place of niṣirtu and disappears: the country will be struck" [ACh Suppl., 34:28; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:14; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]; for a parallel see. [BPO 3, 250, K.3708:3-4]; for other examples of predictions referring to ašar(KI) niṣirtu of Venus (but without specifying its position relative to the stars), see [ACh Suppl. [ACh Suppl., 34:29-32; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:15-16; 244, K.2346+:21-22; 250, K.3708+:5-8; 256, K.7050 ii 6'].
** c) <sup>[m]ul</sup>Dilbat nabât kakkabāni / ina amurri / [ina ḫarrān šū]t <sup>d</sup>Ea / innamirma ... niṣirtu / ikšudamma itbal / <sup>mul</sup>Ṣalbatānu pāris / pursê māt amurri / ina ḫarrān šūt <sup>d</sup>Ea / ib᾽il "Venus, the most brilliant of stars, appeared in the west [on the wa]y towards Ea, ... reached (the place niṣirtu) and (then) vanished. Mars, which passes judgment concerning Amurru, (was) in the way of Ea and had great brilliance" [Borger Esarh., §2 i 39 - ii 9], quoted from [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]. Here, according to calculations, the place of niṣirtu is in Pisces, as it was considered in Greek astrology [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54, 57; ASM, 28, 138], see also e).
**c) <sup>[m]ul</sup>Dilbat nabât kakkabāni / ina amurri / [ina ḫarrān šū]t <sup>d</sup>Ea / innamirma ... niṣirtu / ikšudamma itbal / <sup>mul</sup>Ṣalbatānu pāris / pursê māt amurri / ina ḫarrān šūt <sup>d</sup>Ea / ib᾽il "Venus, the most brilliant of stars, appeared in the west [on the wa]y towards Ea, ... reached (the place niṣirtu) and (then) vanished. Mars, which passes judgment concerning Amurru, (was) in the way of Ea and had great brilliance" [Borger Esarh., §2 i 39 - ii 9], quoted from [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]. Here, according to calculations, the place of niṣirtu is in Pisces, as it was considered in Greek astrology [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54, 57; ASM, 28, 138], see also e).
** (d) In the horoscope: ina E<sub>2</sub> ni-ṣir-tu<sub>4</sub> / ša<sub>2</sub> dele-bat LU<sub>2</sub>.TUR a-lid "In the house of niṣirtu Venus a child is born" [BH 46-50, 77, Text 8, rev. 2-3].
**(d) In the horoscope: ina E<sub>2</sub> ni-ṣir-tu<sub>4</sub> / ša<sub>2</sub> dele-bat LU<sub>2</sub>.TUR a-lid "In the house of niṣirtu Venus a child is born" [BH 46-50, 77, Text 8, rev. 2-3].
** (e) See above MLC 1866 i 8.
** (e) See above MLC 1866 i 8.
* (4) Predicting the prices of cereals on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>d</sup>Dili-pat<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94:23, 28].
*(4) Predicting the prices of cereals on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>d</sup>Dili-pat<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94:23, 28].
* (5) An extispicy involving the correspondence between liver fragments, deities, months and stars: ID<sub>2</sub> BA<sub>3</sub> dx[... <sup>i</sup>]<sup>ti</sup>ŠE MUL!meš <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat " ...: month of addar; stars?, Venus". [SpTU IV, 159:21; Reiner 1959, 78].
* (5) An extispicy involving the correspondence between liver fragments, deities, months and stars: ID<sub>2</sub> BA<sub>3</sub> dx[... <sup>i</sup>]<sup>ti</sup>ŠE MUL!meš <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat " ...: month of addar; stars?, Venus". [SpTU IV, 159:21; Reiner 1959, 78].
* (6) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the moon and the positions of the moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134-136], see s20Sîn.
*(6) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the moon and the positions of the moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: <sup>d</sup>Dil-bat, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134-136], see s20Sîn.
* (7) Predictions of enemy attacks from observations of the positions and visibility of the planets relative to zodiacal constellations [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 22, 27; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 213-214, 216].
*(7) Predictions of enemy attacks from observations of the positions and visibility of the planets relative to zodiacal constellations [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 22, 27; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 213-214, 216].


See also [SpTU II, 42:10; SpTU V, 261:13'-18', 271:7'].
See also [SpTU II, 42:10; SpTU V, 261:13'-18', 271:7'].
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==== Kurtik (b02) BAL.ME.GAR (Reading corrected by Weidner 1966: (AfO 21) 46 Z. 24 = dili.bad = K 4387 = IIR 47) ====
====Kurtik (b02) BAL.ME.GAR (Reading corrected by Weidner 1966: (AfO 21) 46 Z. 24 = dili.bad = K 4387 = IIR 47)====
только в [II R, 47, 24 c d]: <sup>mul</sup>BAL.ME.GAR  I.GAR.IM = i-gar-ri-im i-šid «Стена фундамента» (?) [G. 46].
только в [II R, 47, 24 c d]: <sup>mul</sup>BAL.ME.GAR  I.GAR.IM = i-gar-ri-im i-šid «Стена фундамента» (?) [G. 46].
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==== Kurtik (d06) Dilbat ====
====Kurtik (d06) Dilbat====
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[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Planet]]



Latest revision as of 22:26, 21 February 2025

mul / dDilbat is an ancient Mesopotamian planet name. It is the standard reading of the most common name for the planet Venus, for which a number of other options are listed below. Venus is also commonly identified by the name of the Venus-goddess in the Mesopotamian pantheon: Inanna = Ištar.

Visibility & Appearance

Venus is a planet of our solar system and observable with the naked eye. It is the brightest one of the planets, but never separates more than 60° from the Sun. Thus, Venus is only visible short after sunset or short before sunrise - never in the middle of the night - and in temperate latitudes these hours are twilight while close to the equator, Venus at maximum elongation could be seen in darkness.

Images of Venus (Naked Eye Appearance)

Dictionaries

Krebernik (2023)

DILΙ.BAT “Venus”. In bilingual and lexical texts, Sum. dili-bad(-rá) is translated by na/ebītu “the bright one” (fem.). As a star name it is conventionally read Dil(i)bat. If Δελεφατ (delephat) in Hesychius v. 558 is correctly understood as a Greek transcription of this name, it points to a reading Dil(i)pat, which could be derived from Akk. dalāpu “to be sleepless”. mulDILΙ.BAT (AN 20l).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

var. reading: muldili.bad, mulDilibat, mulDIL.BAD, muldili-bad, (d)dili-pat2, dele-bat; = "the one that sparkles"; from dili.bad = nebû "to shine, to sparkle". Generally accepted name of Venus in astronomical and astrological texts of the II-I millennium BC; first in the hymn of Iddin-Dagan (XX century BC) as mul dalla dili muldili-bad "shining/the only star, Venus". [AHw, 774; Bruschweiler 1987, 112 (note 32), 114; Reisman 1973; ETCSL, Text 2.5.3.1:89, 135]. The Greek lexicographer Hesychius gives the Babylonian name for Venus: Δελέφατ. ὁ τῆς ᾽Αφροδίτος ἀστήρ, ὑπὸ Χαλδαίων. "Delephate: the star of Aphrodite: from the Chaldeans." [TLG 4085-002, Δ 590], derived from Dilbat [G. 109; Tallqvist 1938, 282].

Sources Identifications
 Lexical texts.
  • (1) Urra XXII series: mul[dil]-bat = di-il-bat [Emar VI/4, 151:154].
  • (2) Antagal series (G 306): d zibZIG = ddil-bat (in the list of planets) [MSL XVII, 229].
  • (3) AN:dAnum series (IV 181): dDili.bad = min(= d8-tar2 mul.<meš>) "Venus = Goddess of the stars" [Litke 1998, 161].
"Three Stars Each (Astroabes).”
  • Astrolabe P.
    • Month of Nisan, Anu stars, 100 [Pinches 1900, 573].
  • Astrolabe B.
    • (1) In the list (12´3): mul gal ša ugu mul.meš gal.meš / ša ina zi im.ulu3.lu gub-zu / ki.gub kur2.kur2 ½(sa9) mu ina dutu.e3 / ½(sa9) mu ina dutu.šu2.a mul.bi mulDil-bat / a-lik pa-ni mul. “The great star which is above the great stars / at the rising of the south wind it stands / (it) changes place: half a year (it) in the east (stands), / half a year in the west. (This is) the star Venus, / (which) is the first to go amidst the stars of Anu" (B ii 1-5); for a parallel, see [Oelsner-Horowitz. [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, Anu 1].
    • (2) List (3´12): itibara2 ...mulDil-bat šu-ut dA-nim "Nisanu month: ...Venus (on the way of) Anu (rising)" (C ii 1).
    • (3) List (rising-setting=6m): rising - nisanu, setting - tashritu (C 13, 26); also about Venus it is said: mulDil-bat ut-ta-nak-kar "Venus changes (her position)". [KAV 218, C 26; Horowitz 2014, Ch. 5-8]; see also a48AŠ.GAN2
  • BM 82923.
    • The month of Nisan, the stars of Anu: [mulDili-bat] // 1,40 // RI MUL.MEŠ "[Venus] // 100 // The most brilliant of stars" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 27-28:1; 32, Anm. 2]; here RI = nabāṭu "to shine brightly, sparkle" as in ND 4362:26, which gives the identity: RI = nabāṭu "to shine brightly" [BPO 3, 237, 241].
  • BM 34713.
    • The month of Ayar, the stars of Anu: múlDil-bat [LBAT, 1499:2], see (Kurtik m35) MUL.MUL or MUL2.MUL2.
    • The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. A
    • list of the 12 stars of Anu (no. 1): mulDil-bat [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212].
EAE.
  • For a corpus of astrological predictions related to Venus and an analysis of the terms used in them, see. [BPO 3]; see also [ABCD, 62, 179:5, 205:8; Biggs 1987, 10: r. 11-17, 25-29; BPO 1, 8; BPO 2, 11; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 15′, 16′, 18′, 21′, 22′; Largement 1957, 240-243:26a, 26b, 27; 250:81, 82; Leibovici 1957, 23:33; NSAM 2, 247; Pingree 1993; SpTU I, 91:12-14; SpTU II, 41:17; SpTU III, 101:28 r. 9, 13; SpTU V, 264:7', 9'; Stev. O.T: Pl. XVII, 11-13].
"Catalogue of 30 Stars".
  • Anu 1. mulDil-bat ša2 ina ZI IM.KUR.RA GUB-zu KI.GUB KUR2.KUR2 ½ MU ina dUTU.E3.A ½ MU ina dUTU.ŠU2.A x [. ]
  • "Venus, which stands at the rising of the east wind, changes (her) position, half a year (she) is in the east, half a year in the west [...]" (B. 15) [Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 177], see also (Kurtik i18) Ištar.
"Letters" and "Reports." See. [LABS, 378; ARAK, 349-350].
MUL.APIN.
  • (1) The stars of Anu (no. 20): mulDili-bat KI.GUB-su KUR2.KUR2-ir-ma AN-e ib-bir "Venus changes her position constantly and crosses the sky" (I ii 13).
  • (2) Planets "in the path of the Moon": KASKAL dSin DU-ku mulDili-bat DU-ak "Venus takes (the same) path as the Moon takes" (II i 3).
  • (3) List and definition of the planets: Venus is second after Jupiter, see u07UDU.IDIM.
  • (4) Planetary theory:
    • a) [mulDi]li-bat dUTU.E3 TUM3-ma ITI ina AN-e uḫ-ḫa-ra / [KIMIN] 1 ITI UD 15 KAM u4-mi KIMIN 2 ITI uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma / dUTU.ŠU2.A IGI. LA2 "Venus disappears in the east and remains (invisible) in the sky for a month / or for a month and 15 days, or it remains invisible for 2 months and / becomes visible in the west" (II i 44-46),
    • (b) mulDili-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A TUM3-ma ina u4-me TUM3 ina dUTU.E3 KUR-ḫa KIMIN 3 u4-mi / KI.3 7 u4-mi KI.4 14 u4-mi uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma KUR-ḫa "Venus disappears in the west and becomes (again) visible in the east on the day on which she disappears; or, (she disappears) for 3 days, / thirdly, for 7 days, fourthly, for 14 days, she remains (invisible) and then ascends" (II i 47-48),
    • c) mulDili-bat lu ina dUTU. E3 lu ina dUTU.ŠU2.A IGI.LA2-ma / 9 ITImeš ina AN-e GUB-ma i-tab-bal "Venus becomes visible either in the east or in the west, / stands in the sky for 9 months and disappears" (II i 61) [MA, 33, 70, 80, 81-82, 85]. Iqqur īpuš. §§ 82-86 contain predictions for mulDil-bat for each day of the month [Labat 1965].
"The Great Star List".
  • (1) [ddil].bat = ana si.sa2 bu-lim "Venus — for the prosperity of cattle."
  • (2) [mu]lim.šu.rin.na nu.kuš2.u3 = ddil.bat "Widow's Furnace = Venus".
  • (3) muldil.bat = diš-tar bēlet kur.kur "Venus — Ištar, the ruler of countries".
  • (4) The 12 stars of Elam: [mul]dil.bat in the first place.
  • (5) List of planets: muldil.bat in the 4th place (after the Moon, the Sun and Jupiter) [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:28-30, 201, 242].  List of stars VR 46, 1:40. mulDil-bat = na-ba-at kak-ka-bu "Venus is the star with the greatest luster", see also [HBA, 52:40; Wee 2016, 162-3:40]; parallel: ddil-bat na-bat MUL.MEŠ [Parpola-Watanabe 1988, 46, 428].
Uranologies

MLC 1866. mulSIM.MAḪ u GU2.LA2(?) mula-nu-ni-tu4 man-za-za muldil-bat "Swallow and extended neck(?) Anunitu - Venus' place" (D i 9) [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 35, 39].

"The Dilbat Tablet.”

Each month of the Babylonian calendar has a constellation identified with Venus. The main text of LBAT, 1564:1-12 (= 81-7-6,102, for Pinches' publication see [PSBA XXXI, Pl. IV]):

  • (1) mulnin.si4?.an. na mulDil-bat ina itibar2 "Ninsianna — Venus in the month of Nisan",
  • (2) mulA-ri-tu4 mulDil-bat ina itigu4 "Shield — Venus in the month of ayar",
  • (3) mulban mulDil-bat ina itine "The bow — Venus in the month of abu" (the order of months in the text ssdoes not correspond to the standard),
  • (4) mulnunki mulDil-bat ina itikin "Eridu — Venus in the month of ulul",
  • (5) mulen.te.na.bar.ḫum mulDil-bat ina itidu6 "Entenabarhum — Venus in the month of Tashritu",
  • (6) mulRap-pu mulDil-bat ina itiapin "The bridle — Venus in the month of arahsamnu",
  • (7) mulgir2.an.na mulDil-bat ina itigan "Heavenly sword (=Scorpius) — Venus in the month of kislim" (in [ACh Ištar, 8:2] the month of kislim corresponds to ulgu. la "Giant"),
  • (8) muluz3 mulDil-bat ina itiab "Goat — Venus in the month of tebetu" (in ACh Ištar, 8:3, uluz3 "Goat"),
  • (9) mulAŠ.GAN2 mulDil-bat ina itiziz2 "Field — Venus in the month of Shabbat" (in ACh Ištar, 8:4, ulAŠ.GAN Bābilī(ka2.dingir. meš) "Field of Babylon"),
  • (10) mulku6 mulDil-bat ina itiše "Fish — Venus in the month of addar" (ACh Ištar, 8: 6 - ina itiše ulku6 dE2-a dDil-bat "In the month of Addar Fish Ea, Dilbat"),
  • (11) [muls]ag mulDil-bat ina itisig4 "Head — Venus in the month of siman" (it seems to be a part of some constellation, but it is not clear),
  • (12) [mulmu]š. a.sag.ga mulDil-bat ina itišu "Mushasagga — Venus in the month du'uzu" (so in [LBAT, 1564:12], but in [PSBA XXXI, Pl. 4:12] - [mulmu]š.min.sag.ga "the Two-Headed Serpent". [MSL VIII/2, 93]), see also [HBA, 119; G. 109, I].
"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts".

(d)dele-bat is the standard designation for Venus in the diaries [AD I-III]. "Mathematical Astronomy." See. [ACT I-III; LBAT, passim].

Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.
  • (1) The nature of astrological influences.
    • a) ˹DIŠ˺ d[Dil-bat pa-aš2-ḫat at-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U4 GID2.DA] "If [Venus (appears): (this sign is) very peaceful; wherever it goes, (it will be accompanied by) success; (he will) live long]",
    • b) DIŠ KI dDil-bat DUMU.MEŠ u DUMU.SAL.MEŠ UN.MEŠ.BI “If the area of Venus: sons and daughters of those people.” [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 1, 6; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212, 215, 219 Comment. + Parallels; 1988b, 324-325]. Parallels: LU2.TUR a-lid-ma dDil-bat E3-a pa-aš2-ḫat at/d-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U4.GID2.DA "If a child is born when Venus has come forward: (his life will be) particularly(?) calm; wherever he directs his feet, good fortune will accompany him; (his) days will be long" [TCL 6, 14 obv. 30; Sachs 1952, 66].
  • (2) Horoscopes. (d)dele-bat, see. [BH, passim].
  • (3) "Hypsoma."
    • a) DIŠ mulDil-bat KI ni-ṣir-ti KUR-ud SIG5 GAR mulUR.GU.LA KUR-ma: ana 1⅔ KASKAL.GID2 i-šaq-qam-ma "If Venus reaches the place of niṣirtu: (it) foreshadows good; (it means that) it reaches Leo, var.: does it rise? to 1⅔ bēru" [ACh Suppl., 34:27; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:13; 250, K.3708+: 3; 216, K.3601+: r. 8; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 53].
    • (b) [DIŠ mu]lDil-bat KI ni-ṣir-ti la KUR-ud-ma u it-bal KUR ut-ta[ḫ-ḫas] "If Venus does not reach the place of niṣirtu and disappears: the country will be struck" [ACh Suppl., 34:28; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:14; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]; for a parallel see. [BPO 3, 250, K.3708:3-4]; for other examples of predictions referring to ašar(KI) niṣirtu of Venus (but without specifying its position relative to the stars), see [ACh Suppl. [ACh Suppl., 34:29-32; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:15-16; 244, K.2346+:21-22; 250, K.3708+:5-8; 256, K.7050 ii 6'].
    • c) [m]ulDilbat nabât kakkabāni / ina amurri / [ina ḫarrān šū]t dEa / innamirma ... niṣirtu / ikšudamma itbal / mulṢalbatānu pāris / pursê māt amurri / ina ḫarrān šūt dEa / ib᾽il "Venus, the most brilliant of stars, appeared in the west [on the wa]y towards Ea, ... reached (the place niṣirtu) and (then) vanished. Mars, which passes judgment concerning Amurru, (was) in the way of Ea and had great brilliance" [Borger Esarh., §2 i 39 - ii 9], quoted from [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]. Here, according to calculations, the place of niṣirtu is in Pisces, as it was considered in Greek astrology [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54, 57; ASM, 28, 138], see also e).
    • (d) In the horoscope: ina E2 ni-ṣir-tu4 / ša2 dele-bat LU2.TUR a-lid "In the house of niṣirtu Venus a child is born" [BH 46-50, 77, Text 8, rev. 2-3].
    • (e) See above MLC 1866 i 8.
  • (4) Predicting the prices of cereals on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets relative to the zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (dDili-pat2) [SpTU I, 94:23, 28].
  • (5) An extispicy involving the correspondence between liver fragments, deities, months and stars: ID2 BA3 dx[... i]tiŠE MUL!meš dDil-bat " ...: month of addar; stars?, Venus". [SpTU IV, 159:21; Reiner 1959, 78].
  • (6) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the moon and the positions of the moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: dDil-bat, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134-136], see s20Sîn.
  • (7) Predictions of enemy attacks from observations of the positions and visibility of the planets relative to zodiacal constellations [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 22, 27; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 213-214, 216].

See also [SpTU II, 42:10; SpTU V, 261:13'-18', 271:7'].

Example
Example

Additional

         II. Deity.

         In the 3rd millennium B.C. Venus was worshipped as the astral incarnation of the goddess Inanna, in the II-I millennium B.C. — the goddess Ishtar. The name mul / dDilbat was also used in prayers to other goddesses, see for example [LABS, 197:8, 240 r. 3; RAcc. 139:325; Linssen 2004, 321:325]. Venus masculine and feminine. Venus as a deity changed her gender depending on her position relative to the Sun. Two opposite traditions are attested in astrological texts: (1) as the morning star, Venus was considered a female deity, as the evening star, a male deity; DIŠ mulDil-bat ina dUTU. E3 KUR-ma sin-ni-šat / DIŠ SIG5 ina dUTU.ŠU2.A IGI-ma zik-rat BAR-tum "If Venus rises in the east, she is feminine, a favorable (sign); if she is seen in the west, she is male, an unfavorable (sign)". [BPO 3, 218, K. 3601 r. 31-32; 237, ND 4362:27; 253, 81-2-4,239:2; BPO 2, IV 6a, 7a + Parallels]; (2) as the morning star, Venus was considered a male deity, as the evening star, a female one; dDil-bat : sin-ni-šat : TA dUTU.SU2.A "Venus, female, from the west", dDil-bat : zi-ka-rat : TA dUTU.E3 "Venus, male, from the east" [ACh Ištar, 8:8-9; III R, 53, 2 rev. 30-33]. In the list of Anum gods: dbe-el dil-bat "Lord Dilbat" [Cavigneaux 1981, 98:221]; see also [LAS 2, p. 77, note 157; Mesop.Astrol., 125-126; Reiner 1985, 591; 1995, 6; Heimpel 1982, 14-15]. As a male deity Venus was identified with Ningirsu: [EN.TE.NA].BAR.ḪUM dNin-gir2-su dDil-bat KI.MIN-ma "Entenabarchum = Ningirsu, Venus ditto" [BPO 3, 262, K.3384 r. 6]. For more about the masculine and feminine nature of Venus, see also s11SAL.A.ŠE3, n46NITA.A.ŠE3, s12SAL.ARḪUŠ.ŠA3.GA.

Prayers and Rituals. (1) In Neo-Assyrian lists of the 6 astral gods, witnesses to the treaty, mulDil-bat comes second after mulSAG.ME.GAR [Parpola-Watanabe 1988, 6 iv 13-15], for a parallel see [Wiseman 1958, 29:13:61:42]. [Wiseman 1958, 29:13, 61:428]. (2) The hemerologies on the 16th of siman and the 14th of tebet: pad-su ana damar.ud / dgu-la muldil-bat gar-ma ma-ḫir "The sacrifice offerings to Marduk(=Jupiter), Gula, Venus, he brings, and (it) is accepted". [KAR, 178 col. v 44-45, rev, ii 53-54; Labat 1939, 88-87, 134-135]. (3) The ritual of "washing the mouth" (mīs pî) or "reviving" the statue-deity: Venus is mentioned twice as dIštar(15) mul.meš è as dDil-bat [Smith 1925, BM 45749:25, 29; TuL, 104; SAALT I, 71:25, 29]; cf. also s09SAG.ME.GAR, II. (4) Namburbi's series of incantations: an incantation "against the evil (foreshadowed by) the eclipse of Venus." [CT 41, 23:4; Ebeling 1954, 10-11]. (5) New Year's Day celebration in Babylon: múlDil-bat na-bat mul.<meš> "Dilbat — the most brilliant of the stars" [RAcc. 139:325; Linssen 2004, 219:325]. (6) The ritual at the temple of Anu in Uruk, see u07UDU.IDIM. (7) Warning dreams: "If he ditto (in his dream rises in the sky) and Venus [...]." [Oppenheim 1956, 282, 327:41]. See also [Mayer 1976, 429, mulDIL.BAT + Ištar].

          For the names describing Venus as a deity and as a planet, see also a05A2.GU2.ZI.GA, a14a-ḫa-ti, a26dAMA.ME.TIL, e03dE.TA.NAM.AN, g04dGAL.A.RU.RU, g16GILIM.MA, i10IM.ŠU.RIN. NA, i13dINANNA, i18dIštar, k07dKAB.TA, k16KAR2.ŠUL, m30dMUL.AN.DIRI.A, m33MUL.KI.GAL, n26dNIN.AN.NA, n30NIN.GIRIM3, n31NIN. GUL.TI, n42NIN.SI4.AN.NA, n47NU.KUŠ2.U3, s16dSI.MU2.A, sh01ŠA3.TUR3.RA.ŠE3, t02dTI.MU2.A, u02U4.ZAL.LE, z09dZIB2.

          III. Symbol.

          The standard symbol of Ishtar as the planet Venus on the seals and on the kudurru is an eight-rayed star in a circle or without it [Seidl 1968, 100-101; Van Buren 1945, 82-85; Kurtik 1998, 20-21] (ill. 48). In the Seleucid period, the same symbol was also used in connection to Mercury and Saturn [Weidner 1967, VAT 7847, AO 6448].

          IV. Venus as the morning and evening star (lit. "Venus in the east, in the west").

          In the east: (1) [mulMAR].GID2.DA mulDil-bat ina d[UTU.E3].A "Wagon - Venus in the east". [LBAT, 1564:13] (see also [BPO 3, 262-263, K. 3384 rev. 1; G. 109 I; HBA, 118; Reiner 1995, 58]); (2) ina GIŠ.NIM ulDil-bat ulBAN... "In the east, Venus is the Bow." [BPO 3, 248-249, K.2346+:57]; (3) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.E3 dUTU "Venus in the east is Shamash" [ACh Ištar, 8:10; III R, 52, 2 rev. 32], (4) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.E3 dInnin A-ka3-de3ki "Venus in the east is Ishtar of Akkad" [ACh Ištar, 8:12; III R 53, 2 rev. 34], (5) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.E3 dIštar(15) MUL.MEŠ "Venus in the east is the Lord of the stars" [ACh Ištar, 8:14; III R, 53, 2 rev. 36].

          In the West: (1) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A dMAŠ "Venus in the West is Ninurta". [ACh Ištar, 8:11; III R, 53, 2 rev. 33], (2) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A dInnin UNUGki "Venus in the west is Ishtar of Uruk" [ACh Ištar, 8:13; III R, 53, 2 r. 35], (3) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A dbe-let DINGIR.MEŠ "Venus in the west is the Lady of the gods" [ACh Ištar, 8:15; III R, 53, 2 r. 37].

          IV. Astrology.

          Identifications:

          (1) = Erua; see a02A.EDIN, V 1.

          (2) = Goat; mulUZ3 = dDil-bat "Goat = Venus." [ARAK, 175 r. 7], see also u31UZ3,

          (3) = Wagon; [DIŠ e-le-nu m]ulMAR.GID2.DA AN-u2 MI AN.MI GAR UGU-nu dDil-bat dUDU.BAD.[GUD.UD DU-ma] "If the sky above the Wagon is dark: an eclipse will occur; (it means): Mercury stands above Venus" [BPO 3, 218, K.3601 r. 33], see also [BPO 3, 262, K.3384 r. 1].

          (4) = True Shepherd of Anu; [...Sipa]-zi-an-na dDil-bat "True Shepherd of Anu = Venus" [BPO 3, 262, K.3384 r. 2].

          (5) = Green-yellow star; MUL SIG7 = dDil-bat [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].

Predictions:

          See. [BPO 1; BPO 2; BPO 3; G. 109, III] as well as numerous articles in this edition.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022) Gössmann (1950)

Kurtik (b02) BAL.ME.GAR (Reading corrected by Weidner 1966: (AfO 21) 46 Z. 24 = dili.bad = K 4387 = IIR 47)

только в [II R, 47, 24 c d]: mulBAL.ME.GAR  I.GAR.IM = i-gar-ri-im i-šid «Стена фундамента» (?) [G. 46].

Kurtik (d06) Dilbat

вар. чтения: muldili.bad, ulDilibat, mulDIL.BAD, muldili-bad, (d)dili-pat2, dele-bat; = «та, что сверкает»; от dili.bad = nebû «сиять, сверкать». Общепринятое название Венеры в астрономических и астрологических текстах II–I тыс. до н.э.; впервые в гимне Иддин-Дагана (XX в. до н.э.) как mul dalla dili muldili-bad «блестящая/единственная звезда, Венера» [AHw, 774; Bruschweiler 1987, 112 (note 32), 114; Reisman 1973; ETCSL, Text 2.5.3.1:89, 135]. Греческий лексикограф Гесихий приводит вавилонское название Венеры: Δελέφατ. ὁ τῆς ᾽Αφροδίτος ἀστήρ, ὑπὸ Χαλδαίων. «Делефат: звезда Афродиты: от халдеев» [TLG 4085–002, Δ 590], происходящее от Dilbat [G. 109; Tallqvist 1938, 282].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Urra XXII: mul[dil]-bat = di-il-bat [Emar VI/4, 151:154]. (2) Серия Antagal (G 306): d zibZIG = ddil-bat (в списке планет) [MSL XVII, 229]. (3) Серия AN:dAnum (IV 181): dDili.bad = min(= dIš8-tar2 mul.<meš>) «Венера = Богиня звезд» [Litke 1998, 161]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe P. Месяц нисану, звезды Ану, 100 [Pinches 1900, 573]. Astrolabe B. (1) В списке (12´3): mul gal ša ugu mul.meš gal.meš / ša ina zi im.ulu3.lu gub-zu / ki.gub kur2.kur2 ½(sa9) mu ina dutu.e3 / ½(sa9) mu ina dutu.šu2.a mul.bi mulDil-bat / a-lik pa-ni mul.meš šu-ut dA-nim «Великая звезда, которая выше великих звезд / при восходе южного ветра стоит, / место (свое) изменяет: половину года (она) на востоке (стоит), / половину года — на западе. (Это) звезда Венера, / (которая) первой из звезд Ану идет» (B ii 1–5); параллель см. [Oelsner–Horowitz 1997–98, Anu 1]. (2) Список (3´12): itibara2 …mulDil-bat šu-ut dA-nim «Месяц нисану: … Венера (на пути) Ану (восходит)» (C ii 1). (3) Список (восход–заход=6m): восход — нисану, заход — ташриту (С 13, 26); кроме того о Венере сказано: mulDil-bat  ut-ta-nak-kar «Венера изменяет (свое положение)» [KAV 218, C 26; Horowitz 2014, Ch. 5–8]; см. также a48AŠ.GAN2.  BM 82923. Месяц нисану, звезды Ану: [mulDili-bat] // 1,40 // RI MUL.MEŠ «[Венера] // 100 // Самая блестящая из звезд» [Walker–Hunger 1977, 27–28:1; 32, Anm. 2]; здесь RI = nabāṭu «сиять, сверкать», как в ND 4362:26, где дано тождество: RI = nabāṭu «to shine brightly» [BPO 3, 237, 241]. BM 34713. Месяц айяру, звезды Ану: múlDil-bat [LBAT, 1499:2], см. m35MUL.MUL. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ану (№ 1): mulDil-bat [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. EAE. Корпус астрологических предсказаний, связанных с Венерой, анализ используемых в них терминов cм. [BPO 3]; см. также [ABCD, 62, 179:5, 205:8; Biggs 1987, 10: r. 11–17, 25–29; BPO 1, 8; BPO 2, 11; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 15′, 16′, 18′, 21′, 22′; Largement 1957, 240–243:26a, 26b, 27; 250:81, 82; Leibovici 1957, 23:33; NSAM 2, 247; Pingree 1993; SpTU I, 91:12–14; SpTU II, 41:17; SpTU III, 101:28 r. 9, 13; SpTU V, 264:7', 9'; Stev. O.T: Pl. XVII, 11–13]. «Каталог 30 звезд». Anu 1. mulDil-bat ša2 ina ZI IM.KUR.RA GUB-zu KI.GUB KUR2.KUR2 ½ MU ina dUTU.E3.A ½ MU ina dUTU.ŠU2.A x [...] «Венера, которая стоит при восходе восточного ветра, положение (свое) изменяет, половину года (она) на востоке, половину года на западе […]» (B. 15)  [Oelsner–Horowitz 1997–98, 177], см. также i18Ištar. «Письма» и «Рапорты». Cм. [LABS, 378; ARAK, 349–350]. MUL.APIN. (1)  Звезды Ану (№ 20): mulDili-bat KI.GUB-su KUR2.KUR2-ir-ma AN-e ib-bir «Венера свое положение постоянно изменяет и пересекает небо» (I ii 13). (2) Планеты «на пути Луны»: KASKAL dSin DU-ku  mulDili-bat DU-ak «Венера проходит (тот же) путь, что и Луна проходит» (II i 3). (3) Список и определение планет: Венера на втором месте после Юпитера, см. u07UDU.IDIM. (4) Планетная теория: a) [mulDi]li-bat dUTU.E3 TUM3-ma ITI ina AN-e uḫ-ḫa-ra / [KIMIN] 1 ITI UD 15 KAM u4-mi KIMIN 2 ITI uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma / dUTU.ŠU2.A IGI.LA2 «Венера исчезает на востоке и остается (невидимой) на небе в течение месяца / или в течение месяца и 15 дней, или она остается в течение 2 месяцев, и / становится видна на западе» (II i 44–46), b) mulDili-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A TUM3-ma ina u4-me TUM3 ina dUTU.E3 KUR-ḫa KIMIN 3 u4-mi / KI.3 7 u4-mi KI.4 14 u4-mi uḫ-ḫa-ram-ma KUR-ḫa «Венера исчезает на западе и становится (опять) видна на востоке в день, в который она исчезает; или, (она исчезает) на 3 дня, / в-третьих, на 7 дней, в-четвертых, на 14 дней, она остается (невидимой), и затем восходит» (II i 47–48), c) mulDili-bat lu ina dUTU.E3 lu ina dUTU.ŠU2.A  IGI.LA2-ma / 9 ITImeš ina AN-e GUB-ma i-tab-bal «Венера становится видна либо на востоке, либо на западе, / стоит на небе в течение 9 месяцев и исчезает» (II i 61) [MA, 33, 70, 80, 81–82, 85]. Iqqur īpuš. §§ 82–86 содержат предсказания для mulDil-bat на каждый день месяца [Labat 1965]. «Большой список звезд». (1) [ddil].bat = ana si.sa2 bu-lim «Венера ― для процветания скота». (2) [mu]lim.šu.rin.na nu.kuš2.u3 = ddil.bat «Вдовья Печь = Венера». (3) muldil.bat = diš-tar bēlet kur.kur «Венера ― Иштар, владычица стран». (4) 12 звезд Элама: [mul]dil.bat на первом месте. (5) Список планет: muldil.bat на 4-м месте (после Луны, Солнца и Юпитера) [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:28–30, 201, 242]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:40. mulDil-bat = na-ba-at kak-ka-bu «Венера ― звезда с наибольшим блеском», см. также [HBA, 52:40; Wee 2016, 162–3:40]; параллель: ddil-bat na-bat MUL.MEŠ [Parpola–Watanabe 1988, 46, 428]. MLC 1866. mulSIM.MAḪ u GU2.LA2(?) mula-nu-ni-tu4 man-za-za muldil-bat «Ласточка и вытянутая шея(?) Ануниту — место Венеры» (D i 9) [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 35, 39]. «Таблица Дилбат». На каждый месяц вавилонского календаря указано созвездие, отождествляемое с Венерой. Основной текст LBAT, 1564:1–12 (= 81-7-6,102, публикация Пинчеса см. [PSBA XXXI, Pl. IV]): (1) mulnin.si4?.an.na mulDil-bat ina itibar2 «Нинсианна ― Венера в месяце нисану», (2) mulA-ri-tu4 mulDil-bat ina itigu4 «Щит ― Венера в месяце айяру», (3) mulban mulDil-bat ina itine «Лук ― Венера в месяце абу» (порядок месяцев в тексте не соответствует стандартному), (4) mulnunki mulDil-bat ina itikin «Эриду ― Венера в месяце улулу», (5) mulen.te.na.bar.ḫum mulDil-bat ina itidu6 «Энтенабархум ― Венера в месяце ташриту», (6) mulRap-pu mulDil-bat ina itiapin «Уздечка ― Венера в месяце арахсамну», (7) mulgir2.an.na mulDil-bat ina itigan «Небесный меч (=Скорпион) ― Венера в месяце кислиму» (в [ACh Ištar, 8:2] месяцу кислиму соответствует ulgu.la «Великан»), (8) muluz3 mulDil-bat ina itiab «Коза ― Венера в месяце тебету» (в ACh Ištar, 8:3 ― uluz3 «Коза»), (9) mulAŠ.GAN2 mulDil-bat ina itiziz2 «Поле ― Венера в месяце шабату» (в ACh Ištar, 8:4 ― ulAŠ.GAN Bābilī(ka2.dingir.meš) «Поле Вавилона»), (10) mulku6 mulDil-bat ina itiše «Рыба ― Венера в месяце аддару» (ACh Ištar, 8:6 ― ina itiše ulku6 dE2-a dDil-bat «В месяце аддару Рыба Эа, Дилбат»), (11) [muls]ag mulDil-bat ina itisig4 «Голова ― Венера в месяце симану» (речь идет, по-видимому, о части какого-то созвездия, но какого именно — неясно), (12) [mulmu]š.a.sag.ga mulDil-bat ina itišu «Мушaсагга ― Венера в месяце дуузу» (так в [LBAT, 1564:12], но в [PSBA XXXI, Pl. 4:12] ― [mulmu]š.min.sag.ga «Двухголовый Змей» [MSL VIII/2, 93]), см. также [HBA, 119; G. 109, I]. «Дневники наблюдений». (d)dele-bat ― стандартное обозначение Венеры в дневниках [AD I–III]. «Математическая астрономия». См. [ACT I–III; LBAT, passim]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) Характер астрологического воздействия. a) ˹DIŠ˺ d[Dil-bat pa-aš2-ḫat at-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U4 GID2.DA] «Если [Венера (появляется): (этот знак) очень мирный; куда бы он ни пошел, (ему будет сопутствовать) успех; (он будет) долго жить]», b) DIŠ KI dDil-bat DUMU.MEŠ u DUMU.SAL.MEŠ UN.MEŠ.BI «Если область Венеры: сыновья и дочери у тех людей» [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 1, 6; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212, 215, 219 Comment. + Parallels; 1988b, 324–325]. Параллель: LU2.TUR a-lid-ma dDil-bat E3-a pa-aš2-ḫat at/d-rat e-ma GIN-ku ŠE.GA U4.GID2.DA «Если ребенок родился, когда Венера вышла вперед: (его жизнь будет) в особенности(?) спокойной; куда бы он не направил свои стопы, ему будет сопутствовать удача; (его) дни будут долгими» [TCL 6, 14 obv. 30; Sachs 1952, 66]. (2) «Гороскопы». (d)dele-bat, см. [BH, passim]. (3) «Гипсома». a) DIŠ mulDil-bat KI ni-ṣir-ti KUR-ud SIG5 GAR mulUR.GU.LA KUR-ma : ana 1⅔ KASKAL.GID2 i-šaq-qam-ma «Если Венера достигает места niṣirtu: (это) предвещает добро; (это означает, что) она достигает Льва, вар.: она поднимается? на 1⅔ bēru» [ACh Suppl., 34:27; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:13; 250, K.3708+: 3; 216, K.3601+: r. 8; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 53]. b) [DIŠ mu]lDil-bat  KI ni-ṣir-ti la KUR-ud-ma u it-bal KUR ut-ta[ḫ-ḫas] «Если Венера не достигает места niṣirtu и исчезает: страна подвергнется удару» [ACh Suppl., 34:28; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:14; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]; параллель см. [BPO 3, 250, K.3708:3–4]; другие примеры предсказаний, в которых речь идет об ašar(KI) niṣirtu Венеры (однако без указания его положения относительно звезд), см. [ACh Suppl., 34:29–32; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54; BPO 3, 232, D.T.47:15–16; 244, K.2346+:21–22; 250, K.3708+:5–8; 256, K.7050 ii 6']. с) [m]ulDilbat nabât kakkabāni / ina amurri / [ina ḫarrān šū]t dEa / innamirma … niṣirtu / ikšudamma itbal / mulṢalbatānu pāris / pursê māt amurri / ina ḫarrān šūt dEa / ib᾽il «Венера, самая блестящая из звезд, появилась на западе [на пут]и Эа, … достигла (места niṣirtu) и (затем) исчезла. Марс, который выносит решение, касающееся Амурру, (находился) на пути Эа и имел большой блеск» [Borger Esarh., §2 i 39 – ii 9], цит. по [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54]. Здесь, согласно расчетам, место niṣirtu находилось в Рыбах (Pisces), как это имело место в греческой астрологии [Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 54, 57; ASM, 28, 138], см. также e). d) В гороскопе: ina E2 ni-ṣir-tu4 / ša2 dele-bat LU2.TUR a-lid «В доме niṣirtu Венеры ребенок родился» [BH 46–50, 77, Text 8, rev. 2–3]. e) см. выше MLC 1866 i 8.  (4) Предсказание цен на злаки на основе наблюдений положений планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий и других явлений (dDili-pat2) [SpTU I, 94:23, 28]. (5) Экстиспиция, включающая соответствие между фрагментами печени, божествами, месяцами и звездами:  ID2 BA3 dx[… i]tiŠE MUL!meš dDil-bat « … : месяц аддару; звезды?, Венера» [SpTU IV, 159:21; Reiner 1959, 78]. (6) Предсказания, основанные на наблюдениях затмений Луны и положений Луны и планет относительно знаков зодиака. BM 36746+: dDil-bat, passim [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134–136], см. s20Sîn. (7) Предсказания нападения врагов из наблюдений положений и видимости планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий [TCL 6, 13 obv. ii 22, 27; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 213–214, 216].

См. также [SpTU II, 42:10; SpTU V, 261:13'–18', 271:7'].

II. Божество.

В III тыс. до н.э. Венера почиталась как астральное воплощение богини Инанны (Inanna), во II–I тыс. до н.э. ― богини Иштар (Ištar). Имя mul / dDilbat использовалось также в молитвенных обращениях к другим богиням, см., например, [LABS, 197:8, 240 r. 3; RAcc. 139:325; Linssen 2004, 321:325]. Венера мужская и женская. Венера как божество изменяла свой пол в зависимости от ее положения относительно Солнца. В астрологических текстах засвидетельствованы две противоположные традиции: (1) как утренняя звезда Венера считалась женским божеством, как вечерняя звезда ― мужским; DIŠ mulDil-bat ina dUTU.E3 KUR-ma sin-ni-šat / DIŠ SIG5 ina dUTU.ŠU2.A IGI-ma zik-rat BAR-tum «Если Венера восходит на востоке, она женская, благоприятный (знак); если она видна на западе, она мужская, неблагоприятный (знак)» [BPO 3, 218, K. 3601 r. 31–32; 237, ND 4362:27; 253, 81–2–4,239:2; BPO 2, IV 6a, 7a + Parallels]; (2) как утренняя звезда Венера считалась мужским божеством, как вечерняя звезда — женским; dDil-bat : sin-ni-šat : TA dUTU.SU2.A «Венера, женская, от запада», dDil-bat : zi-ka-rat : TA dUTU.E3 «Венера, мужская, от востока» [ACh Ištar, 8:8–9; III R, 53, 2 rev. 30–33]. В списке богов Anum: dbe-el dil-bat «Господин Дилбат» [Cavigneaux 1981, 98:221]; см. также [LAS 2, p. 77, note 157; Mesop.Astrol., 125–126; Reiner 1985, 591; 1995, 6; Heimpel 1982, 14–15]. Как мужское божество Венера отождествлялась с Нингирсу: [EN.TE.NA].BAR.ḪUM dNin-gir2-su dDil-bat KI.MIN-ma «Энтенабархум = Нингирсу, Венера ditto» [BPO 3, 262, K.3384 r. 6]. О мужской и женской Венере см. также s11SAL.A.ŠE3, n46NITA.A.ŠE3, s12SAL.ARḪUŠ.ŠA3.GA. Молитвы и ритуалы. (1) В новоассирийском списке 6 астральных богов, свидетелей договора, mulDil-bat стоит на втором месте после mulSAG.ME.GAR [Parpola–Watanabe 1988, 6 iv 13–15], параллель см. [Wiseman 1958, 29:13, 61:428]. (2) Гемерологии на 16-е симану и 14-е тебету: pad-su ana damar.ud / dgu-la muldil-bat gar-ma ma-ḫir «Жертвоприношение свое Мардуку(=Юпитер), Гуле, Венере, он приносит, и (оно) принято» [KAR, 178 col. v 44–45, rev, ii 53–54; Labat 1939, 88–87, 134–135]. (3) Ритуал «омовения рта» (mīs pî) или «оживления» статуи-божества: Венера упоминается дважды как dIštar(15) mul.meš è как dDil-bat  [Smith 1925, BM 45749:25, 29; TuL, 104; SAALT I, 71:25, 29]; см. также s09SAG.ME.GAR, II. (4) Серия заклинаний Намбурби: заклинание «против зла, (предвещаемого) затмением Венеры» [CT 41, 23:4; Ebeling 1954, 10–11]. (5) Новогодний праздник в Вавилоне: múlDil-bat na-bat mul.<meš> «Дилбат — самая блестящая из звезд» [RAcc. 139:325; Linssen 2004, 219:325]. (6) Ритуал в храме Ану в Уруке, см. u07UDU.IDIM. (7) Предупреждающие сны: «Если он ditto (в своем сне восходит на небе) и Венера […]» [Oppenheim 1956, 282, 327:41]. См. также [Mayer 1976, 429, mulDIL.BAT + Ištar].

Названия, характеризующие Венеру как божество и как планету, см. также a05A2.GU2.ZI.GA, a14a-ḫa-ti, a26dAMA.ME.TIL, e03dE.TA.NAM.AN, g04dGAL.A.RU.RU, g16GILIM.MA, i10IM.ŠU.RIN.NA, i13dINANNA, i18dIštar, k07dKAB.TA, k16KAR2.ŠUL, m30dMUL.AN.DIRI.A, m33MUL.KI.GAL, n26dNIN.AN.NA, n30NIN.GIRIM3, n31NIN.GUL.TI, n42NIN.SI4.AN.NA, n47NU.KUŠ2.U3, s16dSI.MU2.A, sh01ŠA3.TUR3.RA.ŠE3, t02dTI.MU2.A, u02U4.ZAL.LE, z09dZIB2.

III. Символ.

Стандартный символ Иштар как планеты Венеры на печатях и на кудурру — восьмилучевая звезды в круге или без него [Seidl 1968, 100–101; Van Buren 1945, 82–85; Куртик 1998, 20–21] (илл. 48). В селевкидский период тот же символ использовался также в связи с Меркурием и Сатурном [Weidner 1967, VAT 7847, AO 6448].

IV. Венера как утренняя и вечерняя звезда (букв. «Венера на востоке, на западе»).

На востоке: (1) [mulMAR].GID2.DA mulDil-bat ina d[UTU.E3].A «Повозка ― Венера на востоке» [LBAT, 1564:13] (см. также [BPO 3, 262–263, K. 3384 rev. 1; G. 109 I; HBA, 118; Reiner 1995, 58]); (2) ina GIŠ.NIM ulDil-bat ulBAN... «На востоке Венера ― Лук» [BPO 3, 248–249, K.2346+:57]; (3) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.E3 dUTU «Венера на востоке ― Шамаш» [ACh Ištar, 8:10; III R, 52, 2 rev. 32], (4) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.E3 dInnin A-ka3-de3ki «Венера на востоке ― Иштар Аккада» [ACh Ištar, 8:12; III R 53, 2 rev. 34], (5) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.E3 dIštar(15) MUL.MEŠ «Венера на востоке ― Владычица звезд» [ACh Ištar, 8:14; III R, 53, 2 rev. 36].

На западе: (1) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A dMAŠ «Венера на западе ― Нинурта» [ACh Ištar, 8:11; III R, 53, 2 rev. 33], (2) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A dInnin UNUGki «Венера на западе ― Иштар Урукская» [ACh Ištar, 8:13; III R, 53, 2 r. 35], (3) ulDil-bat ina dUTU.ŠU2.A dbe-let DINGIR.MEŠ «Венера на западе ― госпожа богов» [ACh Ištar, 8:15; III R, 53, 2 r. 37].

IV. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1)  = Эруа; см. a02A.EDIN, V 1.

(2) = Коза; mulUZ3 = dDil-bat «Коза = Венера» [ARAK, 175 r. 7], см. также u31UZ3,

(3) = Повозка; [DIŠ e-le-nu m]ulMAR.GID2.DA AN-u2 MI AN.MI GAR UGU-nu dDil-bat dUDU.BAD.[GUD.UD DU-ma] «Если выше Повозки небо темное: произойдет затмение; (это означает): выше Венеры Меркурий стоит» [BPO 3, 218, K.3601 r. 33],  см. также [BPO 3, 262, K.3384 r. 1].

(4) = Праведный Пастух Ану; […Sipa]-zi-an-na dDil-bat «Праведный Пастух Ану = Венера» [BPO 3, 262, K.3384 r. 2].

(5) = Зелено-желтая звезда; MUL SIG7 = dDil-bat [BPO 3, 248, K.2346+:54].

Предсказания:

См. [BPO 1; BPO 2; BPO 3; G. 109, III], а также многочисленные статьи настоящего издания.

Example

References