IM.ŠEŠ: Difference between revisions

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IM.ŠEŠ (𒅎𒋀) = ''[[marratu]]'' [[File:IM.SHESH stellarium.png|thumb|IM.SHESH, The Rainbow, rises in the east together with the Swallow (who, in turn, is characterized by its V-shaped tail). Stellarium displays the area from northeast to southeast over Babylon in -1050. Might it refer to the three bright stars α, β, γ Ari? (we don't know)]]
IM.ŠEŠ (𒅎𒋀) = ''[[marratu]]'' [[File:IM.SHESH stellarium.png|thumb|IM.SHESH, The Rainbow, rises in the east together with the Swallow (who, in turn, is characterized by its V-shaped tail). Stellarium displays the area from northeast to southeast over Babylon in -1050. Might it refer to the three bright stars α, β, γ Ari? (we don't know)]]
<sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ, "The Rainbow", is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. Its identification is unclear. As an asterism, it is designated in the list of rising and setting constellations of MUL.APIN. A rainbow asterism/deity by a different name, <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA, is identified with <sup>d</sup>''[[Ḫar-ri-ru|harriru]],'' 'the Vole' in MUL.APIN I i 33. In both cases, the asterism that is referred to is in the area of [[Pisces]]/ [[Andromeda]] as it rises together with SIM.MAḪ, The Swallow. For Rainbow terminology in Sumerian and Akkadian see Horowitz 2016.
<sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ, "The Rainbow", is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. Its identification is unclear. As an asterism, it is designated in the list of rising and setting constellations of MUL.APIN. A rainbow asterism/deity by a different name, <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA, is identified with <sup>d</sup>''[[Ḫar-ri-ru|harriru]],'' 'the Vole' in MUL.APIN I i 33. In both cases, the asterism that is referred to is in the area of [[Pisces]]/ [[Andromeda]] as it rises together with SIM.MAḪ, The Swallow. For Rainbow terminology in Sumerian and Akkadian see Horowitz 2016<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2016): Rekonstruktion der griechischen und mesopotamischen Himmelskartographie(n) im ersten Millennium vor Beginn unserer Zeitrechnung, ''Orbis Terrarum'' 14, S. 33-49</ref>.
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
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* <sup>mul</sup>IM.SIS, <sup>mul</sup>IM.SES;
* <sup>mul</sup>IM.SIS, <sup>mul</sup>IM.SES;
* = ''marratu'' "Rainbow" [AHw, 612; CAD M/1, 286];
* = ''marratu'' "Rainbow" [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 612; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 286];


Constellation identified with (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]]<sup>(?)</sup>.
Constellation identified with (Kurtik s19) [[SIM.MAḪ]]<sup>(?)</sup>.
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* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>AB UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>SIM.MAḪ <sup>mul</sup>''ši-nu-nu-tu''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ / ''ina'' GIŠ.NIM IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> (var.: IGI<sup>me</sup>)
* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>AB UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>SIM.MAḪ <sup>mul</sup>''ši-nu-nu-tu''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ / ''ina'' GIŠ.NIM IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> (var.: IGI<sup>me</sup>)
* "on the 15th day of Tebet SIM.MAḪ, 'the Swallow,' (or) 'the Rainbow,' becomes visible in the east" (I iii 7) [MA, 45], see also (Kurtik k10) [[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]].
* "on the 15th day of Tebet SIM.MAḪ, 'the Swallow,' (or) 'the Rainbow,' becomes visible in the east" (I iii 7) [MA<ref name=":0">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 45], see also (Kurtik k10) [[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]].
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* tir.an.na ud ''nu-uḫ-ši'' mu.bi<sub>2</sub> ''mar-ra-tum''
* tir.an.na ud ''nu-uḫ-ši'' mu.bi<sub>2</sub> ''mar-ra-tum''
* "Rainbow, its name 'day of plenty', rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:167]. See also [ACh Sin, 3:122; HBA, 13].
* "Rainbow, its name 'day of plenty', rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:167]. See also [ACh Sin<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 3:122; HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 13].
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==== II. Identification. ====
==== II. Identification. ====
         It has been suggested that <sup>mul</sup>SIM.MAḪ and <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ are different names for the same constellation located in southwestern Pisces [MA, 128; G. 197; Koch 1989, 39; ASM, 65]. Doubts about the correctness of the identification are expressed in [MA, 128]. See also the philological commentary in [Hunger-Steele 2018, 118], and (Kurtik h04) ''[[Ḫar-ri-ru|Ḫarriru]]'') and Kurtik t05) [[TIR.AN.NA|<sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA]].
         It has been suggested that <sup>mul</sup>SIM.MAḪ and <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ are different names for the same constellation located in southwestern Pisces [MA<ref name=":0" />, 128; Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 197; Koch 1989<ref>''Koch J.'' Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.</ref>, 39; ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 65]. Doubts about the correctness of the identification are expressed in [MA<ref name=":0" />, 128]. See also the philological commentary in [Hunger-Steele 2018<ref name=":0" />, 118], and (Kurtik h04) ''[[Ḫar-ri-ru|Ḫarriru]]'') and Kurtik t05) [[TIR.AN.NA|<sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA]].




Latest revision as of 19:20, 5 October 2025

IM.ŠEŠ (𒅎𒋀) = marratu

IM.SHESH, The Rainbow, rises in the east together with the Swallow (who, in turn, is characterized by its V-shaped tail). Stellarium displays the area from northeast to southeast over Babylon in -1050. Might it refer to the three bright stars α, β, γ Ari? (we don't know)

mulIM.ŠEŠ, "The Rainbow", is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. Its identification is unclear. As an asterism, it is designated in the list of rising and setting constellations of MUL.APIN. A rainbow asterism/deity by a different name, dTIR.AN.NA, is identified with dharriru, 'the Vole' in MUL.APIN I i 33. In both cases, the asterism that is referred to is in the area of Pisces/ Andromeda as it rises together with SIM.MAḪ, The Swallow. For Rainbow terminology in Sumerian and Akkadian see Horowitz 2016[1].

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var. readings:

  • mulIM.SIS, mulIM.SES;
  • = marratu "Rainbow" [AHw[2], 612; CAD[3] M/1, 286];

Constellation identified with (Kurtik s19) SIM.MAḪ(?).

Sources Identifications
MUL.APIN.

Dates of heliacal risings:

  • ina itiAB UD 15 KAM mulSIM.MAḪ mulši-nu-nu-tu4 mulIM.ŠEŠ / ina GIŠ.NIM IGI.LA2 (var.: IGIme)
  • "on the 15th day of Tebet SIM.MAḪ, 'the Swallow,' (or) 'the Rainbow,' becomes visible in the east" (I iii 7) [MA[4], 45], see also (Kurtik k10) KAK.SI.SA2.
"The Great Stars List".
  • tir.an.na ud nu-uḫ-ši mu.bi2 mar-ra-tum
  • "Rainbow, its name 'day of plenty', rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol.[5], App. B:167]. See also [ACh Sin[6], 3:122; HBA[7], 13].

Additional

Babylonian constellation of the Rainbow next to the IKU-constellation (Papke 1993). This way, IM-SHESH would culminate together with the Swallow and not rise together with it, so it contradicts at least one of the texts.

II. Identification.

         It has been suggested that mulSIM.MAḪ and mulIM.ŠEŠ are different names for the same constellation located in southwestern Pisces [MA[4], 128; Gössmann[8] 197; Koch 1989[9], 39; ASM[10], 65]. Doubts about the correctness of the identification are expressed in [MA[4], 128]. See also the philological commentary in [Hunger-Steele 2018[4], 118], and (Kurtik h04) Ḫarriru) and Kurtik t05) dTIR.AN.NA.


Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, i09) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulIM.SIS, mulIM.SES; = marratu «Радуга» [AHw, 612; CAD M/1, 286]; созвездие, отождествляемое с s19SIM.MAḪ(?).

I. Источники.

MUL.APIN. Даты гелиакических восходов: ina itiAB UD 15 KAM mulSIM.MAḪ mulši-nu-nu-tu4 mulIM.ŠEŠ / ina GIŠ.NIM IGI.LA2 (вар.: IGIme) «15-го тебету SIM.MAḪ, (т.е.) Ласточка, (или) IM.ŠEŠ, становятся видны на востоке» (I iii 7) [MA, 45], см. также k10KAK.SI.SA2. «Большой список звезд». tir.an.na ud nu-uḫ-ši mu.bi2 mar-ra-tum «Радуга, ее имя «день изобилия», радуга» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:167]. Cм. также [ACh Sin, 3:122; HBA, 13].

II. Отождествление.

Предполагается, что mulSIM.MAḪ и mulIM.ŠEŠ ― разные названия одного и того же созвездия, расположенного в юго-западной части Рыб [MA, 128; G. 197; Koch 1989, 39; ASM, 65]. Сомнения в правильности отождествления высказываются в [MA, 128], см. также филологический комментарий в [Hunger–Steele 2018, 118], а также t05 dTIR.AN.NA.

Example

References

  1. ↑ Hoffmann, S.M. (2016): Rekonstruktion der griechischen und mesopotamischen Himmelskartographie(n) im ersten Millennium vor Beginn unserer Zeitrechnung, Orbis Terrarum 14, S. 33-49
  2. ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
  3. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  5. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  6. ↑ Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)
  7. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  8. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  9. ↑ Koch J. Neue Untersuchungen zur Topographie des babylonischen Fixsternhimmels. Wiesbaden, 1989.
  10. ↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
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