LUGAL: Difference between revisions
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=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
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= šarru "king"; = Regulus (α Leonis) [G. 240]. See also L15[[LUGAL.E2.GAL|LUGAL.E<sub>2</sub>.GAL]]. |
= šarru "king"; = Regulus (α Leonis) [G. 240]. See also (Kurtik L15) [[LUGAL.E2.GAL|LUGAL.E<sub>2</sub>.GAL]]. |
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|'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."''' |
|'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."''' |
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Astrolabe P. Month of arahsamnu, stars of Ea, 35 [Pinches 1900, 574]. Astrolabe B. |
Astrolabe P. Month of arahsamnu, stars of Ea, 35 [Pinches 1900, 574]. Astrolabe B. |
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* (1) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>apin] ... <sup>mul</sup>lugal ''šu''-[''ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-''lil''<sub>2</sub>] "Month of Arahsamnu: King (on the way) of Enlil (rising)" (C iii 8). |
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* (2) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is ''arahsamnu'', setting is ''ayyar'' [KAV 218, C. 16, 27; Horowitz 2014, 40], see (Kurtik u21) [[UR.IDIM]]. |
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|'''BM 82923.''' |
|'''BM 82923.''' |
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Arahsamnu month, stars of Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL // 35 // LUGAL EN <sup>d</sup>I<sub>2</sub>-gi<sub>3</sub>-gi<sub>3</sub> "King // 35 // King, Lord of the Igigs" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 30:24]. |
Arahsamnu month, stars of Enlil: <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL // 35 // LUGAL EN <sup>d</sup>''I''<sub>2</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub>-''gi''<sub>3</sub> "King // 35 // King, Lord of the Igigs" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 30:24]. |
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|'''BM 34713.''' |
|'''BM 34713.''' |
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Kislimu month, stars of Enlil [LBAT, 1499:9], see ts02[[Ṣalbatānu]]. |
Kislimu month, stars of Enlil [LBAT, 1499:9], see (Kurtik ts02) ''[[Ṣalbatānu]]''. |
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|'''The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.''' |
|'''The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.''' |
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12 stars of Enlil (no. 8): <sup>mul</sup>lugal [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. |
12 stars of Enlil (no. 8): <sup>mul</sup>lugal [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. |
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|'''EAE.''' See. [BPO 2, XVI 16, XIX 5; BPO 3, 283; Largement 1957, 244:37]. |
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* (1) The stars of Enlil (no. 9): MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' GABA <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL "The star that stands on the breast of the Lion, the King" (I i 9). |
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* (2) The dates of the heliacal ascents are "on the 5th of Abu" (I ii 44), see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN]]. |
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|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".''' |
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".''' |
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(1) 12 Amurru stars: <sup>mul</sup>lugal; |
* (1) 12 Amurru stars: <sup>mul</sup>lugal; |
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* (2) 7 tikpi stars: <sup>mul</sup>lugal [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:218, 222]. |
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|'''List of the 12 names of Marduk (III R, 53,2).''' |
|'''List of the 12 names of Marduk (III R, 53,2).''' |
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ina <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>ul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "In the month of tebet, the King = Marduk (=Jupiter)", see a28[[AMAR. |
''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>ul</sup>lugal = <sup>d</sup>amar.utu "In the month of tebet, the King = Marduk (=Jupiter)", see (Kurtik a28) [[AMAR.UD|<sup>d</sup>AMAR.UTU]]. |
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|'''Dalbanna-text.''' |
|'''Dalbanna-text.''' |
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§P. <sup>mul</sup>lugal <sup>mul</sup>gaba mu[š? ... mul x]-ḫi-it kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> 3 mul.meš gan<sub>2</sub> gim |
§P. <sup>mul</sup>lugal <sup>mul</sup>gaba mu[š? ... mul x]-''ḫi-it'' kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> 3 mul.meš gan<sub>2</sub> gim ˹''u''<sub>2</sub>˺ [...] ''mal''<sub>2</sub>-''ma-liš'' "King(α Leo), chest of Serpent[s] (30 Mon, 1,2 Hya), [...mul x]-ḫi-it Arrows" (18 Mon): 3 stars. Field ... [...]. Equal." [Walker 1995, 33; ASM, 106]; according to J. Koch: [mul x]-''ḫi-it'' kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> = [mul ''a'']-''ḫi-it'' kak.si.sa<sub>2</sub> "[Star], sides of the Arrow" (18 Mon) [Koch 1995, 46, 59]. |
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|'''Text of Nv. 10.''' |
|'''Text of Nv. 10.''' |
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<sup>(mul)</sup>lugal is the asterism AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA in the month of siman, see sh17[[ŠU.PA]]; lugal = "King" (Regulus), according to [ASM, 56], lugal = <sup>d</sup>Ḫaniš(α Cen), according to [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16]. |
<sup>(mul)</sup>lugal is the asterism AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA in the month of siman, see (Kurtik sh17) [[ŠU.PA]]; lugal = "King" (Regulus), according to [ASM, 56], lugal = <sup>d</sup>''Ḫaniš''(α Cen), according to [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16]. |
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|'''LBAT 1502.''' |
|'''LBAT 1502.''' |
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[...<sup>múl</sup>LU]GAL is the asterism Antashurra, see sh16[[ŠU.GI]]. |
[...<sup>múl</sup>LU]GAL is the asterism Antashurra, see (Kurtik sh16) [[ŠU.GI]]. |
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|'''Late astrology, magic and the calendar.''' |
|'''Late astrology, magic and the calendar.''' |
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(1) The Lunarii. BRM IV, 20: ki 5 UŠ ina maḫar <sup>mul</sup>[lugal(?)] "The region (located) 50 in front of [the King]" (astrological meaning): "the king in the palace, his name is favorably remembered", <sup>ki mul</sup>lugal "The area of the (star) King" (astrological meaning): "return of the lost" [Ungnad 1941-44, 259:14, 20] |
* (1) The Lunarii. BRM IV, 20: ki 5 UŠ ''ina maḫar'' <sup>mul</sup>[lugal(?)] "The region (located) 50 in front of [the King]" (astrological meaning): "the king in the palace, his name is favorably remembered", <sup>ki mul</sup>lugal "The area of the (star) King" (astrological meaning): "return of the lost" [Ungnad 1941-44, 259:14, 20]. |
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* (2) Extispicy involving correspondence between liver fragments, deities, months, and stars, see (Kurtik b06) [[BAN]]. (3) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the Moon and the positions of the Moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. |
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|'''BM 36746+.'''<sup>mul</sup>LUGAL [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134:6′], see s20[[Sîn]]. |
|'''BM 36746+.'''<sup>mul</sup>LUGAL [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134:6′], see (Kurtik s20) ''[[Sîn]]''. |
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=== Additional === |
=== Additional === |
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'''II. Deity.''' |
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==== II. Deity. ==== |
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The name reflects the star's apparently central position on the figure of the constellation Leo ("on the breast of the Lion") and the great brilliance of α Leonis. |
The name reflects the star's apparently central position on the figure of the constellation Leo ("on the breast of the Lion") and the great brilliance of α Leonis. |
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==== III. Identification. ==== |
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= Regulus (α Leonis) [Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 70; BPO 2, 13; MA, 137; Koch 1989, 77-79, 111; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 273; Horowitz 2014, 247]. |
= Regulus (α Leonis) [Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 70; BPO 2, 13; MA, 137; Koch 1989, 77-79, 111; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 273; Horowitz 2014, 247]. |
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==== IV. Astrology. ==== |
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Identifications: |
Identifications: |
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(1) = Jupiter in the month of tebet; see texts III R, 53,2, V R, 46, 1:8. |
(1) = Jupiter in the month of tebet; see texts III R, 53,2, V R, 46, 1:8. |
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See also u18[[UR.BAR.RA]], IV 3. |
See also (Kurtik u18) [[UR.BAR.RA]], IV 3. |
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Predictions: |
Predictions: |
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(2) Regulus is dark, Mercury stands near Regulus; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL GI<sub>6</sub> GAL.UKKIN E<sub>2</sub>.GAL UŠ<sub>2</sub> / ˹<sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.GUD˺.UD it-ti <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL GUB-ma "If Regulus is dark: the steward of the palace will die. (It means): Mercury stands with Regulus." [ARAK, 245:1-2], see also [ARAK, 146:5-6; BPO 2, XVI 16 + Parallels, XIX 5], see also u20[[UR.GU.LA]], VI 5. |
(2) Regulus is dark, Mercury stands near Regulus; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL GI<sub>6</sub> GAL.UKKIN E<sub>2</sub>.GAL UŠ<sub>2</sub> / ˹<sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.GUD˺.UD ''it-ti'' <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL GUB-''ma'' "If Regulus is dark: the steward of the palace will die. (It means): Mercury stands with Regulus." [ARAK, 245:1-2], see also [ARAK, 146:5-6; BPO 2, XVI 16 + Parallels, XIX 5], see also (Kurtik u20) [[UR.GU.LA]], VI 5. |
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(3) Regulus is dark, Saturn stands ahead of Regulus; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL a-dir LUGAL ḪUŠ-ma IDIM.MEŠ-šu<sub>2</sub> / [ana GAZ] ˹E<sub>3</sub>˺-ma GUR-ma NU GAZ-ak /.../ [<sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.S]AG. |
(3) Regulus is dark, Saturn stands ahead of Regulus; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL ''a-dir'' LUGAL ḪUŠ-''ma'' IDIM.MEŠ-''šu''<sub>2</sub> / [''ana'' GAZ] ˹E<sub>3</sub>˺-''ma'' GUR-''ma'' NU GAZ-''ak'' /.../ [<sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.S]AG.UŠ ''ina'' IGI <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL [GUB-''iz''...] "If Regulus is dark: the king becomes angry and takes his nobles out for execution, but returns and does not execute (them) ...[Satu]rn [stands] ahead of Regulus..." [ARAK, 40 r. 3-6]. |
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(4) Venus, Jupiter, and Regulus; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ina <sup>d</sup>UTU].ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ana ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL TU-ub SU.KU<sub>2</sub> ina KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>-ši "[If Venus on the we]st approaches Regulus: there will be famine in the country" [BPO 3, 104, K.3632:23], for a parallel see. [ibid. 217, K.3601 +: r. 17]; DIŠ EŠ<sub>4</sub>.DAR <sup>d</sup>Šul-pa-e<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>LUGAL [...] / IGI.MEŠ-ma EŠ<sub>4</sub>.DAR <sup>d</sup>Sin u <sup>d</sup>LUGAL ana KUR [MAN <sup>d</sup>UD.AL.TAR] / ana ŠU<sub>2</sub> MAN DIB-šu<sub>2</sub>-nu-ti SILIM-im SIG<sub>5</sub>.ME K[I. |
(4) Venus, Jupiter, and Regulus; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU].ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ''ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL TU-''ub'' SU.KU<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' "[If Venus on the we]st approaches Regulus: there will be famine in the country" [BPO 3, 104, K.3632:23], for a parallel see. [ibid. 217, K.3601 +: r. 17]; DIŠ EŠ<sub>4</sub>.DAR <sup>d</sup>''Šul-pa-e''<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>LUGAL [...] / IGI.MEŠ-''ma'' EŠ<sub>4</sub>.DAR <sup>d</sup>''Sin'' ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL ''ana'' KUR [MAN <sup>d</sup>UD.AL.TAR] / ''ana'' ŠU<sub>2</sub> MAN DIB-''šu''<sub>2</sub>-''nu-ti'' SILIM-''im'' SIG<sub>5</sub>.ME K[I.LAM SIG<sub>5</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>] "If Ishtar (= Venus), Shulpae (= Jupiter), the King (= Regulus) [...] become visible, and Ishtar, the Moon and the King (stand) towards the rising [Sun], (and) [Jupiter] passes them towards the setting Sun: there will be secure peace, [good prices]" [BPO 3, 173, K.229+:32], see also [ibid. 186, K.3191:3′-5′]. |
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(5) Jupiter passes Regulus; see s09[[SAG.ME.GAR]], III 27. |
(5) Jupiter passes Regulus; see (Kurtik s09) [[SAG.ME.GAR]], III 27. |
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(6) Regulus bears radiation; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL ŠE.ER.ZI na-ši / LUGAL URI<sup>ki</sup> ga-me-ru-tu<sub>2</sub> DU<sub>3</sub>-uš "If Regulus bears radiation: the king of Akkad will achieve complete domination" [ARAK, 170 r. 3-4], for parallels see. [ibid., 29:1-2, 318:6-8]; see also <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL BU "Regulus has great brilliance" [LABS, 160:23]. |
(6) Regulus bears radiation; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL ŠE.ER.ZI ''na-ši'' / LUGAL URI<sup>ki</sup> ''ga-me-ru-tu''<sub>2</sub> DU<sub>3</sub>-''uš'' "If Regulus bears radiation: the king of Akkad will achieve complete domination" [ARAK, 170 r. 3-4], for parallels see. [ibid., 29:1-2, 318:6-8]; see also <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL BU "Regulus has great brilliance" [LABS, 160:23]. |
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(7) The moon is surrounded by a halo and Regulus stands in it; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-ma <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL / ina ŠA<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB-iz ina MU BI MI<sub>2</sub>.PEŠ<sub>4</sub>.MEŠ (gloss: e-ra-a-ti) / NITA.M[EŠ U<sub>3</sub>].TU.MEŠ (gloss: zak-ka- |
(7) The moon is surrounded by a halo and Regulus stands in it; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL / ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''iz ina'' MU BI MI<sub>2</sub>.PEŠ<sub>4</sub>.MEŠ (gloss: ''e-ra-a-ti'') / NITA.M[EŠ U<sub>3</sub>].TU.MEŠ (gloss: ''zak-ka''-˹''ri''<sup>!</sup>˺ [''ul'']-''la-da'') "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo and Regulus stands in it: pregnant women will give birth to male babies this year" [ARAK, 41 r. 1-3], see also [ibid., 181:5-6, 205:5-6, 278:1-4, 299:5-6, 301:6-8, 302 r. 8-9, 494: 3-6]. |
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(8) A planet approaches Regulus; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ana <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL TE ... "If a planet (= Mercury) approaches close to Regulus (= Jupiter?): the son of the king who lives in the city on my border will raise a rebellion against his father, but will not seize the throne; another son of the king will rise and seize the throne; he will rebuild the temples and establish sacrifices to the gods; he will take care of the sustenance of all the temples." [ARAK, 245: 5- r. 4], see also [ibid., 414:1-7; Largement 1957, 244: 37a, 37b]; variant: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ana <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ... "If a planet comes close to a planet: (the apodosis is the same)" [Largement 1957, 243:35-36]. |
(8) A planet approaches Regulus; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL TE ... "If a planet (= Mercury) approaches close to Regulus (= Jupiter?): the son of the king who lives in the city on my border will raise a rebellion against his father, but will not seize the throne; another son of the king will rise and seize the throne; he will rebuild the temples and establish sacrifices to the gods; he will take care of the sustenance of all the temples." [ARAK, 245: 5- r. 4], see also [ibid., 414:1-7; Largement 1957, 244: 37a, 37b]; variant: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM TE ... "If a planet comes close to a planet: (the apodosis is the same)" [Largement 1957, 243:35-36]. |
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(9) Regulus approaches the Moon; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL ana IGI 30 TE-ma GUB UD.MEŠ NUN TIL.MEŠ / a-mat te-še-e<sup>!</sup> ina KUR DU<sub>8</sub>-ar<sub>2</sub> ana KUR SIG<sub>5</sub> "If Regulus (= Jupiter?) approaches close to the front of the Moon and stands there: the king's days will (soon) be over; an embarrassing word will spread in the country; a favorable (sign) for the country" [KUR DU<sub>8</sub>-ar<sub>2</sub> ana KUR SIG<sub>5</sub>] [ARAK, 283:4-5], DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL ana UGU 30 [TE-m]a GUB LUGAL UD.MEŠ ma- |
(9) Regulus approaches the Moon; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL ''ana'' IGI 30 TE-''ma'' GUB UD.MEŠ NUN TIL.MEŠ / ''a-mat te-še-e''<sup>!</sup> ''ina'' KUR DU<sub>8</sub>-''ar''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' KUR SIG<sub>5</sub> "If Regulus (= Jupiter?) approaches close to the front of the Moon and stands there: the king's days will (soon) be over; an embarrassing word will spread in the country; a favorable (sign) for the country" [KUR DU<sub>8</sub>-''ar''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' KUR SIG<sub>5</sub>] [ARAK, 283:4-5], DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>LUGAL ''ana'' UGU 30 [TE-''m'']''a'' GUB LUGAL UD.MEŠ ''ma-a''᾽-''du-tu''<sub>2</sub> DIN-''uṭ'' / [KUR NU SI.SA<sub>2</sub> ...] ḪUL "If Regulus [approaches close] to the upper part of the Moon and stands there: the king will live long; [the country will not prosper ...] a bad (sign)" [ARAK, 283: 6-7], see also [ibid., 363]. The two cited predictions in this letter are preceded by a general maxim: GIŠKIM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''a-na'' LUGAL ''lem-ne''<sub>2</sub>''-ti a-na'' KUR ''dam-qat''<sup>!</sup> / GIŠKIM ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''a-na'' KUR ''dam-qa-ti a-na'' LUGAL ''lem-n''[''e''<sub>2</sub>-''et''] "The sign that portends evil to the king favors the country; the sign that favors the country portends evil to the king" [ibid, 283:1-2]. |
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(10) Regulus stands to the right or left of Jupiter; see s09[[SAG.ME.GAR]], III 28. |
(10) Regulus stands to the right or left of Jupiter; see (Kurtik s09) [[SAG.ME.GAR]], III 28. |
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== Historical Dictionaries == |
== Historical Dictionaries == |
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! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022) |
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, L14) |
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! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950) |
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950) |
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Latest revision as of 14:22, 18 April 2025
mul / dLUGAL is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
Dictionary
Krebernik (2023)
= šarru “king”. The name of the star can also be read kakkab šarri if MUL is taken as a logogram (and not as a determinative). mulLUGAL (EN 11r).
Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim
= šarru "king"; = Regulus (α Leonis) [G. 240]. See also (Kurtik L15) LUGAL.E2.GAL.
Sources | Identifications |
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"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."
Astrolabe P. Month of arahsamnu, stars of Ea, 35 [Pinches 1900, 574]. Astrolabe B.
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BM 82923.
Arahsamnu month, stars of Enlil: mulLUGAL // 35 // LUGAL EN dI2-gi3-gi3 "King // 35 // King, Lord of the Igigs" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 30:24]. |
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BM 34713.
Kislimu month, stars of Enlil [LBAT, 1499:9], see (Kurtik ts02) Ṣalbatānu. |
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"Round astrolabes".
K.14943+: mullugal "(Stars of Enlil, month of arahsamnu), King, [35]" [CT 33, 12]. See also mullugal [CT 26, 49, Sm. 1125:3]. |
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The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.
12 stars of Enlil (no. 8): mullugal [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. |
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EAE. See. [BPO 2, XVI 16, XIX 5; BPO 3, 283; Largement 1957, 244:37]. | |
MUL.APIN.
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"Letters" and "Reports."
See. [LABS, 380b; ARAK, 352b]. |
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"Great Star List and Miscellenia".
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List of stars V R, 46, 1:8.
mullugal = damar.utu "King = Marduk" [HBA, 51; Wee 2016, 162-3]. |
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List of the 12 names of Marduk (III R, 53,2).
ina itiab ullugal = damar.utu "In the month of tebet, the King = Marduk (=Jupiter)", see (Kurtik a28) dAMAR.UTU. |
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"Planisphere K 8538."
Sector 5: lugal (four times) [Koch 1989, 56, Abb. 2; 59]. |
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Dalbanna-text.
§P. mullugal mulgaba mu[š? ... mul x]-ḫi-it kak.si.sa2 3 mul.meš gan2 gim ˹u2˺ [...] mal2-ma-liš "King(α Leo), chest of Serpent[s] (30 Mon, 1,2 Hya), [...mul x]-ḫi-it Arrows" (18 Mon): 3 stars. Field ... [...]. Equal." [Walker 1995, 33; ASM, 106]; according to J. Koch: [mul x]-ḫi-it kak.si.sa2 = [mul a]-ḫi-it kak.si.sa2 "[Star], sides of the Arrow" (18 Mon) [Koch 1995, 46, 59]. |
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Text of Nv. 10.
(mul)lugal is the asterism AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA in the month of siman, see (Kurtik sh17) ŠU.PA; lugal = "King" (Regulus), according to [ASM, 56], lugal = dḪaniš(α Cen), according to [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16]. |
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LBAT 1502.
[...múlLU]GAL is the asterism Antashurra, see (Kurtik sh16) ŠU.GI. |
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Late astrology, magic and the calendar.
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BM 36746+.mulLUGAL [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134:6′], see (Kurtik s20) Sîn. |
See in the Nambourbi series [Ebeling 1954, 12-13:7], and also [SpTU V, 268:16].
Additional
II. Deity.
The name reflects the star's apparently central position on the figure of the constellation Leo ("on the breast of the Lion") and the great brilliance of α Leonis.
III. Identification.
= Regulus (α Leonis) [Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 70; BPO 2, 13; MA, 137; Koch 1989, 77-79, 111; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 273; Horowitz 2014, 247].
IV. Astrology.
Identifications:
(1) = Jupiter in the month of tebet; see texts III R, 53,2, V R, 46, 1:8.
See also (Kurtik u18) UR.BAR.RA, IV 3.
Predictions:
(2) Regulus is dark, Mercury stands near Regulus; DIŠ mulLUGAL GI6 GAL.UKKIN E2.GAL UŠ2 / ˹mulUDU.IDIM.GUD˺.UD it-ti mulLUGAL GUB-ma "If Regulus is dark: the steward of the palace will die. (It means): Mercury stands with Regulus." [ARAK, 245:1-2], see also [ARAK, 146:5-6; BPO 2, XVI 16 + Parallels, XIX 5], see also (Kurtik u20) UR.GU.LA, VI 5.
(3) Regulus is dark, Saturn stands ahead of Regulus; DIŠ mulLUGAL a-dir LUGAL ḪUŠ-ma IDIM.MEŠ-šu2 / [ana GAZ] ˹E3˺-ma GUR-ma NU GAZ-ak /.../ [mulUDU.IDIM.S]AG.UŠ ina IGI mulLUGAL [GUB-iz...] "If Regulus is dark: the king becomes angry and takes his nobles out for execution, but returns and does not execute (them) ...[Satu]rn [stands] ahead of Regulus..." [ARAK, 40 r. 3-6].
(4) Venus, Jupiter, and Regulus; [DIŠ mulDil-bat ina dUTU].ŠU2.A ana ŠA3 mulLUGAL TU-ub SU.KU2 ina KUR GAL2-ši "[If Venus on the we]st approaches Regulus: there will be famine in the country" [BPO 3, 104, K.3632:23], for a parallel see. [ibid. 217, K.3601 +: r. 17]; DIŠ EŠ4.DAR dŠul-pa-e3 dLUGAL [...] / IGI.MEŠ-ma EŠ4.DAR dSin u dLUGAL ana KUR [MAN dUD.AL.TAR] / ana ŠU2 MAN DIB-šu2-nu-ti SILIM-im SIG5.ME K[I.LAM SIG5 GAL2] "If Ishtar (= Venus), Shulpae (= Jupiter), the King (= Regulus) [...] become visible, and Ishtar, the Moon and the King (stand) towards the rising [Sun], (and) [Jupiter] passes them towards the setting Sun: there will be secure peace, [good prices]" [BPO 3, 173, K.229+:32], see also [ibid. 186, K.3191:3′-5′].
(5) Jupiter passes Regulus; see (Kurtik s09) SAG.ME.GAR, III 27.
(6) Regulus bears radiation; DIŠ mulLUGAL ŠE.ER.ZI na-ši / LUGAL URIki ga-me-ru-tu2 DU3-uš "If Regulus bears radiation: the king of Akkad will achieve complete domination" [ARAK, 170 r. 3-4], for parallels see. [ibid., 29:1-2, 318:6-8]; see also mulLUGAL BU "Regulus has great brilliance" [LABS, 160:23].
(7) The moon is surrounded by a halo and Regulus stands in it; DIŠ d30 TUR3 NIGIN-ma mulLUGAL / ina ŠA3-šu2 GUB-iz ina MU BI MI2.PEŠ4.MEŠ (gloss: e-ra-a-ti) / NITA.M[EŠ U3].TU.MEŠ (gloss: zak-ka-˹ri!˺ [ul]-la-da) "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo and Regulus stands in it: pregnant women will give birth to male babies this year" [ARAK, 41 r. 1-3], see also [ibid., 181:5-6, 205:5-6, 278:1-4, 299:5-6, 301:6-8, 302 r. 8-9, 494: 3-6].
(8) A planet approaches Regulus; DIŠ mulUDU.IDIM ana mulLUGAL TE ... "If a planet (= Mercury) approaches close to Regulus (= Jupiter?): the son of the king who lives in the city on my border will raise a rebellion against his father, but will not seize the throne; another son of the king will rise and seize the throne; he will rebuild the temples and establish sacrifices to the gods; he will take care of the sustenance of all the temples." [ARAK, 245: 5- r. 4], see also [ibid., 414:1-7; Largement 1957, 244: 37a, 37b]; variant: DIŠ mulUDU.IDIM ana mulUDU.IDIM TE ... "If a planet comes close to a planet: (the apodosis is the same)" [Largement 1957, 243:35-36].
(9) Regulus approaches the Moon; DIŠ mulLUGAL ana IGI 30 TE-ma GUB UD.MEŠ NUN TIL.MEŠ / a-mat te-še-e! ina KUR DU8-ar2 ana KUR SIG5 "If Regulus (= Jupiter?) approaches close to the front of the Moon and stands there: the king's days will (soon) be over; an embarrassing word will spread in the country; a favorable (sign) for the country" [KUR DU8-ar2 ana KUR SIG5] [ARAK, 283:4-5], DIŠ mulLUGAL ana UGU 30 [TE-m]a GUB LUGAL UD.MEŠ ma-a᾽-du-tu2 DIN-uṭ / [KUR NU SI.SA2 ...] ḪUL "If Regulus [approaches close] to the upper part of the Moon and stands there: the king will live long; [the country will not prosper ...] a bad (sign)" [ARAK, 283: 6-7], see also [ibid., 363]. The two cited predictions in this letter are preceded by a general maxim: GIŠKIM ša2 a-na LUGAL lem-ne2-ti a-na KUR dam-qat! / GIŠKIM ša2 a-na KUR dam-qa-ti a-na LUGAL lem-n[e2-et] "The sign that portends evil to the king favors the country; the sign that favors the country portends evil to the king" [ibid, 283:1-2].
(10) Regulus stands to the right or left of Jupiter; see (Kurtik s09) SAG.ME.GAR, III 28.
Historical Dictionaries
Kurtik (2022, L14) | Gössmann (1950) |
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= šarru «Царь»; = Регул (α Leonis) [G. 240]. См. также L15LUGAL.E2.GAL.
I. Источники. «Астролябии». Astrolabe P. Месяц арахсамну, звезды Эа, 35 [Pinches 1900, 574]. Astrolabe B. (1) Cписок (3´12): [itiapin] … mullugal šu-[ut dEn-lil2] «Месяц арахсамну: Царь (на пути) Энлиля (восходит)» (C iii 8). (2) Список (восход–заход=6m): восход — арахсамну, заход — айяру [KAV 218, C. 16, 27; Horowitz 2014, 40], см. u21UR.IDIM. BM 82923. Месяц арахсамну, звезды Энлиля: mulLUGAL // 35 // LUGAL EN dI2-gi3-gi3 «Царь // 35 // Царь, Господин Игигов» [Walker–Hunger 1977, 30:24]. BM 34713. Месяц кислиму, звезды Энлиля [LBAT, 1499:9], см. ts02Ṣalbatānu. «Круглые астролябии». K.14943+: mullugal «(Звезды Энлиля, месяц арахсамну), Царь, [35]» [CT 33, 12]. См. также mullugal [CT 26, 49, Sm. 1125:3]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. 12 звезд Энлиля (№ 8): mullugal [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, XVI 16, XIX 5; BPO 3, 283; Largement 1957, 244:37]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Энлиля (№ 9): MUL ša2 ina GABA mulUR.GU.LA GUB-zu mulLUGAL «Звезда, которая стоит на груди Льва, Царь» (I i 9). (2) Даты гелиакических восходов: «5-го абу» (I ii 44), см. b06BAN. (3) Одновременные суточные восходы и заходы: mulBAN u mulLUGAL KURme mulUZ3 ŠU2-bi «Лук и Царь восходят, Коза заходит» (I iii 19) [MA, 20, 42, 49]. «Письма» и «Рапорты». См. [LABS, 380b; ARAK, 352b]. «Большой список звезд». (1) 12 звезд Амурру: mullugal; (2) 7 tikpi-звезд: mullugal [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:218, 222]. Список звезд V R, 46, 1:8. mullugal = damar.utu «Царь = Мардук» [HBA, 51; Wee 2016, 162–3]. Список 12 имен Мардука (III R, 53,2). ina itiab ullugal = damar.utu «В месяце тебету Царь = Мардук (=Юпитер)», см. a28dAMAR.UTU. Планисфера К 8538». Сектор 5: lugal (четыре раза) [Koch 1989, 56, Abb. 2; 59]. Dalbanna-текст. §P. mullugal mulgaba mu[š? … mul x]-ḫi-it kak.si.sa2 3 mul.meš gan2 gim ˹u2˺ […] mal2-ma-liš «Царь(α Leo), грудь Зме[и] (30 Mon, 1,2 Hya), […mul x]-ḫi-it Стрелы» (18 Mon): 3 звезды. Поле … […]. Поровну.» [Walker 1995, 33; ASM, 106]; согласно Й. Коху: [mul x]-ḫi-it kak.si.sa2 = [mul a]-ḫi-it kak.si.sa2 «[Звезда], стороны Стрелы»(18 Mon) [Koch 1995, 46, 59]. Текст Nv. 10. (mul)lugal ― звезда AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA в месяце симану, см. sh17ŠU.PA; lugal = «Царь» (Регул), согласно [ASM, 56], lugal = dḪaniš(α Cen), согласно [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 70, Anm. 16]. LBAT 1502. […múlLU]GAL — звезда Анташурра, см. sh16ŠU.GI. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Лунарии». BRM IV, 20: ki 5 UŠ ina maḫar mul[lugal(?)] «Область, (расположенная) в 50 перед [Царем]» (астрологическое значение): «царь во дворце имя свое благосклонно вспоминает», ki mullugal «Область (звезды) Царь» (астрологическое значение): «возврат потерянного» [Ungnad 1941–44, 259:14, 20]. (2) Экстиспиция, включающая соответствие между фрагментами печени, божествами, месяцами и звездами, см. b06BAN. (3) Предсказания, основанные на наблюдениях затмений Луны и положений Луны и планет относительно знаков зодиака. BM 36746+: mulLUGAL [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 134:6′], см. s20Sîn. См. в серии намбурби [Ebeling 1954, 12–13:7], а также [SpTU V, 268:16]. II. Божество. Название отражает, по-видимому, центральное положение звезды на фигуре созвездия Лев («на груди Льва») и большой блеск α Leonis. III. Отождествление. = Регул (α Leonis) [Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 70; BPO 2, 13; MA, 137; Koch 1989, 77–79, 111; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 273; Horowitz 2014, 247]. IV. Астрология. Отождествления: (1) = Юпитер в месяце тебету; см. тексты III R, 53,2, V R, 46, 1:8. См. также u18UR.BAR.RA, IV 3. Предсказания: (2) Регул темный, Меркурий стоит вблизи Регула; DIŠ mulLUGAL GI6 GAL.UKKIN E2.GAL UŠ2 / ˹mulUDU.IDIM.GUD˺.UD it-ti mulLUGAL GUB-ma «Если Регул темный: управляющий дворцом умрет. (Это означает): Меркурий стоит вместе с Регулом» [ARAK, 245:1–2], см. также [ARAK, 146:5–6; BPO 2, XVI 16 + Parallels, XIX 5], см. также u20UR.GU.LA, VI 5. (3) Регул темный, Сатурн стоит впереди Регула; DIŠ mulLUGAL a-dir LUGAL ḪUŠ-ma IDIM.MEŠ-šu2 / [ana GAZ] ˹E3˺-ma GUR-ma NU GAZ-ak /…/ [mulUDU.IDIM.S]AG.UŠ ina IGI mulLUGAL [GUB-iz…] «Если Регул темный: царь разгневается и своих знатных людей выведет на казнь, но возвратится и не казнит (их) …[Сату]рн впереди Регула [стоит…]» [ARAK, 40 r. 3–6]. (4) Венера, Юпитер и Регул; [DIŠ mulDil-bat ina dUTU].ŠU2.A ana ŠA3 mulLUGAL TU-ub SU.KU2 ina KUR GAL2-ši «[Если Венера на за]паде к Регулу подошла: в стране будет голод» [BPO 3, 104, K.3632:23], параллель см. [ibid. 217, K.3601+: r. 17]; DIŠ EŠ4.DAR dŠul-pa-e3 dLUGAL […] / IGI.MEŠ-ma EŠ4.DAR dSin u dLUGAL ana KUR [MAN dUD.AL.TAR] / ana ŠU2 MAN DIB-šu2-nu-ti SILIM-im SIG5.ME K[I.LAM SIG5 GAL2] «Если Иштар (= Венера), Шульпаэ (= Юпитер), Царь (= Регул) […] становятся видны, и Иштар, Луна и Царь (стоят) по направлению к восходу [Солнца], (и) [Юпитер] проходит их по направлению к заходу Солнца: будет надежный мир, [хорошие цены]» [BPO 3, 173, K.229+:32], см. также [ibid. 186, K.3191:3′–5′]. (5) Юпитер проходит Регул; см. s09SAG.ME.GAR, III 27. (6) Регул несет излучение; DIŠ mulLUGAL ŠE.ER.ZI na-ši / LUGAL URIki ga-me-ru-tu2 DU3-uš «Если Регул несет излучение: царь Аккада добьется полного господства» [ARAK, 170 r. 3–4], параллели см. [ibid., 29:1–2, 318:6–8]; см. также mulLUGAL BU «Регул имеет большой блеск» [LABS, 160:23]. (7) Луна окружена гало и Регул стоит в нем; DIŠ d30 TUR3 NIGIN-ma mulLUGAL / ina ŠA3-šu2 GUB-iz ina MU BI MI2.PEŠ4.MEŠ (глосса: e-ra-a-ti) / NITA.M[EŠ U3].TU.MEŠ (глосса: zak-ka-˹ri!˺ [ul]-la-da) «Если Луна окружена гало и Регул стоит в нем: в этом году беременные женщины будут рожать младенцев мужского пола» [ARAK, 41 r. 1–3], см. также [ibid., 181:5–6, 205:5–6, 278:1–4, 299:5–6, 301:6–8, 302 r. 8–9, 494: 3–6]. (8) Планета подходит к Регулу; DIŠ mulUDU.IDIM ana mulLUGAL TE … «Если планета (= Меркурий) подходит близко к Регулу (= Юпитер?): сын царя, который в городе на границе моей живет, поднимет мятеж против своего отца, но не захватит трон; другой сын царя поднимется и завладеет троном; он восстановит храмы и установит жертвоприношения богам; он будет заботиться об обеспечении средствами к существованию всех храмов» [ARAK, 245: 5– r. 4], см. также [ibid., 414:1–7; Largement 1957, 244: 37a, 37b]; вариант: DIŠ mulUDU.IDIM ana mulUDU.IDIM TE … «Если планета подходит близко к планете: (аподосис тот же)» [Largement 1957, 243:35–36]. (9) Регул подходит к Луне; DIŠ mulLUGAL ana IGI 30 TE-ma GUB UD.MEŠ NUN TIL.MEŠ / a-mat te-še-e! ina KUR DU8-ar2 ana KUR SIG5 «Если Регул (= Юпитер?) подходит близко к передней части Луны и стоит там: дни царя (скоро) закончатся; смущающее слово распространится в стране; для страны благоприятный (знак)» [ARAK, 283:4–5], DIŠ mulLUGAL ana UGU 30 [TE-m]a GUB LUGAL UD.MEŠ ma-a᾽-du-tu2 DIN-uṭ / [KUR NU SI.SA2 …] ḪUL «Если Регул [подходит близко] к верхней части Луны и стоит там: царь будет жить долго; [страна не будет процветать …] плохой (знак)» [ARAK, 283: 6–7], см. также [ibid., 363]. Двум приведенным предсказаниям в этом письме предшествует сентенция общего характера: GIŠKIM ša2 a-na LUGAL lem-ne2-ti a-na KUR dam-qat! / GIŠKIM ša2 a-na KUR dam-qa-ti a-na LUGAL lem-n[e2-et] «Знак, который предвещает зло царю, благоприятствует стране; знак, который благоприятствует стране, предвещает з[ло] царю» [ibid., 283:1–2]. (10) Регул стоит справа или слева от Юпитера; см. s09SAG.ME.GAR, III 28. |
Example |