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{{DISPLAYTITLE:ŠUDUN ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:ŠUDUN ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA}}


<sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA (𒀯𒋙𒂈𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀) or MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA (𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀), The Yoke of the Sea, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. It is in the southernmost part of the sky visible in ancient Mesopotamia, likely identified with stars in the southern Milky Way. For a possible identification with 'The Southern Cross', 'False Cross', or connection between the two, or another 'kite-like' shaped asterism in the far south. See Horowitz (2017)<ref>Horowitz W. (2017), “Communication and Miscommunication in the Southern Sky, The Case of Scorpius and the Southern Cross in Cuneiform,” in Keimer K.H. and G. Davis (eds.), Registers and Modes of Communication in the Ancient Near East, Routledge.</ref> for the Yoke of the Sea, as well as other astral yokes, including The Yoke of Akkad, Yoke of Elam, Yoke of the Mountain/Land/Earth (kur). See also [[MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA|MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA]].   
<sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA (𒀯𒋙𒂈𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀) or MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA (𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀), The Yoke of the Sea, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. It is in the southernmost part of the sky, visible in ancient Mesopotamia, likely identified with stars in the southern Milky Way. For a possible identification with 'The Southern Cross', 'False Cross', or a connection between the two, or another 'kite-like' shaped asterism in the far south. For the Yoke of the Sea, as well as other astral yokes, including The Yoke of Akkad, Yoke of Elam, Yoke of the Mountain/Land/Earth (kur), see Horowitz (2017)<ref>Horowitz W. (2017), “Communication and Miscommunication in the Southern Sky, The Case of Scorpius and the Southern Cross in Cuneiform,” in Keimer K.H. and G. Davis (eds.), Registers and Modes of Communication in the Ancient Near East, Routledge.</ref>. See also (Kurtik m27) [[MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA|MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA]].   


==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
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* <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA / <sup>mul</sup>''Ni-ru ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA (𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀)
* <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA / <sup>mul</sup>''Ni-ru ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA (𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀)


= "Yoke of the Sea" [Gössmann 273];
= "Yoke of the Sea" [Gössmann<ref name=":0">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 273];


constellation in one of these southern constellations: [[Puppis]], [[Vela]], [[Carina]], [[Centaurus]], or [[Crux]] [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 273 and 380; CAD N/2, 264b].
constellation in one of these southern constellations: [[Puppis]], [[Vela]], [[Carina]], [[Centaurus]], or [[Crux]] [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 273 and 380; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> N/2, 264b].
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|'''EAE.'''
|'''EAE.'''
See. [BPO 3<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 284b].
See. [BPO 3<ref name=":1">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 284b].
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|'''EAE.'''
|'''EAE.'''
See. [ABCD 220, EAE 20 Text b rev. 14′; 227, EAE 20 text k r. 8′; 272, EAE 22 text c col. ii 1′ + note 1; ACh Ištar, 21:41].
See. [ABCD<ref name=":2">''Rochberg-Halton F''. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).</ref> 220, EAE 20 Text b rev. 14′; 227, EAE 20 text k r. 8′; 272, EAE 22 text c col. ii 1′ + note 1; ACh Ištar<ref name=":3">''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 21:41].


See also: <sup>mul</sup>šudun a.ab.b[a] [CT 26, 48, K. 11306:7].
See also: <sup>mul</sup>šudun a.ab.b[a] [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 48, K. 11306:7].
|Example
|Example
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==== I. Deity. ====
==== I. Deity. ====
         Constellation of the god Ea and the city of Eridu, identical with [[MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA|<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA]] (m28).
         Constellation of the god Ea and the city of Eridu, identical with [[MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA|<sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA]] (Kurtik m28).


==== II. Identification. ====
==== II. Identification. ====
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==== III. Astrology. ====
==== III. Astrology. ====
          (1) Yoke of the sea; <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-''a'' [...] "Yoke of the sea = Ea [...]" [BPO 3<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 58, K.148+:8].
          (1) Yoke of the sea; <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-''a'' [...] "Yoke of the sea = Ea [...]" [BPO 3<ref name=":1" />, 58, K.148+:8].


          (2) Yoke of the sea and sacrifice; <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA LUGAL SIŠKUR APIN-''eš'' "The yoke of the sea desires a sacrifice from the king" [BPO 3<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, 92, K.2226+:7]; ritual injunction to avoid the consequences of an unfavorable prediction.
          (2) Yoke of the sea and sacrifice; <sup>mul</sup>MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA ''ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA LUGAL SIŠKUR APIN-''eš'' "The yoke of the sea desires a sacrifice from the king" [BPO 3<ref name=":1" />, 92, K.2226+:7]; ritual injunction to avoid the consequences of an unfavorable prediction.
===== Identifications: =====
===== Identifications: =====
         (1) = Kidney; see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]], V 5.
         (1) = Kidney; see (Kurtik b11) [[BIR]], V 5.


         (2) = Yoke of Elam = Asterism of Eridu; <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN KUR.NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> = <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> "Yoke of Elam = Asterism of Eridu" [LBAT, 1577 i 5′].
         (2) = Yoke of Elam = Asterism of Eridu; <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN KUR.NIM.MA<sup>ki</sup> = <sup>mul</sup>NUN<sup>ki</sup> "Yoke of Elam = Asterism of Eridu" [LBAT<ref>''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, 1577 i 5′].


===== Predictions: =====
===== Predictions: =====
         (1) The Yoke of the Sea dims; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Ni-ru ša'' A.AB.BA ''a-dir'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a i''ʼ-''a-dir'' A.MEŠ ''ina'' ID<sub>2</sub> ''dal-ḫu'' SU.KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' LUGAL.MEŠ [...] "If the Yoke of the Sea dims, (the star of) Ea dims: river waters will become muddy; famine will come; kings [...]" [ABCD, 220, EAE 20 Text b rev.14′]; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Ni'']-''i-ri ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA ''a-dir'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'': AN.MI ''ina'' <sup>mulx</sup>GU.LA GAR-''ma'' "[If the Yoke of the Sea darkens, (the star of) Ea darkens: an eclipse (of the moon) will occur in the Giant" [ABCD, 227, EAE 20 Text k rev 8′], see also [ACh Ištar. 21:41; 3. Erg., 325; Weidner 1941-44, 191].
         (1) The Yoke of the Sea dims; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Ni-ru ša'' A.AB.BA ''a-dir'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a i''ʼ-''a-dir'' A.MEŠ ''ina'' ID<sub>2</sub> ''dal-ḫu'' SU.KU<sub>2</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši'' LUGAL.MEŠ [...] "If the Yoke of the Sea dims, (the star of) Ea dims: river waters will become muddy; famine will come; kings [...]" [ABCD<ref name=":2" />, 220, EAE 20 Text b rev.14′]; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>''Ni'']-''i-ri ša''<sub>2</sub> A.AB.BA ''a-dir'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>2</sub>-''a a-dir'': AN.MI ''ina'' <sup>mulx</sup>GU.LA GAR-''ma'' "[If the Yoke of the Sea darkens, (the star of) Ea darkens: an eclipse (of the moon) will occur in the Giant" [ABCD<ref name=":2" />, 227, EAE 20 Text k rev 8′], see also [ACh Ištar<ref name=":3" /> 21:41; 3. Erg.<ref>''Kugler    F.X.  '' Sternkunde   und   Sterndienst   in    Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft   zum   ersten  und   zweiten   Buch   von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.</ref>, 325; Weidner 1941-44<ref>''Weidner E.'' Die astrologische Serie Enûma Anu Enlil // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14. S. 172-195, 308-312.</ref>, 191].


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==

Latest revision as of 08:04, 29 September 2025


mulŠUDUN ša2 A.AB.BA (𒀯𒋙𒂈𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀) or MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA (𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀), The Yoke of the Sea, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. It is in the southernmost part of the sky, visible in ancient Mesopotamia, likely identified with stars in the southern Milky Way. For a possible identification with 'The Southern Cross', 'False Cross', or a connection between the two, or another 'kite-like' shaped asterism in the far south. For the Yoke of the Sea, as well as other astral yokes, including The Yoke of Akkad, Yoke of Elam, Yoke of the Mountain/Land/Earth (kur), see Horowitz (2017)[1]. See also (Kurtik m27) MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA.   

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var.:

  • mulŠUDUN ša2 A.AB.BA (𒀯𒋙𒂈𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀)
  • mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA / mulNi-ru ša2 A.AB.BA (𒈬𒁍𒂡𒁕𒃻𒀀𒀊𒁀)

= "Yoke of the Sea" [Gössmann[2] 273];

constellation in one of these southern constellations: Puppis, Vela, Carina, Centaurus, or Crux [Gössmann[2] 273 and 380; CAD[3] N/2, 264b].

Sources

Identifications

MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA   
EAE.

See. [BPO 3[4], 284b].

Star List VR 46, 1:37.
  • mulmu.bu.<keš2.da ša2> a.ab.ba = mulnunki "Yoke of the sea = (Asterism of) Eridu" [HBA[5], 52:37; Wee 2016[6], 162-3].
mulŠUDUN ša2 A.AB.BA
EAE.

See. [ABCD[7] 220, EAE 20 Text b rev. 14′; 227, EAE 20 text k r. 8′; 272, EAE 22 text c col. ii 1′ + note 1; ACh Ištar[8], 21:41].

See also: mulšudun a.ab.b[a] [CT[9] 26, 48, K. 11306:7].

Example

Additional

I. Deity.

         Constellation of the god Ea and the city of Eridu, identical with mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA (Kurtik m28).

II. Identification.

         The position of the constellation MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA "Yoke of the Sea" apparently corresponds to the position of the constellation Eridu in the sky, see in this connection (Kurtik n50) NUNki, IV.

  The position in the sky of the Yoke  constellation, the Sea, probably corresponded to that of the Eridu constellation, see (Kurtik n50) NUNki, IV.

III. Astrology.

          (1) Yoke of the sea; mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA dE2-a [...] "Yoke of the sea = Ea [...]" [BPO 3[4], 58, K.148+:8].

          (2) Yoke of the sea and sacrifice; mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA LUGAL SIŠKUR APIN-eš "The yoke of the sea desires a sacrifice from the king" [BPO 3[4], 92, K.2226+:7]; ritual injunction to avoid the consequences of an unfavorable prediction.

Identifications:

         (1) = Kidney; see (Kurtik b11) BIR, V 5.

         (2) = Yoke of Elam = Asterism of Eridu; mulŠUDUN KUR.NIM.MAki = mulNUNki "Yoke of Elam = Asterism of Eridu" [LBAT[10], 1577 i 5′].

Predictions:

         (1) The Yoke of the Sea dims; DIŠ mulNi-ru ša A.AB.BA a-dir dE2-a iʼ-a-dir A.MEŠ ina ID2 dal-ḫu SU.KU2 GAL2-ši LUGAL.MEŠ [...] "If the Yoke of the Sea dims, (the star of) Ea dims: river waters will become muddy; famine will come; kings [...]" [ABCD[7], 220, EAE 20 Text b rev.14′]; [DIŠ mulNi]-i-ri ša2 A.AB.BA a-dir dE2-a a-dir: AN.MI ina mulxGU.LA GAR-ma "[If the Yoke of the Sea darkens, (the star of) Ea darkens: an eclipse (of the moon) will occur in the Giant" [ABCD[7], 227, EAE 20 Text k rev 8′], see also [ACh Ištar[8] 21:41; 3. Erg.[11], 325; Weidner 1941-44[12], 191].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m28), MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA
вар.: mulŠUDUN ša2 A.AB.BA (sh19); = «Ярмо Моря» [G. 273]; созвездие в Корме и Парусах (Puppis + Vela)(?).

I. Источники.

ЕАЕ.  См. [BPO 3, 284b]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:37. mulmu.bu.<keš2.da ša2> a.ab.ba = mulnunki «Ярмо моря = (Звезда) Эриду» [HBA, 52:37; Wee 2016, 162–3].

II. Отождествление.

Положение созвездия MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA «Ярмо Моря» на небе соответствовало, по-видимому, положению созвездия Эриду, см. в связи с этим n50NUNki, IV.

III. Астрология.

(1) Ярмо моря; mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA dE2-a […] «Ярмо моря = Эа […]» [BPO 3, 58, K.148+:8].

(2) Ярмо моря и жертвоприношение; mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA LUGAL SIZKUR APIN-eš «Ярмо моря желает жертвоприношения от царя» [BPO 3, 92, K.2226+:7]; ритуальное предписание во избежание последствий неблагоприятного предсказания.

Kurtik (2022, sh19), ŠUDUN ša2 A.AB.BA

 Gössmann (1950)
вар.: mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA / mulNi-ru ša2 A.AB.BA «Ярмо Моря»; созвездие в Корме и Парусах (Puppis + Vela) (?)  [G. 380; CAD N/2, 264b].

I. Источники.

EAE. См. [ABCD 220, EAE 20 Text b rev. 14′; 227, EAE 20 text k r. 8′; 272, EAE 22 text c col. ii 1′ + note 1; ACh Ištar, 21:41]. См. также: mulšudun a.ab.b[a] [CT 26, 48, K. 11306:7].

II. Божество.

Созвездие бога Эа и города Эриду, тождественное mulMU.BU.KEŠ2.DA ša2 A.AB.BA (m28).

II. Отождествление.

Положение на небе созвездия Ярмо Моря соответствовало, вероятно, положению созвездия Эриду, см. n50NUNki, IV.

III. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1)  = Почка; см. b11BIR, V 5.

(2) = Ярмо Элама = Звезда Эриду; mulŠUDUN KUR.NIM.MAki = mulNUNki «Ярмо Элама = Звезда Эриду» [LBAT, 1577 i 5′].

Предсказания:

(1) Ярмо Моря затемнилось; DIŠ mulNi-ru ša A.AB.BA a-dir dE2-a iʼ-a-dir A.MEŠ ina ID2 dal-ḫu SU.KU2 GAL2-ši LUGAL.MEŠ […] «Если Ярмо Моря затемнилось, (звезда) Эа затемнилась: воды в реке станут мутными; настанет голод; цари […]» [ABCD, 220, EAE 20 Text b rev.14′]; [DIŠ mulNi]-i-ri ša2 A.AB.BA a-dir dE2-a a-dir: AN.MI ina mulxGU.LA GAR-ma «[Если Яр]мо Моря затемнилось, (звезда) Эа затемнилась: затмение (Луны) в Великане произойдет» [ABCD, 227, EAE 20 Text k rev 8′], см. также [ACh Ištar. 21:41; 3. Erg., 325; Weidner 1941–44, 191].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Horowitz W. (2017), “Communication and Miscommunication in the Southern Sky, The Case of Scorpius and the Southern Cross in Cuneiform,” in Keimer K.H. and G. Davis (eds.), Registers and Modes of Communication in the Ancient Near East, Routledge.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
  5. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  6. ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Rochberg-Halton F. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)
  9. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  10. ↑ A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
  11. ↑ Kugler    F.X.   Sternkunde   und   Sterndienst   in    Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft   zum   ersten  und   zweiten   Buch   von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.
  12. ↑ Weidner E. Die astrologische Serie Enûma Anu Enlil // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14. S. 172-195, 308-312.
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