MAŠ

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MAŠ

mul / dMAŠ (𒀯𒈦) is a short writing for asterisms consisting of two stars, or two human figures corresponding to Akkadian māšu, 'twins,' -- in other words Gemini constellations for which see the following entries in Planetarium Babylonicum:  ???? give cross links ???

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var. designations:

  • 1) abbreviation of MAŠ.MAŠ Gemini, a zodiac sign or constellation in late astronomical and astrological texts [G. 266];
  • 2) a nonstandard designation for the zodiac sign Hired Man (= Aries) in late calendar-ritual texts [SpTU III, Nr. 104, 105; Reiner 1995, 115, note 522];
  • 3) dMAŠ = dNinurta, the deity Ninurta, identified in MUL.APIN I ii 16 with Mercury [MA, 34, 80], see (Kurtik n45) dNIN.URTA. In this case, the use of the MAŠ sign derives from a separate history than that of the Twin-stars asterisms.
Sources (Kurtik m13) MAŠ Identifications
Lexical texts.

Urra XXII series (MAŠ):

  • (1) ) mulmaš =[tu]-a-ma [Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 107:293ʹ].
  • (2) maš = [...] [Cavigneaux 1981, 105, 79.B.1 col. iv 15].
  • (3 the SpTU entry is just one ms of Bloch-Horowitz

Urra XXII series (MAŠ.MAŠ):

  • (1) Urra XXII series: [mul]maš.maš = ma-šu-u "Gemini" [SpTU III, 114A v 37; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 108:294ʹ].
  • (2) Series A I/6, 111-114: ma-áš-ma-áš ˹MAŠ.MAŠ˺ = …= ma-šu-u, tu-a-mu, dlugal-gir3-ra, dmes-lam-ta-e3-a [MSL XIV, 227–228].
Mathematical astronomy.

MAŠ is a esignation of the zodiac sign Gemini in [ACT I-III; LBAT, passim]; used already in lunar tables of the late 5th century BC. [Aaboe-Sachs 1969; Britton 1989].

MAŠ.MAŠ is the sign of the zodiac Gemini [ACT II, 482; LBAT, passim].

Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.
  • (1) "Horoscopes." See. [BH, 16 r. 5].
  • (2) Calendar and ritual texts.
    • a) BM 34452+: 3 1 // 3 13 // Sin ina MAŠ.QA ša2 múlMAŠ EGIR-i / GUB GU2.DU8.Aki "Simanu 1 // simanu 13 // The moon on the posterior position, the shoulder of the Gemini. / Kutu's place." [LBAT, 1586 + 1567; Hunger 1975, 41: rev. 5-6].
    • (b) W 22704 (recipe for making ointment? + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 14 // MAŠ 8 // dām(UŠ2) immeri(UDU.NITA2) šaman(I3.GIŠ) immeri(UDU.NITA2) u šārat(SIG2ḫi.a) immeri(UDU.NITA2) MIN(=tapaššaš) MIN(=tapaššaš) "Duuzu 14 // Aries 80 // You smear ram's blood, ram's fat, and ram's wool" [SpTU III, 104:14, as well as 104:1, 27]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. [SpTU III, 105:11, 24]. See also [SpTU I, 98:VIII; TU, 22:3, 15].
Sources (Kurtik m15) MAŠ.MAŠ
Lists of ziqpu-stars.

VAT 16436:

  • múlMAŠ.MAŠ dAG u dU.GUR // 2 // 10 IGI 8 ME KUŠ3
  • "Gemini, Nabu and Nergal // 2 (stars) // 10800 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952, 226-7:10].
Anaphora.
  • BM 36609+:
    • TA? 5? UŠ ˹kin??˺-ṣa NU KUR / EN a-si-du / MAŠ.MAŠ TA SAG-šu2 EN TIL-šu2 KUR
    • "(When the stars culminate) from 5?0, not reaching (i.e., in front of) the Knee, / to the Heel (of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth). / (in this interval) the Twins, from their beginning to their end, ascend."
  • [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004, 548, Section 7: obv. iii 20-22]; time of rising: 200 [ibid. 549].
Uranology
  • MLC 1866 iv 18-19:
    • dMAŠ.MAŠ dtu-ma-mumeš / ša2 ina pa-na-at GUB-zu
    • "The Gemini, the twins who stand ahead" [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 38, 42].
"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts".
  • 1) MAŠ.MAŠ — the sign of the zodiac Gemini [AD I-III, passim], the earliest example in the diary, -418 [ibid., 62, no.-418:5, 12];
  • 2) the designation MAŠ.MAŠ was part of the names of the five "normal stars" (nos. s8-12 in Kurtik m39 MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ).
Late astrology, magic, and the calendar.
  • (1) "Horoscopes". MAŠ.MAŠ is the zodiac sign Gemini [BH, passim].
  • (2) "Lunaries."
    • (a) BRM IV 20: ki mulmaš.maš "Region of Gemini" (in the same text: ki mul<maš>.tab.ba.gal. gal "Region of the Great Twins"), it corresponds to the following activities: magic ritual against threat to life, (ritual against disease) fatigue, (ritual against) "female spirit" (it seems to refer also to disease), the noble does not heed slander [Ungnad 1941-44, 256, 268-269:9, 10, 30, 38; Reiner 1995, 108-109; Emelyanov 1999, 193-194].
    • (b) BRM IV 19: maš.maš — the designation for the zodiac sign Gemini in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44, 274-275: c, f, k, 10, 33; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53].
  • (3) "Microzodiac."
    • The division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts: [3-tu]m ḫa.la múlmaš.maš šum3-šu2 "[3]-th part, its name is Gemini" [TU, 14:15; Sachs 1952, 66].
  • (4) Text W 23313/3: [DIŠ KI mulMAŠ].˹MAŠ˺ U3.T[U...] "If he, [when the Gem]ini (culminates), is born..." [SpTU V, 265:2'].
  • (5) W22554/2:
    • ki-i múlMAŠ.MAŠ a-na ziq-p[i...] / múlMAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL múlSIPA.ZI.AN.NA / a-di-i dŠamaš múlSIPA.ZI.AN.NA [...]
    • "If the Gemini culmin[ates and the (lunar) eclipse should begin], / The Great Gemini, the True Shepherd of Anu. / Until the Sun of the True Shepherd of Anu [reaches...] " [SpTU III, 102:3-5].  
  • (6) Zodiacal astrology.
    • a) KI múlSIPA u MAŠ.MAŠ UŠ2 ki-li "Region of the Gemini: death in captivity" [SpTU II, 43:21]; for a parallel see. [TU, 14: 22; Sachs 1952, 66, 68; LBAT, 1600 obv. 5'], see also [Emelyanov 1999, 192].
    • (b) Mars in Gemini, see (Kurtik ts02) Ṣalbatānu.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m13) Gössmann (1950)
1) сокращение от MAŠ.MAŠ «Близнецы» (Gemini) — знак зодиака или созвездие в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [G. 266]; 2) нестандартное обозначение знака зодиака Наемный работник (= Овен) в поздних календарно-ритуальных текстах [SpTU III, Nr. 104, 105; Reiner 1995, 115, note 522]; 3) dMAŠ = dNinurta — божество Нинурта, отождествляемое в MUL.APIN I ii 16 c Меркурием [MA, 34, 80], см. n45dNIN.URTA.

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. Серия Urra XXII: (1) [mul]maš = […]-a-x [SpTU III, 114A v 36]. (2) mulmaš = […] [Cavigneaux 1981, 105, 79.B.1 col. iv 15]. (3) mulmaš =[tu]-a-ma [Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 107:293ʹ]. Математическая астрономия. Обозначение знака зодиака Близнецы в [ACT I–III; LBAT, passim]; используется уже в лунных таблицах конца V в. до н.э. [Aaboe–Sachs 1969; Britton 1989]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Гороскопы». См. [BH, 16 r. 5]. (2) Календарно-ритуальные тексты. a) BM 34452+: 3 1 // 3 13  // Sin ina MAŠ.QA ša2 múlMAŠ EGIR-i / GUB GU2.DU8.Aki «Симану 1 // симану 13 // Луна на плече заднего из Близнецов. / Место Куту» [LBAT, 1586 + 1567; Hunger 1975, 41: rev. 5–6]. b) W 22704 (рецепт изготовления мази? + «додекатемория»): MIN(=ŠU) 14 // MAŠ 8 // dām(UŠ2) immeri(UDU.NITA2) šaman(I3.GIŠ) immeri(UDU.NITA2) u šārat(SIG2ḫi.a) immeri(UDU.NITA2) MIN(=tapaššaš) «Дуузу 14 //  Овен 80 //  Кровь барана, жир барана и шерсть барана ты намазываешь» [SpTU III, 104:14, а также 104:1, 27]; параллель для месяца арахсамну см. [SpTU III, 105:11, 24]. См. также [SpTU I, 98:VIII; TU, 22:3, 15].

Example

References

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