ŠUDUN: Difference between revisions

From All Skies Encyclopaedia
(Created page with "<sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. ==Dictionary== ===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=== = nīru "Yoke"; 1) = constellation roughly corresponding to Bootes (Bootes), 2) = ziqpu I (α Bootis) [G. 379; BPO 2, 15; CAD N/2, 264], see also m27MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA, n45Nīru, sh17ŠU.PA. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Sources !Identifications |- |<nowiki>Lexical texts. (1) Urra XXII series: mulšudu[n] = [ni-i-ru] [MSL XI, 30:26]; muldun4(instead of šudun...")
 
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==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
= nīru "Yoke"; 1) = constellation roughly corresponding to Bootes (Bootes), 2) = ziqpu I (α Bootis) [G. 379; BPO 2, 15; CAD N/2, 264], see also m27MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA, n45Nīru, sh17ŠU.PA.
= nīru "Yoke"; 1) = constellation roughly corresponding to Bootes (Bootes), 2) = ziqpu I (α Bootis) [G. 379; BPO 2, 15; CAD N/2, 264], see also m27[[MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA|MU.BU.KEŠ<sub>2</sub>.DA]], n45[[Nīru]], sh17[[ŠU.PA]].
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!Identifications
!Identifications
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|'''Lexical texts.''' (1) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>šudu[n] = [ni-i-ru] [MSL XI, 30:26]; <sup>mul</sup>dun<sub>4</sub>(instead of šudun) = ni-i-ru [SpTU III, 114A v 15; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 105:271ʹ]; see also [SpTU IV, 159:19 + Bemerk.]. (2) <sup>[mul]</sup>mu.bu.keš<sub>2</sub>.da = <sup>mul</sup>šudun [...] / <sup>[mul]</sup>šu.pa = <sup>mul</sup>šudun ... [CT 26, 48, K. 11306:2-3].
|<nowiki>Lexical texts. (1) Urra XXII series: mulšudu[n] = [ni-i-ru] [MSL XI, 30:26]; muldun4(instead of šudun) = ni-i-ru [SpTU III, 114A v 15; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 105:271ʹ]; see also [SpTU IV, 159:19 + Bemerk.]. (2) [mul]mu.bu.keš2.da = mulšudun [...] / [mul]šu.pa = mulšudun ... [CT 26, 48, K. 11306:2-3]. "Prayers to the Gods of the Night." Old Babylonian prayer: a) Erm. 15642: ni-ru-um "Yoke" [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:17], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; Soden 1936, 306]. EAE. See. [BPO 2, III 27-27a, 31-31a, VII i 3'-4', IX 6; BPO 3, 288; SpTU III, 101:12]. "Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)." Astrolabe B. List (12´3): (mul)šudun [Horowitz 2014, 39], see sh22ŠUDUN.IM.U18.LU. "Catalog of 30 stars". Ea 7. See b11BIR. MUL.APIN. Astrological predictions, see section V. "Reports" below. See. [ARAK, 350b]. "Great Star List and Miscellenia." List of names of Mars: mulšudun = dmin(= dṣal-bat-a-nu) "Yoke = Mars" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:102]. Lists of ziqpu stars. (1) AO 6478: (a) 1 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=šuqultu) | 8 UŠ i-na KI.MIN (= ina qaqqari) | 14 IGI 4 ME DANNA ina KI. MIN(=ina šamê) / ˹TA mul˺ŠUDUN EGIR | EN mulŠUDUN "1⅓ min in weight, 80 on the ground, 14400 miles in the sky from the Back of the Harness to the Yoke", (b) 1½ MA. NA KI.LA2 | 9 UŠ i-na qaq-qa-ri | 16 IGI 2 ME DANNA [i-na AN-e] / TA mulŠUDUN | EN mulŠUDUN.[ANŠE EGIR-ti] "1½ min of weight, 90 on the ground, 16200 miles [in the sky] / From the Yoke to the Back of the Harness" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:5-6, 217 r. 23-24; TU, 21 r. 23-24; HBA, 132-133; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229]. (2) VAT 16436: múlni-i-ri dEn-lil2 // 1 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ3 "Enlil's Yoke // 1 (star) // 7200 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:18]. (3) Sippar Planisphere: a) ˹8˺ UŠ a-na mu[lŠUDUN] "80 to [the Yoke]" (rev. 26), b) mulni-i-ri "Yoke," 2 points on the diagram (obv., Segment 5) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:1, 26, 176-178]. The text of LBAT 1502 obv. [...múlN]IN.MAḪ MUL2 AN.TA.GUB.BA | ŠUDUN ana ziq-pi 25 [...] "[Great] Lady — the star of Antagubba. The yoke culminates. 25 [...]" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76: i 8', ii 7']. See also: mul4ŠUDUN in the predictions [ACh Suppl. 2, 67 r. 1, 3-6, 10], mulŠUDUN [LBAT, 1556 ii 17ff.], múlŠUDUN [LBAT, 1566:3′, 5′, 7′].</nowiki>
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|'''"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."'''
Old Babylonian prayer: a) Erm. 15642: ni-ru-um "Yoke" [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:17], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; Soden 1936, 306].
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|'''EAE.'''
See. [BPO 2, III 27-27a, 31-31a, VII i 3'-4', IX 6; BPO 3, 288; SpTU III, 101:12].
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|'''"Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)."'''
Astrolabe B. List (12´3): <sup>(mul)</sup>šudun [Horowitz 2014, 39], see sh22[[ŠUDUN.IM.U18.LU|ŠUDUN.IM.U<sub>18</sub>.LU]].
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|'''"Catalog of 30 stars".'''
Ea 7. See b11[[BIR]].
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|'''MUL.APIN.'''
Astrological predictions, see section V.
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|'''"Reports"'''
below. See. [ARAK, 350b].
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|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."'''
List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>šudun = <sup>d</sup>min(= <sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu) "Yoke = Mars" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:102].
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|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.'''
(1) AO 6478: (a) 1 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=šuqultu) | 8 UŠ i-na KI.MIN (= ina qaqqari) | 14 IGI 4 ME DANNA ina KI. MIN(=ina šamê) / ˹TA <sup>mul</sup>˺ŠUDUN EGIR | EN <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN "1⅓ min in weight, 80 on the ground, 14400 miles in the sky from the Back of the Harness to the Yoke", (b) 1½ MA. NA KI.LA2 | 9 UŠ i-na qaq-qa-ri | 16 IGI 2 ME DANNA [i-na AN-e] / TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN | EN <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.[ANŠE EGIR-ti] "1½ min of weight, 90 on the ground, 16200 miles [in the sky] / From the Yoke to the Back of the Harness" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:5-6, 217 r. 23-24; TU, 21 r. 23-24; HBA, 132-133; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229]. (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>ni-i-ri <sup>d</sup>En-lil<sub>2</sub> // 1 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "Enlil's Yoke // 1 (star) // 7200 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:18]. (3) Sippar Planisphere: a) ˹8˺ UŠ a-na <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>ŠUDUN] "80 to [the Yoke]" (rev. 26), b) <sup>mul</sup>ni-i-ri "Yoke," 2 points on the diagram (obv., Segment 5) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:1, 26, 176-178].
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|'''The text of LBAT 1502 obv.'''
[...<sup>múl</sup>N]IN.MAḪ MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA | ŠUDUN ana ziq-pi 25 [...] "[Great] Lady — the star of Antagubba. The yoke culminates. 25 [...]" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76: i 8', ii 7']. See also: <sup>mul</sup>4ŠUDUN in the predictions [ACh Suppl. 2, 67 r. 1, 3-6, 10], <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN [LBAT, 1556 ii 17ff.], <sup>múl</sup>ŠUDUN [LBAT, 1566:3′, 5′, 7′].
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===Additional===
===Additional===
         II. Deity.
         '''II. Deity.'''


         Prayers and rituals. (1) The Old Babylonian Prayer to the Gods of the Night, see above. (2) The ritual nam.bur2.bi against errors in performing temple services: i-zi-za-nim-ma DINGIR.MEŠ mu-ši-tim / .../ mulŠUDUN A2.ZI.DA GUB.BA mulŠUDUN A2.GUB3.BU GUB. BA / i-šap-par-ku-nu-ši DINGIR ana LU2 LU2 ana DINGIR "Stand before me, gods of the night / .../ (Star) of the Yoke stands to the right (of me), (star) of the Yoke stands to the left (of me). / God sends you to man, man to god" and further "I have sent you to the god who eats my bread, who drinks my water", (i.e. to his personal god) [Caplice 1970, 127, 130:24]. E. Reiner cites this text as evidence for the mediating role of the stars between humankind and deities [Reiner 1995, 15]. (3) In the bīt mēseri series, cf. [Meier 1942, 142:17]. (4) Warning dreams: 'If he ditto (= in his dream ascends to heaven) and the Yoke constellation [...]'" [Oppenheim 1956, 282, 327:42]. (5) The royal sacrifice ina pān mulŠUDUN "before the Yoke," quoted from [CAD N/2, 264b]. Among its epithets: ni-i-ru muš-na-me-ru AN.MI "the Yoke that clears eclipses" [KAR I, Nr. 158 vii 45].
         Prayers and rituals. (1) The Old Babylonian Prayer to the Gods of the Night, see above. (2) The ritual nam.bur2.bi against errors in performing temple services: i-zi-za-nim-ma DINGIR.MEŠ mu-ši-tim / .../ mulŠUDUN A2.ZI.DA GUB.BA mulŠUDUN A2.GUB3.BU GUB. BA / i-šap-par-ku-nu-ši DINGIR ana LU2 LU2 ana DINGIR "Stand before me, gods of the night / .../ (Star) of the Yoke stands to the right (of me), (star) of the Yoke stands to the left (of me). / God sends you to man, man to god" and further "I have sent you to the god who eats my bread, who drinks my water", (i.e. to his personal god) [Caplice 1970, 127, 130:24]. E. Reiner cites this text as evidence for the mediating role of the stars between humankind and deities [Reiner 1995, 15]. (3) In the bīt mēseri series, cf. [Meier 1942, 142:17]. (4) Warning dreams: 'If he ditto (= in his dream ascends to heaven) and the Yoke constellation [...]'" [Oppenheim 1956, 282, 327:42]. (5) The royal sacrifice ina pān mulŠUDUN "before the Yoke," quoted from [CAD N/2, 264b]. Among its epithets: ni-i-ru muš-na-me-ru AN.MI "the Yoke that clears eclipses" [KAR I, Nr. 158 vii 45].


         III. Identification.
         '''III. Identification.'''


         As a constellation:
         As a constellation:
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         = α Bootis (Arcturus) [ASM, 86; Schaumberger 1952, 218, 229:I; Horowitz 1993, 156; 1994, 96, note 19].
         = α Bootis (Arcturus) [ASM, 86; Schaumberger 1952, 218, 229:I; Horowitz 1993, 156; 1994, 96, note 19].


         IV. Parts of the constellation and individual stars.
         '''IV. Parts of the constellation and individual stars.'''


         (1) SI mulŠUDUN "Horn of the Yoke," see s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 8.
         (1) SI mulŠUDUN "Horn of the Yoke," see s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 8.


         V. Astrology.
         '''V. Astrology.'''


         Identifications:
         Identifications:

Revision as of 19:12, 30 January 2025

mulŠUDUN is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Dictionary

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= nīru "Yoke"; 1) = constellation roughly corresponding to Bootes (Bootes), 2) = ziqpu I (α Bootis) [G. 379; BPO 2, 15; CAD N/2, 264], see also m27MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA, n45Nīru, sh17ŠU.PA.

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts. (1) Urra XXII series: mulšudu[n] = [ni-i-ru] [MSL XI, 30:26]; muldun4(instead of šudun) = ni-i-ru [SpTU III, 114A v 15; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 105:271ʹ]; see also [SpTU IV, 159:19 + Bemerk.]. (2) [mul]mu.bu.keš2.da = mulšudun [...] / [mul]šu.pa = mulšudun ... [CT 26, 48, K. 11306:2-3].
"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."

Old Babylonian prayer: a) Erm. 15642: ni-ru-um "Yoke" [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:17], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; Soden 1936, 306].

EAE.

See. [BPO 2, III 27-27a, 31-31a, VII i 3'-4', IX 6; BPO 3, 288; SpTU III, 101:12].

"Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)."

Astrolabe B. List (12´3): (mul)šudun [Horowitz 2014, 39], see sh22ŠUDUN.IM.U18.LU.

"Catalog of 30 stars".

Ea 7. See b11BIR.

MUL.APIN.

Astrological predictions, see section V.

"Reports"

below. See. [ARAK, 350b].

"Great Star List and Miscellenia."

List of names of Mars: mulšudun = dmin(= dṣal-bat-a-nu) "Yoke = Mars" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:102].

Lists of ziqpu stars.

(1) AO 6478: (a) 1 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=šuqultu) | 8 UŠ i-na KI.MIN (= ina qaqqari) | 14 IGI 4 ME DANNA ina KI. MIN(=ina šamê) / ˹TA mul˺ŠUDUN EGIR | EN mulŠUDUN "1⅓ min in weight, 80 on the ground, 14400 miles in the sky from the Back of the Harness to the Yoke", (b) 1½ MA. NA KI.LA2 | 9 UŠ i-na qaq-qa-ri | 16 IGI 2 ME DANNA [i-na AN-e] / TA mulŠUDUN | EN mulŠUDUN.[ANŠE EGIR-ti] "1½ min of weight, 90 on the ground, 16200 miles [in the sky] / From the Yoke to the Back of the Harness" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:5-6, 217 r. 23-24; TU, 21 r. 23-24; HBA, 132-133; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229]. (2) VAT 16436: múlni-i-ri dEn-lil2 // 1 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ3 "Enlil's Yoke // 1 (star) // 7200 cubits" [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:18]. (3) Sippar Planisphere: a) ˹8˺ UŠ a-na mu[lŠUDUN] "80 to [the Yoke]" (rev. 26), b) mulni-i-ri "Yoke," 2 points on the diagram (obv., Segment 5) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:1, 26, 176-178].

The text of LBAT 1502 obv.

[...múlN]IN.MAḪ MUL2 AN.TA.GUB.BA | ŠUDUN ana ziq-pi 25 [...] "[Great] Lady — the star of Antagubba. The yoke culminates. 25 [...]" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76: i 8', ii 7']. See also: mul4ŠUDUN in the predictions [ACh Suppl. 2, 67 r. 1, 3-6, 10], mulŠUDUN [LBAT, 1556 ii 17ff.], múlŠUDUN [LBAT, 1566:3′, 5′, 7′].

Additional

         II. Deity.

         Prayers and rituals. (1) The Old Babylonian Prayer to the Gods of the Night, see above. (2) The ritual nam.bur2.bi against errors in performing temple services: i-zi-za-nim-ma DINGIR.MEŠ mu-ši-tim / .../ mulŠUDUN A2.ZI.DA GUB.BA mulŠUDUN A2.GUB3.BU GUB. BA / i-šap-par-ku-nu-ši DINGIR ana LU2 LU2 ana DINGIR "Stand before me, gods of the night / .../ (Star) of the Yoke stands to the right (of me), (star) of the Yoke stands to the left (of me). / God sends you to man, man to god" and further "I have sent you to the god who eats my bread, who drinks my water", (i.e. to his personal god) [Caplice 1970, 127, 130:24]. E. Reiner cites this text as evidence for the mediating role of the stars between humankind and deities [Reiner 1995, 15]. (3) In the bīt mēseri series, cf. [Meier 1942, 142:17]. (4) Warning dreams: 'If he ditto (= in his dream ascends to heaven) and the Yoke constellation [...]'" [Oppenheim 1956, 282, 327:42]. (5) The royal sacrifice ina pān mulŠUDUN "before the Yoke," quoted from [CAD N/2, 264b]. Among its epithets: ni-i-ru muš-na-me-ru AN.MI "the Yoke that clears eclipses" [KAR I, Nr. 158 vii 45].

         III. Identification.

         As a constellation:

         = the Yoke corresponds to Bootes, especially to Arcturus [G. 379, I].

         = Bootes [ASM, 276; BPO 2, 15; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].

         As a ziqpu star:

         = α Bootis (Arcturus) [ASM, 86; Schaumberger 1952, 218, 229:I; Horowitz 1993, 156; 1994, 96, note 19].

         IV. Parts of the constellation and individual stars.

         (1) SI mulŠUDUN "Horn of the Yoke," see s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 8.

         V. Astrology.

         Identifications:

         (1) = Mercury; DIŠ mulŠUDUN (glossa: šu-du-un) ina E3-šu2 (glossa: a-ṣi-šu2) / [šu]-up-pu-pul-ma da-ʼi-im / [KUR] ar2-bu-tu2 il-la-ka / [mulŠUDU]N mulUDU. IDIM.GUD.UD... "If the Yoke, during its appearance, (stands) low and (it) is dim: [the country] will turn to ruins. [Yok]e = Mercury..." [ARAK, 73:1-4], see also (9).

         (2) = Jupiter; see (9)-(10) below, and also n45Nīru, II 1, s09SAG.ME.GAR, III 18.

         (3) = Mars; see "Great Star List and Miscellenia," and also ts02dṢalbatānu, V 22.

         (4) = Saturn (?); mulUDU.IDIM ni-ru ni-ru dNin-gi[r2-su...] "Planet = Yoke, Yoke Ningi[rsu...] [ACh Ištar, 33:11].

         (5) = Shupa; see above, and also sh17ŠU.PA, IV 3.

         (6) = Giant; mulŠUDUN = mulGU.LA, see s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 3.

         (7) = Goat-Fish; see s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 6.

         (8) = Yoke of Akkad = Shupa; mulŠUDUN KUR.URIki = mulŠU.PA / "Yoke of Akkad = Shupa, " [LBAT, 1577 i 4′].

         Predications:

         (9) Yoke's visibility during its appearance (= heliacal rising); DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 da-ʼi-im A. KAL up-pu<-lu> E3 "If the Yoke is dim during its appearance: a late flood will come" (MUL APIN II Gap B 7) [MA, 118]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 it-ta-na-an-paḫ A.KAL Car-pu "If the Yoke flares up during its appearance: the flood will come early" (MUL. APIN II Gap B 8) [MA, 118]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 GIM IZI it-ta-na-na-an-paḫ BURU14 SI.SA2 "If the Yoke flashes like fire during his appearance: harvest will be abundant" (MUL APIN II iv 1) [MA, 119]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 šup-pul-ma da-ʼi-im A. KAL NU GAL2 "If the Yoke, during its appearance, (stands) low and dim: there will be no flood" (MUL APIN II iv 2) [MA, 119]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 ana dUTU.ŠU2.A IGI-šu2 GAR-nu imMAR.TU ZI-ma / ana imU18. LU is-ḫur ina itiKIN UD 10 KAM šal-pu2-ti KUR GAR-an "If the Yoke turns to the west during its appearance, (and with that) the west wind blows and changes direction to become the south wind: on the 10th day of ulul, the country will undergo destruction" (MUL APIN II iv 3-4) [MA, 119]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 ana dUTU. TU.TU IGI-šu2 GAR-nu IGI AN-e IGI.BAR-ma / IM mim-ma la i-zi-iq SU.KU2 GAR-an BAL NAM.GILIM.MA / ša2 I-bi2-dSin LUGAL ŠEŠ. UNUGki ša2 ka-mu-us-su / a-na An-ša-anki DU-ku ERIN2-šu2 EGIR-šu2 i-bak-ku-u2 KIMIN i-ma-aq-qu-tu "If the Yoke, during its appearance towards the east?, is turned around (and) the sky is observed, and the wind does not blow: there will be famine, the dynasty will cease; an omen of Ibbi-Suen, king of Ur, who was led away in chains to Anshan; his troops mourn for him, var.: perish" (MUL APIN II iv 5-8) [MA, 120-121], see also [ACh Ištar, 21:4-15; Suppl. 2, 67 r. 1-15; Sin, 19:3-4; ARAK, 546:4-7; BPO 3, 90, K.3111+:8; 248, K.2346+:47]. In some of the predictions cited, the following identities are assumed: mulŠUDUN = dSAG.ME.GAR : dGU4.UD "Yoke = Jupiter, var.: Mercury", cf. [ACh Ištar, 21:2, 10-11, 14-15].

         (10) The Dark Star before the Yoke; DIŠ ina IGI mulŠUDUN mulGI6 IGI GI.NA [...] / ina IGI dSAG.ME.GAR dSAG.UŠ [GUB ...] "If the Dark Star is seen before the Yoke (during its appearance): justice [...], (this means): before Jupiter Saturn [stands ...]" [ACh Ištar, 21:18-19].

         (11) The moon is surrounded by a halo and in it stands the yoke (= Mars); see ts02dṢalbatānu, V 22.

         (12) The Yoke stands within the Moon; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina ŠA3 d30 GUB [...] "If the Yoke (=planet?) stands within the Moon: [...] [ACh Ištar, 21:20].

         (13) Venus comes close to the horn of the Yoke; see s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 8.

         (14) Venus shimmers and turns toward the Yoke; DIŠ mulDil-bat SUR-ma ana mulŠUDUN NIGIN2 da-gi-lu id-gu-lu a-mi-ru e-mu-ru ... "If Venus shimmers and turns? toward the Yoke (and) observers see (it), the observers observe (it? ): the country will be destroyed, dynasties will be changed, women will fall from (the blows of) weapons or will kill men with weapons, dogs will become furious and bite people." [BPO 3, 52, VAT 10218:124]; DIŠ mulDil-bat SUR-ma ana IGI mulŠUDUN DU-iz DUMU LUGAL AD-šu2 GAZ-ma AŠ.TE DIB-bat "If Venus shimmers and stands before the Yoke: the king's son will kill his father and seize the throne" [BPO 3, 52, VAT 10218:125].

         (15) The Stars reach the Yoke; DIŠ MUL.MUL mulŠUDUN KUR-ud ina MU BI GAN2.BA TUR-er [...] "If the Stars reach the Yoke: business activity will decrease this year[...]" [SpTU III, 101:12], see also [TU, 11:5; CAD N/2, 264b].

         (16) A shooting star enters the boundaries of the Yoke;DIŠ MUL TA imMAR SUR-ma ana ŠA3 dNi-ri TU ḪI.GAR GAL2 "If a star flares in the west and enters the boundaries of the Yoke: there will be rebellion" (MUL APIN II iii 43) [MA, 115].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022) Gössmann (1950)
= nīru «Ярмо»; 1) = созвездие, приблизительно соответствующее Волопасу (Bootes), 2) = ziqpu I (α Bootis) [G. 379; BPO 2, 15; CAD N/2, 264], см. также m27MU.BU.KEŠ2.DA, n45Nīru, sh17ŠU.PA.

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Urra XXII: mulšudu[n] = [ni-i-ru] [MSL XI, 30:26]; muldun4(вместо šudun) = ni-i-ru [SpTU III, 114A v 15; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 105:271ʹ]; см. также [SpTU IV, 159:19 + Bemerk.]. (2) [mul]mu.bu.keš2.da = mulšudun […] / [mul]šu.pa = mulšudun … [CT 26, 48, K. 11306:2–3]. «Молитвы ночным богам». Старовавилонская молитва: a) Erm. 15642: ni-ru-um «Ярмо» [Horowitz 2000, 196–197:17], а также [Шилейко 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; Soden 1936, 306]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, III 27–27a, 31–31a, VII i 3'–4', IX 6; BPO 3, 288; SpTU III, 101:12]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe B. Список (12´3): (mul)šudun [Horowitz 2014, 39], см. sh22ŠUDUN.IM.U18.LU. «Каталог 30 звезд». Ea 7. См. b11BIR. MUL.APIN. Астрологические предсказания, см. ниже раздел V. «Рапорты». См. [ARAK, 350b]. «Большой список звезд». Список имен Марса: mulšudun = dmin(= dṣal-bat-a-nu) «Ярмо = Марс» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:102]. Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) 1 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=šuqultu) | 8 UŠ i-na KI.MIN (= ina qaqqari) | 14 IGI 4 ME DANNA ina KI.MIN(=ina šamê) / ˹TA mul˺ŠUDUN EGIR | EN mulŠUDUN «1⅓ мины веса, 80 на земле, 14400 миль на небе от Задней части Упряжи до Ярма», b) 1½ MA.NA KI.LA2 | 9 UŠ i-na qaq-qa-ri | 16 IGI 2 ME DANNA [i-na AN-e] / TA mulŠUDUN | EN mulŠUDUN.[ANŠE EGIR-ti] «1½ мины веса, 90 на земле, 16200 миль [на небе] / От Ярма до Задней части Упряжи» [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:5–6, 217 r. 23–24; TU, 21 r. 23–24; HBA, 132–133; Schaumberger  1952, 228–229]. (2) VAT 16436: múlni-i-ri dEn-lil2 // 1 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ3 «Ярмо Энлиля // 1 (звезда) // 7200 локтей» [Schaumberger 1952, 226–227:18]. (3) Sippar Planisphere: a) ˹8˺ UŠ a-na mu[lŠUDUN] «80 до [Ярма]» (rev. 26), b) mulni-i-ri «Ярмо», на диаграмме 2 точки (obv., Segment 5) [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 171–173:1, 26, 176–178]. Текст LBAT 1502 obv. […múlN]IN.MAḪ MUL2 AN.TA.GUB.BA | ŠUDUN ana ziq-pi 25 […] «[Вели]ая Госпожа — звезда Антагубба. Ярмо кульминирует. 25 […]» [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 76: i 8', ii 7']. См. также: mul4ŠUDUN в предсказаниях [ACh Suppl. 2, 67 r. 1, 3–6, 10], mulŠUDUN [LBAT, 1556 ii 17ff.], múlŠUDUN [LBAT, 1566:3′, 5′, 7′].

II. Божество.

Молитвы и ритуалы. (1) Старовавилонская молитва ночным богам, см. выше. (2) Ритуал nam.bur2.bi против ошибок при совершении храмовых служб:  i-zi-za-nim-ma DINGIR.MEŠ mu-ši-tim / …/ mulŠUDUN A2.ZI.DA GUB.BA mulŠUDUN A2.GUB3.BU GUB.BA / i-šap-par-ku-nu-ši DINGIR ana LU2 LU2 ana DINGIR «Встаньте передо мной, боги ночи / …/ (Звезда) Ярмо стоит справа (от меня), (звезда) Ярмо стоит слева (от меня). / Бог посылает тебя к человеку, человек к богу» и далее «Я послал тебя к богу, который ест мой хлеб, который пьет мою воду», (т.е. к своему личному богу) [Caplice 1970, 127, 130:24]. Э.Райнер приводит этот текст как свидетельство о посреднической роли звезд в отношениях между человеком и божествами [Reiner 1995, 15]. (3) В серии bīt mēseri, см. [Meier 1942, 142:17]. (4) Предупреждающие сны: «Если он ditto (= в своем сне восходит на небо) и созвездие Ярмо […]» [Oppenheim 1956, 282, 327:42]. (5) Царское жертвоприношение ina pān mulŠUDUN «перед Ярмом», цит. по [CAD N/2, 264b]. Среди его эпитетов: ni-i-ru muš-na-me-ru AN.MI «Ярмо, проясняющее затмения» [KAR I, Nr. 158 vii 45].

III. Отождествление.

Как созвездие:

= Ярмо соответствует Волопасу, в особенности Арктуру [G. 379, I].

= Bootes [ASM, 276; BPO 2, 15; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].

Как ziqpu-звезда:

= α Bootis (Арктур) [ASM, 86; Schaumberger 1952, 218, 229:I; Horowitz 1993, 156; 1994, 96, note 19].

IV. Части созвездия и отдельные звезды.

(1) SI mulŠUDUN «Рог Ярма», см. s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 8.

V. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1) = Меркурий; DIŠ mulŠUDUN (глосса: šu-du-un) ina E3-šu2 (глосса: a-ṣi-šu2) / [šu]-up-pu-ul-ma da-ʼi-im / [KUR] ar2-bu-tu2 il-la-ka / [mulŠUDU]N mulUDU.IDIM.GUD.UD… «Если Ярмо при своем появлении (стоит) низко и (оно) тусклое: [страна] обратится в руины. [Ярм]о = Меркурий…» [ARAK, 73:1–4], см. также (9).

(2) = Юпитер; см. ниже (9)–(10), а также n45Nīru, II 1,  s09SAG.ME.GAR, III 18.

(3) = Марс; см. «Большой список звезд», а также ts02dṢalbatānu, V 22.

(4) = Сатурн (?); mulUDU.IDIM ni-ru ni-ru dNin-gi[r2-su…] «Планета = Ярмо, Ярмо Нинги[рсу…] [ACh Ištar, 33:11].

(5) = Шупа; см. выше, а также sh17ŠU.PA, IV 3.

(6) = Великан; mulŠUDUN = mulGU.LA, см. s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 3.

(7) = Коза-Рыба; см. s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 6.

(8) = Ярмо Аккада = Шупа; mulŠUDUN KUR.URIki = mulŠU.PA / «Ярмо Аккада = Шупа, « [LBAT, 1577 i 4′].

Предсказания:

(9) Видимость Ярма при его появлении (= гелиакическом восходе); DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 da-ʼi-im A.KAL up-pu<-lu> E3 «Если Ярмо при своем появлении тусклое: придет позднее наводнение» (MUL APIN II Gap B 7) [MA, 118]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 it-ta-na-an-paḫ A.KAL Car-pu «Если Ярмо вспыхивает при своем появлении: наводнение будет ранним» (MUL.APIN II Gap B 8) [MA, 118]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 GIM IZI it-ta-na-an-paḫ BURU14 SI.SA2 «Если Ярмо вспыхивает, как огонь, при своем появлении: урожай будет изобильным» (MUL APIN II iv 1) [MA, 119]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 šup-pul-ma da-ʼi-im A.KAL NU GAL2 «Если Ярмо при своем появлении (стоит) низко и тусклое: наводнения не будет» (MUL APIN II iv 2) [MA, 119]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 ana dUTU.ŠU2.A IGI-šu2 GAR-nu imMAR.TU ZI-ma / ana imU18.LU is-ḫur ina itiKIN UD 10 KAM šal-pu2-ti KUR GAR-an «Если Ярмо при своем появлении на запад обращено, (при этом) западный ветер дует и переходит в южный: 10-го улулу страна подвергнется разрушению» (MUL APIN II iv 3–4) [MA, 119]; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina E3-šu2 ana dUTU.TU.TU IGI-šu2 GAR-nu IGI AN-e IGI.BAR-ma / IM mim-ma la i-zi-iq SU.KU2 GAR-an BAL NAM.GILIM.MA / ša2 I-bi2-dSin LUGAL ŠEŠ.UNUGki ša2 ka-mu-us-su / a-na An-ša-anki DU-ku ERIN2-šu2 EGIR-šu2 i-bak-ku-u2 KIMIN i-ma-aq-qu-tu «Если Ярмо при своем появлении на восток? обращено (и) небо обозревает, и ветер не дует: будет голод, династия прекратится; предзнаменование Ибби-Суэна, царя Ура, который в оковах был отведен в Аншан; войска его оплакивают его, вар.: погибают» (MUL APIN II iv 5–8) [MA, 120–121], см. также [ACh Ištar, 21:4–15; Suppl. 2, 67 r. 1–15; Sin, 19:3–4; ARAK, 546:4–7; BPO 3, 90, K.3111+:8; 248, K.2346+:47]. В некоторых из приведенных предсказаний, предполагаются тождества: mulŠUDUN = dSAG.ME.GAR : dGU4.UD «Ярмо = Юпитер, вар.: Меркурий», см. [ACh Ištar, 21:2, 10–11, 14–15].

(10) Темная звезда перед Ярмом; DIŠ ina IGI mulŠUDUN mulGI6 IGI GI.NA […] / ina IGI dSAG.ME.GAR dSAG.UŠ [GUB …] «Если перед Ярмом (при его появлении) Темная звезда видна: справедливость […], (это означает): перед Юпитером Сатурн [стоит …]» [ACh Ištar, 21:18–19].

(11) Луна окружена гало и в нем Ярмо (= Марс) стоит; см. ts02dṢalbatānu, V 22.

(12) Ярмо внутри Луны стоит; DIŠ mulŠUDUN ina ŠA3 d30 GUB […] «Если Ярмо (=планета?) внутри Луны стоит: […] [ACh Ištar, 21:20].

(13) Венера подходит близко к рогу Ярма; см. s24SUḪUR.MAŠ2, VI 8.

(14) Венера мерцает и поворачивает к Ярму; DIŠ mulDil-bat SUR-ma ana mulŠUDUN NIGIN2 da-gi-lu id-gu-lu a-mi-ru e-mu-ru … «Если Венера мерцает и поворачивает? к Ярму (и) те, кто наблюдают, видят (это), наблюдатели наблюдают (это?): страна будет уничтожена, династия сменится, женщины будут падать от (ударов) оружия или будут убивать мужчин при помощи оружия, собаки придут в бешенство и будут кусать людей» [BPO 3, 52, VAT 10218:124]; DIŠ mulDil-bat SUR-ma ana IGI mulŠUDUN DU-iz DUMU LUGAL AD-šu2 GAZ-ma AŠ.TE DIB-bat «Если Венера мерцает и перед Ярмом стоит: царский сын убьет своего отца и захватит трон» [BPO 3, 52, VAT 10218:125].

(15) Звезды достигают Ярма; DIŠ MUL.MUL mulŠUDUN KUR-ud ina MU BI GAN2.BA TUR-er […] «Если Звезды достигают Ярма: в этом году деловая активность уменьшится […]» [SpTU III, 101:12], см. также [TU, 11:5; CAD N/2, 264b].

(16) Падающая звезда входит в пределы Ярма; DIŠ MUL TA imMAR SUR-ma ana ŠA3 dNi-ri TU ḪI.GAR GAL2 «Если звезда вспыхивает на западе и входит в пределы Ярма: будет мятеж» (MUL APIN II iii 43) [MA, 115].

Example

References