ḪE2.GAL2-a-a: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>''-a-a''}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>''-a-a''}}


<sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a-a'' (𒀯𒃶𒅅𒀀𒀀; ''Hegallajû'') is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. The literal meaning is "The Asterism of Abundance" and it is typically in the area or vicinity of [[Bootes]]. The references to twilight visibility suggests an identification with [[Arcturus]], the brightest star of the northern hemisphere. However, it could also refer to the star [[Cor Caroli]], which stands in a rather dark area. Yet, the meaning of the abundance can also be cultural, e.g. the abundance of harvest or anything that happens in a specific season. Thus, the exact identification remains uncertain with another suggested possibility being a star-cluster in [[Coma Berenices]] (being in particular likely as this is a multitude of stars - like the Arabic "thurayya" ≈ 'abundance' refers to another star cluster that is obviously a larger number of objects - and this star cluster is also associated with the date harvest<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2024). Standing and Sitting Gods of MUL.APIN, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 27(2), 261-272</ref>)'''.'''
<sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a-a'' (𒀯𒃶𒅅𒀀𒀀; ''Hegallajû'') is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. The literal meaning is "The Asterism of Abundance" and it is typically in the area or vicinity of [[Bootes]]. The references to twilight visibility suggests an identification with [[Arcturus]], the brightest star of the northern hemisphere. However, it could also refer to the star [[Cor Caroli]], which stands in a rather dark area. Yet, the meaning of the abundance can also be cultural, e.g. the abundance of harvest or anything that happens in a specific season. Thus, the exact identification remains uncertain with another suggested possibility being a star-cluster in [[Coma Berenices]] (being in particular likely as this is a multitude of stars - like the Arabic "thurayya" ≈ 'abundance' refers to another star cluster that is obviously a larger number of objects - and this star cluster is also associated with the date harvest)<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2024). Standing and Sitting Gods of MUL.APIN, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 27(2), 261-272</ref>'''.'''
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
=== Krebernik (2023) ===
=== Krebernik (2023) ===
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* <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫe''<sub>2</sub>-''gal''<sub>2</sub>''-a-a-u''<sub>2</sub>,
* <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫe''<sub>2</sub>-''gal''<sub>2</sub>''-a-a-u''<sub>2</sub>,
* <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫegallajû'';
* <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫegallajû'';
* = ''kakkab nuḫši'' "Asterism of Abundance"; part of [[Coma Berenices]]? [AHw, 339-340; CAD Ḫ, 167ff.; BPO 2, 12; G. 185; Tallqvist 1938, 322].
* = ''kakkab nuḫši'' "Asterism of Abundance"; part of [[Coma Berenices]]? [AHw<ref>''Soden von W''. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.</ref>, 339-340; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Ḫ, 167ff.; BPO 2<ref name=":0">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 12; Gössmann<ref name=":1">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 185; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 322].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
|'''EAE.'''
|'''EAE.'''
See. [BPO 2, IX 7 + Parallels].
See. [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, IX 7 + Parallels].
|Example
|Example
|-
|-
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* (1) The list of the stars of Enlil (no. 13):
* (1) The list of the stars of Enlil (no. 13):
** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫe''<sub>2</sub>''-gal''<sub>2</sub>''-a-a-u''<sub>2</sub> SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Nin-lil''<sub>2</sub>
** MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫe''<sub>2</sub>''-gal''<sub>2</sub>''-a-a-u''<sub>2</sub> SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Nin-lil''<sub>2</sub>
** "The asterism that stands ahead of it (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA), the asterism of Abundance: the messenger of Ninlil" (I i 13), for a parallel see. [Horowitz 1989-90, 116, BM 54817:2'].
** "The asterism that stands ahead of it (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA), the asterism of Abundance: the messenger of Ninlil" (I i 13), for a parallel see. [Horowitz 1989-90<ref>''Horowitz W.'' Two Mul-Apin Fragments // AfO. 1989-90. Bd. XXXVI/XXXVII. S. 116-117.</ref>, 116, BM 54817:2'].
* (2) List of ziqpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫe''<sub>2</sub>-''gal''<sub>2</sub>-''la-a-a'' in the last place (I iv 6) [MA, 22, 59].
* (2) List of ziqpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>''Ḫe''<sub>2</sub>-''gal''<sub>2</sub>-''la-a-a'' in the last place (I iv 6) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 22, 59].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''The list of stars V R 46, 1:9.'''
|'''The list of stars V R 46, 1:9.'''
* <sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>.A.A = <sup>d</sup>NE.ZIL.LA<sub>2</sub> (Wee 2016: 162).
* <sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>.A.A = <sup>d</sup>NE.ZIL.LA<sub>2</sub> (Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>: 162).
|
|
|-
|-
|'''New Year ritual in Babylon.'''
|'''New Year ritual in Babylon.'''
* <sup>múl</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a mul nu-uḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> "Hegalu's Asterism-the Asterism of Abundance." [RAcc. 139:328; Linssen 2004, 221:328; CAD N/2, 320].
* <sup>múl</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a mul nu-uḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> "Hegalu's Asterism-the Asterism of Abundance." [RAcc.<ref>''Thureau-Dansin F''. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.</ref> 139:328; Linssen 2004<ref>''Linssen, Marc J.H.'' The Cults of Uruk and Babylon : The Temple Ritual Texts as Evidence for Hellenistic Cult Practises. Vol. 25. Cuneiform Monographs. Leiden, Boston : Brill, Styx. 2004. </ref>, 221:328; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> N/2, 320].
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==== II. Identification. ====
==== II. Identification. ====
          = Coma Berenices [G. 185].
          = Coma Berenices [Gössmann<ref name=":1" /> 185].


          = Bootis [Weidner 1957-59, 78].
          = Bootis [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 78].


          = Part of Comae Berenices (?) [BPO 2, 12].
          = Part of Comae Berenices (?) [BPO 2, 12].
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===== Identifications: =====
===== Identifications: =====
          (1) = Venus; cf. [Bezold 1920<ref>Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.</ref>, 111:85; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 139].
          (1) = Venus; cf. [Bezold 1920, 111:85; Reiner 1995, 139].


===== Predictions: =====
===== Predictions: =====
          (2) Risings in the month of Tashritu; <sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a-a'' SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Nin-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣar-pa-ni-tum ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> IGI-''mar'' "The Asterism of Abundance, the messenger of Ninlil and Zarpanit, rising helically in the month of Tashritu" [BPO 2, IX 7], see also comments [ibid., 53].
          (2) Risings in the month of Tashritu; <sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a-a'' SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Nin-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣar-pa-ni-tum ina'' <sup>iti</sup>DU<sub>6</sub> IGI-''mar'' "The Asterism of Abundance, the messenger of Ninlil and Zarpanit, rising helically in the month of Tashritu" [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, IX 7], see also comments [ibid.<ref name=":0" />, 53].


         (3) The Asterism of Abundance approaches the Goat; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a-a'' SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Nin-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub> TE LUGAL GAL ''ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši a-la-la'' DUG<sub>3</sub>.GA ''ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>GIR<sub>3</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Nisaba ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub> "If the Asterism of Abundance, the messenger of Ninlil, approaches the asterism of the Goat: the country will have a great king, the country will have cries of joy during work, there will be cattle and grain in the country." [BPO 2, 57, Parallels IX 7].
         (3) The Asterism of Abundance approaches the Goat; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>ḪE<sub>2</sub>.GAL<sub>2</sub>-''a-a'' SUKKAL <sup>d</sup>''Nin-lil''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub> TE LUGAL GAL ''ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>-''ši a-la-la'' DUG<sub>3</sub>.GA ''ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>GIR<sub>3</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>''Nisaba ina'' KUR GAL<sub>2</sub> "If the Asterism of Abundance, the messenger of Ninlil, approaches the asterism of the Goat: the country will have a great king, the country will have cries of joy during work, there will be cattle and grain in the country." [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, 57, Parallels IX 7].


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==

Latest revision as of 11:07, 20 September 2025


mulḪE2.GAL2-a-a (𒀯𒃶𒅅𒀀𒀀; Hegallajû) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. The literal meaning is "The Asterism of Abundance" and it is typically in the area or vicinity of Bootes. The references to twilight visibility suggests an identification with Arcturus (Ἀρκτοῦρος), the brightest star of the northern hemisphere. However, it could also refer to the star Cor Caroli, which stands in a rather dark area. Yet, the meaning of the abundance can also be cultural, e.g. the abundance of harvest or anything that happens in a specific season. Thus, the exact identification remains uncertain with another suggested possibility being a star-cluster in Coma Berenices (πλόκαμος) (being in particular likely as this is a multitude of stars - like the Arabic "thurayya" ≈ 'abundance' refers to another star cluster that is obviously a larger number of objects - and this star cluster is also associated with the date harvest)[1].

Concordance, Etymology, History

Krebernik (2023)

The spelling consists of the sumerogram ḪÉ.ĜÁL “abundance” and the Akk. adjective ending (‘nisbah’) -āyu. The reading is probably ḫe(n)-gallāyu. Also called kakkab nuḫši “star of abundance”. mulḪÉ.ĜÁL-a-a-ú.

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var. records of the name:

Sources Identifications
EAE.

See. [BPO 2[4], IX 7 + Parallels].

Example
MUL.APIN.
  • (1) The list of the stars of Enlil (no. 13):
    • MUL ša2 ina IGI-šu2 GUB-zu mulḪe2-gal2-a-a-u2 SUKKAL dNin-lil2
    • "The asterism that stands ahead of it (i.e. mulŠU.PA), the asterism of Abundance: the messenger of Ninlil" (I i 13), for a parallel see. [Horowitz 1989-90[7], 116, BM 54817:2'].
  • (2) List of ziqpu-stars: mulḪe2-gal2-la-a-a in the last place (I iv 6) [MA[8], 22, 59].
The list of stars V R 46, 1:9.
  • mulḪE2.GAL2.A.A = dNE.ZIL.LA2 (Wee 2016[9]: 162).
New Year ritual in Babylon.
  • múlḪE2.GAL2-a mul nu-uḫ-šu2 "Hegalu's Asterism-the Asterism of Abundance." [RAcc.[10] 139:328; Linssen 2004[11], 221:328; CAD[12] N/2, 320].

Additional

II. Identification.

          = Coma Berenices [Gössmann[5] 185].

          = Bootis [Weidner 1957-59[13], 78].

          = Part of Comae Berenices (?) [BPO 2, 12].

          = β Comae Berenices(?) [MA, 137, 142; ASM, 271].

III. Astrology.

Identifications:

          (1) = Venus; cf. [Bezold 1920[14], 111:85; Reiner 1995[15], 139].

Predictions:

          (2) Risings in the month of Tashritu; mulḪE2.GAL2-a-a SUKKAL dNin-lil2 u dṢar-pa-ni-tum ina itiDU6 IGI-mar "The Asterism of Abundance, the messenger of Ninlil and Zarpanit, rising helically in the month of Tashritu" [BPO 2[4], IX 7], see also comments [ibid.[4], 53].

         (3) The Asterism of Abundance approaches the Goat; DIŠ mulḪE2.GAL2-a-a SUKKAL dNin-lil2 ana mulUZ3 TE LUGAL GAL ina KUR GAL2-ši a-la-la DUG3.GA ina KUR GAL2 dGIR3 u dNisaba ina KUR GAL2 "If the Asterism of Abundance, the messenger of Ninlil, approaches the asterism of the Goat: the country will have a great king, the country will have cries of joy during work, there will be cattle and grain in the country." [BPO 2[4], 57, Parallels IX 7].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, h05) Gössmann (1950)
вар. записи названия: mulḪE2.GAL2-a, mulḪe2-gal2-a-a-u2, mulḪegallajû; = kakkab nuḫši «Звезда Изобилия»; часть созвездия Волосы Вероники (Coma Berenices)(?) [AHw, 339–340; CAD Ḫ, 167ff.; BPO 2, 12; G. 185; Tallqvist 1938, 322].

I. Источники.

EAE. См. [BPO 2, IX 7 + Parallels]. MUL.APIN. (1) Список звезд Энлиля (№ 13): MUL ša2 ina IGI-šu2 GUB-zu mulḪe2-gal2-a-a-u2 SUKKAL dNin-lil2 «Звезда, которая впереди нее (т.е. mulŠU.PA) стоит, звезда Изобилия: посланник Нинлиль» (I i 13), параллель см. [Horowitz 1989–90, 116, BM 54817:2']. (2) Список ziqpu-звезд: mulḪe2-gal2-la-a-a на последнем месте (I iv 6) [MA, 22, 59]. Список звезд V R 46, 1:9. mulḪE2.GAL2.A.A = dNE.ZIL.LA2 «Обильный = ne-zilla» , см. [Litke 1998, 164:249; Tallqvist 1938, 389]. Новогодний ритуал в Вавилоне. múlḪE2.GAL2-a mul nu-uḫ-šu2  «Звезда  Хегалу – Звезда-Изобилие» [RAcc. 139:328; Linssen 2004, 221:328; CAD N/2, 320].

II. Отождествление.

= Coma Berenices [G. 185].

= Bootis [Weidner 1957–59, 78].

= часть Comae Berenices (?) [BPO 2, 12].

= β Comae Berenices(?) [MA, 137, 142; ASM, 271].

III. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1)  = Венера; см. [Bezold 1920, 111:85; Reiner 1995, 139].

Предсказания:

(2) Восход в месяце ташриту; mulḪE2.GAL2-a-a SUKKAL dNin-lil2 u dṢar-pa-ni-tum ina itiDU6 IGI-mar «Звезда Изобилия, посланник Нинлиль и Царпаниту, в месяце ташриту гелиакически восходит» [BPO 2, IX 7], см. также комментарии [ibid., 53].

(3) Звезда Изобилия приближается к Козе; DIŠ mulḪE2.GAL2-a-a SUKKAL dNin-lil2 ana mulUZ3 TE LUGAL GAL ina KUR GAL2-ši a-la-la DUG3.GA ina KUR GAL2 dGIR3 u dNisaba ina KUR GAL2 «Если Звезда Изобилия, посланник Нинлиль, к звезде Коза приближается: великий царь в стране будет, крик радости при работе в стране будет, скот и зерно в стране будут» [BPO 2, 57, Parallels IX 7].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Hoffmann, S.M. (2024). Standing and Sitting Gods of MUL.APIN, Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 27(2), 261-272
  2. ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
  3. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  6. ↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
  7. ↑ Horowitz W. Two Mul-Apin Fragments // AfO. 1989-90. Bd. XXXVI/XXXVII. S. 116-117.
  8. ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  9. ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
  10. ↑ Thureau-Dansin F. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.
  11. ↑ Linssen, Marc J.H. The Cults of Uruk and Babylon : The Temple Ritual Texts as Evidence for Hellenistic Cult Practises. Vol. 25. Cuneiform Monographs. Leiden, Boston : Brill, Styx. 2004.
  12. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  13. ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
  14. ↑ Antike Beobachtungen farbiger Sterne von Franz Boll. Mit einem Beitrag von Carl Bezold // Abhandlungen der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philos.- philolog.-hist. Kl. 1920. Bd. 30. S. 1-164.
  15. ↑ Reiner E. Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.
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