AB.SIN: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>, ABSIN (𒀊𒉆)}}
there are two terms in Babylonian astral science: AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> and ABSIN. It is not always clear whether they refer to the same constellation but we list them together here because the terms are homophonous
[[File:Vir Tontafel thureauDangin1922.jpg|alt=clay drawing of goddess Shala facing the Raven at the tip of the tail of a huge snake.|thumb|Drawing of the tablet AO 6448 with the goddess in constellation Virgo carrying an ear of grain. ]]
There are two terms in Babylonian astral science: AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> (Kurtik a06) and ABSIN (Kurtik a07). It is not always clear whether they refer to the same constellation but we list them together here because the terms are homophonous


==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==

=== Krebernik (2023) ===
'''Šala.''' Goddess, wife of the storm god Iškur/Adad, associated with rain:

* <sup>d</sup>''Ša-la'' ''šu-bu-ul-tu<sub>4</sub>'' (AN 15r),
* Shala, the stalk/ ear/ spike of grain.

===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
<sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> (137) = še/irsu "the Furrow," [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; G. 4].
<sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> (137) = ''še/irsu'' "the Furrow," [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; G. 4].




ABSIN is a later version of the name for <sup>mul</sup>AB-SIN<sub>2</sub> = še/irsu "the Furrow" (K a06, G 137), but not necessarily consisting of the same exact set of stars.


ABSIN is a later version of the name for <sup>mul</sup>AB-SIN<sub>2</sub> = ''še/irsu'' "the Furrow" (Kurtik a06, Gössmann 137), but not necessarily consisting of the same exact set of stars.
Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>KI.AŠ.AŠ, <sup>mul</sup>KI.DILI.DILI, <sup>mul</sup>KI.DIDLI, <sup>mul</sup>KI.DAL; var. designations: ABSIN0(KI); = šersu "Furrow". [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; Ungnad 257; G. 4]. On the probable translation of ABSIN "Barley Stalk" see [Sachs 1952 146]. [Sachs 1952a 146, note 3]. Constellation and zodiacal sign <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> "Beard" (= Virgo) in later astronomical and astrological texts.


Var. reading:

* <sup>mul</sup>KI.AŠ.AŠ,
* <sup>mul</sup>KI.DILI.DILI,
* <sup>mul</sup>KI.DIDLI,
* <sup>mul</sup>KI.ḪAL

var. designations:

* ABSIN<sub>0</sub><sup>(KI)</sup>; = ''šeru'' "Furrow". [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; Ungnad 257; G. 4].
* On the probable translation of ABSIN "Barley Stalk" see [Sachs 1952 146]. [Sachs 1952a 146, note 3].
* Constellation and zodiacal sign <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> "Furrow" (= Virgo) in later astronomical and astrological texts.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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!Sources!!Identifications
!Sources!!Identifications
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==== AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ====
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|'''Lexical texts.'''
|'''Lexical texts.'''
* Series DC XXII: mulab.sin2 = ši-ir-su "Beard." [SpTU III, 114A v 109].
* Series DC XXII: <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> = ''ši-ir-'u'' "Furrow." [SpTU III, 114A v 109], Urra 22: 302
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* Urra 22: 302:
|Example
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|'''EAE.'''
|'''EAE.'''
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|'''"Three Stars Each” (astrolabes)'''
|'''"Astrolabes.”'''
* Text Nv. 10
* '''Three Stars Each'''
** <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> like the star of Anu in the months of ''Kislimu'' and ''Tebetu'' (Obv. 6, 10), and as the asterism AN.TA.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.UR.RA in the month ''Simanu'' (Rev. 31) [Donbaz-Koch 65-66].
** The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. A list of the 12 asterisms of Anu (no. 9): [mul]ab.sin2 [CT 33, 9 r. 12; MCG 17 "Letters" and "Reports." See. [LABS, 224:10, 206:9; ARAK, 82 r. 8, 295 r. 2, 325:2, 378:5].

* '''Text Nv. 10.'''
* CT 33, 9.
** mulAB.SIN2 like the star of Anu in the months of kislim and tebet (Obv. 6, 10), and as the asterism AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA in the month siman (Rev. 31) [Donbaz-Koch 65-66].
** The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. A list of the 12 asterisms of Anu (no. 9): <sup>[mul]</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> [CT 33, 9 r. 12; MCG 176]
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|'''MUL.APIN.'''
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
* (1) The stars of Anu (no. 15): mulAB.SIN2 dŠa-la šu-bu-ul-tu4 "The furrow, the goddess Shala, the spike" (I ii 10).
* (1) The stars of Anu (no. 15):
** <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ''<sup>d</sup>Ša-la šu-bu-ul-tu<sub>4</sub>''
* (2) Dates of heliacal risings: ina itiKIN UD 25th KAM mulAB.SIN2 IGI "On the 25th day of Ululu the Furrow becomes visible" ( I ii 47).
** "The furrow, the goddess Shala, the spike" (I ii 10).
* (3) Simultaneous daily risings and sunsets: mulKU6 u mulŠU.GI KURmeš-ma mulAB.SIN2 u mulUR.IDIM ŠU2meš "The Fish and the Old Man rise and the Furrow and the Mad Dog sets" (I iii 33).
* (2) Dates of heliacal risings:
* (4) Intervals between the dates of heliacal risings: TA KUR ša2 mulŠU.PA 10 UDmeš ana KUR mulAB.SIN2 / TA KUR ša2 mulAB.SIN2 20 UDmeš ana KUR ša2 mulzi-ba-ni-tu4 "10 days from the rise of Shupa to the rise of the Furrow. 20 days from the rising of the Furrow to the rising of the Libra" (I iii 36-37).
** ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>KIN UD 25th KAM <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> IGI
* (5) Asterisms "in the way of the Moon": mulAB.SIN2, after mulUR.GU.LA, before mulZi-ba-ni-tu4 (I iv 35), see s20Sîn.
** "On the 25th day of ''Ululu'' the Furrow becomes visible" ( I ii 47).
* (6) Astrological predictions: star U.RI.RI and AB.SIN2 (II iii 24), see u01U.RI.RI [MA 33, 43, 52-54, 68, 110].
* (3) Simultaneous daily risings and sunsets:
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** <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.GI KUR<sup>meš</sup>-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>UR.IDIM ŠU<sub>2</sub><sup>meš</sup>
** "The Fish and the Old Man rise and the Furrow and the Mad Dog sets" (I iii 33).
* (4) Intervals between the dates of heliacal risings:
** TA KUR ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA 10 UD<sup>meš</sup> ''ana'' KUR <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> / TA KUR ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> 20 UD<sup>meš</sup> ''ana'' KUR ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' ''<sup>mul</sup>zi-ba-ni-tu<sub>4</sub>''
** "10 days from the rise of ''Shupa'' to the rise of the Furrow. 20 days from the rising of the Furrow to the rising of the Libra" (I iii 36-37).
* (5) Asterisms "in the way of the Moon": <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>, after <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA, before <sup>mul</sup>''Zi-ba-ni-tu<sub>4</sub>'' (I iv 35), see (Kurtik s20) Sîn.
* (6) Astrological predictions: star U.RI.RI and AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> (II iii 24), see (Kurtik u01)U.RI.RI [MA 33, 43, 52-54, 68, 110].
|[[File:ABSIN stellarium Gullberg.jpg|alt=AB.SIN2 as painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2021. |thumb|AB.SIN2 as painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2021. ]]
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|'''Letters and Reports:''' 
|'''Letters and Reports:''' 


* SAA 8 295 rev. 1-2,
* SAA 8 295 rev. 1-2, AB.SIN2 and E4.RU6 in agu^ of the Moon.. Pingree-Walker, BM 78161:17-18]; according to [Koch 1992 58], dŠullat(PA) u Daniš (LUGAL) is β, α Cen; see also [ASM 92].
** AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> and E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> in ''agû'' of the Moon.
* SAA 10 "Letters" and "Reports." See. [LABS, 224:10, 206:9]
* [ARAK, 82 r. 8, 295 r. 2, 325:2, 378:5].
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|'''"The Great Star List"'''.
|'''"The Great Star List" (SAG.ME.GAR = SHUL.PA.E<sub>3</sub>)'''
* Astrological association:

** <sup>mul</sup>BAN / <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>,
* Correspondences: mulban = mulab.sin2, mulgilim = mulmin, multir.an.na = mulmin, mula-ri-tum = mulmin, mulmar.gid2.da = mul[min], [...], where mulmin apparently = mulab.sin2 [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:41ff.]
** <sup>mul</sup>GILIM / <sup>mul</sup>MIN,

** <sup>mul</sup>TI.AN.NA / <sup>mul</sup>MIN,
* (SAG>ME.GAR = SHUL.PA.E3 p. ??.
** <sup>mul</sup>''a-ri-tum'' / <sup>mul</sup>MIN,
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** <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA / <sup>mul</sup>[MIN], [...], where <sup>mul</sup>MIN apparently = <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:41ff.]
|this does not effect the identification, it's just an association
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|'''GU-text'''.
|'''GU-text'''.


* (K) or GU XI
* (K) <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-Pru<sub>6</sub>R(A.EDIN) kimin <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>Šullat(PA) u Daniš(LUGAL) <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD / ša<sub>2</sub> ana(ŠE<sub>3</sub>) <sup>mu[l]</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ina igi <sup>mul</sup>uga gub-zu gu "Erua (ziqpu XXV: γ Com) or the Furrow (α Vir), Shullat and Hanish (ε Cen), Mercury, who stands with the Furrow before the Raven, – rope" [Pingree-Walker, BM 78161:17-18]; according to [Koch 1992 58], dŠullat(PA) u Daniš (LUGAL) is β, α Cen; see also [ASM 92].
** <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> (A.EDIN) ''kimin'' <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ''<sup>d</sup>Šullat''(PA) ''u Ḫaniš''(LUGAL) <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.GU<sub>4</sub>.UD / ''ša<sub>2</sub> ana''(ŠE<sub>3</sub>) <sup>mu[l]</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ''ina igi <sup>mul</sup>uga gub-zu gu''
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** translation: "Erua, the Furrow, Shullat and Ḫanish (ε Cen), Mercury, who stands with the Furrow before the Raven, – GU" [Pingree-Walker, BM 78161:17-18];
* identifications:
** ''ziqpu'' XXV (Erua): γ Com
** the Furrow is the area around α, γ, and ε Vir
** Shullat and Ḫanish: (ε Cen according to Kurtik, according to [Koch 1992 58] it is β, α Cen); see also [ASM 92].
|[[File:Leo+hyaCrv+vir mulapin.jpg|alt=the constellation as visualized in Stellarium|thumb|Furrow with Ear of Grain next to the Lion and the Mushhushu Dragon with Raven]][[File:GU XI.jpg|alt=Stellarium map with the GU XI|thumb|GU XI star chart (Hoffmann 2022) ]]
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|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
* §a. mulab.sin2 "the Furrow" (α Vir), see z07ZI.BA.AN.NA.
* §a. <sup>mul</sup>ab.sin<sub>2</sub> "the Furrow" (α Vir), see (Kurtik z07)ZI.BA.AN.NA.
* §v. mulsuCuš ab.sin2 "The base of the Furrow" (α Vir), see L07dLI9.SI4.
* §v. <sup>mul</sup>SUḪUŠ AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> "The base of the Furrow" (α Vir), see (Kurtik L07)<sup>d</sup>LI<sub>9</sub>.SI<sub>4</sub>.
[Walker 1995 40; Koch 1995 50; ASM 110; AD I 54].
[Walker 1995 40; Koch 1995 50; ASM 110; AD I 54].
|[[File:Dalb a.jpg|alt=star chart|thumb|Dalbana "a" (Susanne M Hoffmann 2024)]][[File:Dalb v.jpg|alt=star chart|thumb|Dalbana "v"... sorry: cut-off (Hoffmann 2024)]]
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|'''Uranology Texts'''
|'''Uranology Texts'''
* Related Drawings:  Uranology 99 Bottom, bit ni&irti of <sup>d</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-utu: /<sup>mul</sup>ab/-s[in<sub>2</sub>] to the right of Mercury
* Related Drawings: Uranology 99 Bottom, ''bit niṣirti'' of <sup>d</sup>gu<sub>4</sub>-utu: /<sup>mul</sup>ab/-s[in<sub>2</sub>] to the right of Mercury
|[[File:Vir Tontafel thureauDangin1922.jpg|alt=Drawing of the tablet AO 6448 by Thureau Dangin 1922.|thumb|Drawing of the tablet AO 6448 by Thureau Dangin 1922.]]
|Example
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|Zodiac and Microzodiac
|Zodiac and Microzodiac
|[[File:Leo+hyaCrv+vir seleucid.jpg|alt=The Goddess with the Ear of Grain on AO 6448.|thumb|The Goddess with the Ear of Grain on AO 6448.]]
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| colspan="2" |
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=== '''ABSIN''' (spelling variant) ===
==== '''ABSIN, ABSIN<sub>0</sub>''' (spelling variants) ====
Mathematical Astronomy.
Mathematical Astronomy. ABSIN, ABSIN0 – are designations of the 6th sign of the zodiac in the ephemerides [ACT 38, 467], for the earliest example see [AD I, No.-463:6-7]. However, the term was undoubtedly used earlier, because the abbreviation ABSIN – ABSIN0(KI) appears in the lunar tables dated to the year – 474 [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31].

* ABSIN = KI.AŠ.AŠ = KI.DILI.DILI = KI.DIDLI = KI.ḪAL
* ABSIN<sub>0</sub> = KI

All this are designations of the 6th sign of the zodiac in the ephemerides [ACT 38, 467], for the earliest example see [AD I, No.-463:6-7]. However, the term was undoubtedly used earlier, because the abbreviation KI for ABSIN<sub>0</sub> appears in the lunar tables dated to the year – 474 [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31].
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|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
* (1) The standard designation of the 6th sign of the zodiac; for the earliest example see. [AD I, No.-463:6-7], but it was undoubtedly used earlier, because the abbreviation ABSIN – ABSIN0(KI) appears in the lunar tables dated to the year – 474 [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31].
* (1) The standard designation of the 6th sign of the zodiac; for the earliest example see. [AD I, No.-463:6-7], but it was undoubtedly used earlier, because the abbreviation ABSIN – ABSIN0(KI) appears in the lunar tables dated to the year – 474 [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31].
* (2) Included in the name of two "normal stars":
* (2) Included in the name of two "normal stars":
** a) DELE ša2 IGI ABSIN "Separate (star) ahead of the Furrow" (γ Vir),
** a) DELE ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' IGI ABSIN "Separate (star) ahead of the Furrow" (γ Vir),
** b) SA4 ša2 ABSIN "(Star) with great brilliance of the Furrow" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim].
** b) SA<sub>4</sub> ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' ABSIN "(Star) with great brilliance of the Furrow" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim].
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|'''Normal Stars'''
|'''Normal Stars'''Hunger and Pingree (1999, 22-23) included in the name of two "normal stars" (see m39MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ)
* Hunger and Pingree (1999, 22-23) included in the name of two "normal stars" (see (Kurtik m39) MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ)

* a) DELE ša2 IGI ABSIN "Separate (star) ahead of the Furrow" (γ Vir), var.: e-du ša2 IGI ABSIN [AD I 54, No. -463 Obv. 6].
** a) DELE ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' IGI ABSIN "Separate (star) ahead of the Furrow" (γ Vir), var.: ''e-du ša<sub>2</sub>'' IGI ABSIN [AD I 54, No. -463 Obv. 6].
* b) SA4 ša2 ABSIN "(Star) with great brilliance of the Furrow" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim]. 
** b) SA<sub>4</sub> ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' ABSIN "(Star) with great brilliance of the Furrow" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim]. 
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|'''Anaphora.'''
|'''Anaphora.'''
* BM 36609+: ... KI ša2 ABSIN [Roughton-Steele-Walker 543, Section 4: obv. ii 19-20].
* BM 36609+: ... KI ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' ABSIN [Roughton-Steele-Walker 543, Section 4: obv. ii 19-20].
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|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''
|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''
* (a) šur-ši absin 16 "Root of the Barley Stalk(?):16 (Virgins)" (γ Virginis).
* (a) ''šur-ši absin'' 16 "Root of the Barley Stalk(?):16 (Virgins)" (γ Virginis).
* (b) s[a4] ša2(?) absin(?) 28(?) "Brilliant (star) of the Barley Stalk (corresponding to) 28(?) (Virgo)" (α Virginis) [Sachs 1952a 146:3'; ASM 150].
* (b) ''s[a<sub>4</sub>] ša<sub>2</sub>''<sup>(?)</sup> ABSIN<sup>(?)</sup> 28<sup>(?)</sup> "Brilliant (star) of the Barley Stalk (corresponding to) 28<sup>(?)</sup> (Virgo)" (α Virginis) [Sachs 1952a 146:3'; [[References (Babylonian)|ASM]] 150].
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* = Virgo [Mesop.Astrol. 207, App. C].
* = Virgo [Mesop.Astrol. 207, App. C].
* šur-ši absin "Barley Stem root" (γ Virginis), cf. [Sachs 1952a 146; ASM 150].
* ''šur-ši absin'' "Barley Stem root" (γ Virginis), cf. [Sachs 1952a 146; ASM 150].


==== Late astrology, magic and the calendar.  ====
==== Late astrology, magic and the calendar.  ====


* (1) The Lunaria. BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>ab.sin<sub>2</sub>, ki <sup>mul</sup>abs[in] "in the vicinity of the Furrow" [Ungnad 258-259: 3, 18], see also (Kurtik a07)ABSIN.
* (1) The Lunaria. BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>ab.sin<sub>2</sub>, ki <sup>mul</sup>abs[in] "in the vicinity of the Furrow" [Ungnad 258-259: 3, 18], see also (Kurtik a07)ABSIN.
* (2) "Microzodiac.” The division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts in VAT 7847: the 2nd part is <sup>mul</sup>ab.sin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967, Taf. 6], see also (K a07)ABSIN.
* (2) "Microzodiac.” The division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts in VAT 7847: the 2nd part is <sup>mul</sup>ab.sin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967, Taf. 6], see also (Kurtik a07)ABSIN.
* (3(4) Zodiacal astrology. KI AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> edi(SIG) ni-ziq-tu<sub>4</sub> "in the vicinity of the Furrow (= Virgo): loneliness, rage" [SpTU II, 43:23]; parallel: KI ABSIN NI<sub>3</sub>.TUK ni-ziq-ti "in the vicinity of the Furrow: wealth, rage" [TU, 14: 23; Sachs 1952 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999 192].
* (3(4) Zodiacal astrology. KI AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> edi(SIG) ni-ziq-tu<sub>4</sub> "in the vicinity of the Furrow (= Virgo): loneliness, rage" [SpTU II, 43:23]; parallel: KI ABSIN NI<sub>3</sub>.TUK ni-ziq-ti "in the vicinity of the Furrow: wealth, rage" [TU, 14: 23; Sachs 1952 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999 192].
* (4) Hypsomata. The Furrow (= Virgo) – Mercury's hypsomata, see (Kurtik g34)GU<sub>4</sub>.UD.
* (4) Hypsomata. The Furrow (= Virgo) – Mercury's hypsomata, see (Kurtik g34)GU<sub>4</sub>.UD.
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* (1) Horoscopes: ABSIN – is the designation of the 6th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
* (1) Horoscopes: ABSIN – is the designation of the 6th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
* (2) The “Lunaries”.
* (2) The “Lunaries”.
** a) BRM IV, 20, see a06AB.SIN2,
** a) BRM IV, 20, see (Kurtik a06) AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>,
** b) BRM IV, 19: ABSIN – is the designation of the zodiac sign Furrow (= Virgo) in the zodiacal scheme, famously known as the "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 274-275: c, l, m, 6, 25, 27; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53].
** b) BRM IV, 19: ABSIN – is the designation of the zodiac sign Furrow (= Virgo) in the zodiacal scheme, famously known as the "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 274-275: c, l, m, 6, 25, 27; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53].
* (3) "Microzodiac.” The division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
* (3) "Microzodiac.” The division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
** (a) AO 6483: 6-i-tum Ca.la absin šum3-šu2 "6th part, its name is the Furrow." [TU, 14:16; Sachs 1952 66],
** (a) AO 6483: 6-i-tum Ca.la absin šum<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> "6th part, its name is the Furrow." [TU, 14:16; Sachs 1952 66],
** (b) Sp II 202+: 6-tu2 Ca.la ša2 lu absin / ša2 lu "the 6th part of Aries - Aries' Furrow". [Schaumberger 1955 245:14-15].
** (b) Sp II 202+: 6-tu<sub>2</sub> Ca.la ša<sub>2</sub> lu absin / ša<sub>2</sub> lu "the 6th part of Aries - Aries' Furrow". [Schaumberger 1955 245:14-15].
* (4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 12 // KI<sup>didli</sup> 24 // ši-gu-šu<sub>2</sub> qaqqad(SAG.DU) a-ri-bi u kappi(PA) a-ri-bi MIN(= tapaššaš) "Duzu 12 // Virgin 240 // Flour from šigūšu-barley, raven’s head and raven’s wing – you smear" [SpTU III, 104: 12, and also 104:25]; parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:5, 18].
* (4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 12 // KI<sup>didli</sup> 24 // ši-gu-šu<sub>2</sub> qaqqad(SAG.DU) a-ri-bi u kappi(PA) a-ri-bi MIN(= tapaššaš) "Duzu 12 // Virgin 240 // Flour from šigūšu-barley, raven’s head and raven’s wing – you smear" [SpTU III, 104: 12, and also 104:25]; parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:5, 18].
* (5) Zodiacal astrology. KI KI.DAL a-lid ... "In the vicinity of the Furrow was born..." [LBAT, 1593 rev. 5′; Reiner 2000]. See also [SpTU I, 96:6; SpTU III, 102:13-14]. LIn the new edition of BM 46083: šur-ši PABSINR 15 PSA4 ša2 ABSIN 24R + [x...] "Root of Furrow 15. Brilliant Star of the Furrow 24 [+x]." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 563-564]
* (5) Zodiacal astrology. KI KI.DAL a-lid ... "In the vicinity of the Furrow was born..." [LBAT, 1593 rev. 5′; Reiner 2000]. See also [SpTU I, 96:6; SpTU III, 102:13-14]. LIn the new edition of BM 46083: šur-ši PABSINR 15 PSA4 ša2 ABSIN 24R + [x...] "Root of Furrow 15. Brilliant Star of the Furrow 24 [+x]." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 563-564]


==== II. Deity. ====
==== II. Deity. ====
The goddess Shala, probably of Hurrian origin, was considered the consort of Adad, the god of thunder (in other versions – Dagan). It is mentioned in texts dating to the Old Babylonian times. Among the known epithets, not a single one indicates its astral meaning [Tallqvist 453]. The symbol on the kudurru – an ear, sometimes next to the symbol of Adad [Seidl 1968 138], or a ram on a plinth with an ear [ibid. 74, 147] (Fig. 48). Prayers and rituals. The ritual of the "washing of the mouth" (mīs pî) or the "revival" of the statue-deity, see a48AŠ.GAN2.
The goddess Shala, probably of Hurrian origin, was considered the consort of Adad, the god of thunder (in other versions – Dagan). It is mentioned in texts dating to the Old Babylonian times. Among the known epithets, not a single one indicates its astral meaning [Tallqvist 453]. The symbol on the kudurru – an ear, sometimes next to the symbol of Adad [Seidl 1968 138], or a ram on a plinth with an ear [ibid. 74, 147] (Fig. 48). Prayers and rituals. The ritual of the "washing of the mouth" (mīs pî) or the "revival" of the statue-deity, see (Kurtik a48)AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub>.


==== III. Symbol. ====
==== III. Symbol. ====

In MUL.APIN I ii 10 is given the identity: "Furrow, goddess Shala, ear". On the Seleucid tablet AO 6448 is depicted a standing female figure in a long garment, draped at the waist, with an ear in her hand, and next to her are symbolic images of Mercury, the Raven and Snake [Weidner 1924, Taf. 5; 1967, Taf. 10] (fig. 12). This is probably the figure of the constellation mulAB.SIN2. A similar figure is presented on one poorly preserved Seleucid gemma imprint [AUWE 19, No. 107] (Fig. 31). The image of the ear is also found on Seleucid seals from Uruk in combination with other astral symbols (Capricornus, bull, month) [AUWE 19, No. 697-704, 861, 866; App. I 155] (fig. 38). The standing female figure with an ear in her hand–just like the symbol of the Virgin found on Egyptian monuments of the late Hellenistic times–is probably of Mesopotamian origins [Kurtik 2002, ill. 5, 7]. On the "Planisphere" K 8538, according to Koch's interpretation, the schematic picture of mulAB.SIN2 is given in the 5th sector in the form of a triangle, in which is the inscription BAD BAD. [Koch 1989 80-85] (ill. 9). According to D. Foxvog, the text W 22646 contains a list of zodiacal constellation symbols; in it AB.SIN2 (sign of the zodiac sign Virgo) is put in correspondence with ŠE.BAR "grain". [Foxvog 1993 107; SpTU II, 43:6, 23].
* In MUL.APIN I ii 10 is given the identity: "Furrow, goddess Shala, ear".
* On the Seleucid tablet AO 6448 is depicted a standing female figure in a long garment, draped at the waist, with an ear in her hand, and next to her are symbolic images of Mercury, the Raven and Snake [Weidner 1924, Taf. 5; 1967, Taf. 10] (fig. 12). This is probably the figure of the constellation <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>. A similar figure is presented on one poorly preserved Seleucid gemma imprint [AUWE 19, No. 107] (Fig. 31).
* The image of the ear is also found on Seleucid seals from Uruk in combination with other astral symbols (Capricornus, bull, month) [AUWE 19, No. 697-704, 861, 866; App. I 155] (fig. 38). The standing female figure with an ear in her hand–just like the symbol of the Virgin found on Egyptian monuments of the late Hellenistic times–is probably of Mesopotamian origins [Kurtik 2002, ill. 5, 7].
* On the "Planisphere" K 8538, according to Koch's interpretation, the schematic picture of <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> is given in the 5th sector in the form of a triangle, in which is the inscription BAD BAD. [Koch 1989 80-85] (ill. 9).
* According to D. Foxvog, the text W 22646 contains a list of zodiacal constellation symbols; in it AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> (sign of the zodiac sign Virgo) is put in correspondence with ŠE.BAR "grain". [Foxvog 1993 107; SpTU II, 43:6, 23].


==== VI. Astrology. ====
==== VI. Astrology. ====
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===== Identifications: =====
===== Identifications: =====


* (1) = Bow; PDIŠ mulKU6R ana mulBAN TE ... dGU4.UD ana mulA[B.SIN2] "If the Fish approaches the Bow ... (it means:) Mercury (approaches) the Furrow" [BPO 2, XVI 17, + Parallels; ARAK 325:4-7].
* (1) = Bow; PDIŠ <sup>mul</sup>KU<sub>6</sub>R ana <sup>mul</sup>BAN TE ... <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ana <sup>mul</sup>A[B.SIN<sub>2</sub>] "If the Fish approaches the Bow ... (it means:) Mercury (approaches) the Furrow" [BPO 2, XVI 17, + Parallels; ARAK 325:4-7].


* (2) = Arrow; DIŠ mulBAN ana mulKAK.SI.SA2 KUR-ud ... dGU4.UD ina ŠA3 mulAB.SIN2 DU-ma "If the Bow reaches the Arrow ... (it means:) Mercury stands within the Furrow" [BPO 2, XVI 18 + Parallels].
* (2) = Arrow; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>BAN ana <sup>mul</sup>KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> KUR-ud ... <sup>d</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> DU-ma "If the Bow reaches the Arrow ... (it means:) Mercury stands within the Furrow" [BPO 2, XVI 18 + Parallels].


* (3) = The Field; cf. [ARAK 82 r. 8].
* (3) = The Field; cf. [ARAK 82 r. 8].
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===== Predictions: =====
===== Predictions: =====


* (4) A lunar eclipse within the Furrow;
* (4) A lunar eclipse within the Furrow; DIŠ ina itiŠE UD.14.KAM AN.MI 30 GAR-ma ...taš-nin-tu4 ina KUR GAL2-ši ina KI AB.SIN2 u GENNA BAD.MEŠ "If in the 14th of Adar a lunar eclipse occurs, ... there will be a conflict in the country. (If it occurs) within the Furrow and Saturn, (there will be) a plague." [ABCD 285: 28-29]; [...mulA]B.SIN2 a-dir EŠ.BAR AB.SIN2 AB.SIN2 GUN-ša2 i-Car-ra-ar SU.KU2 ŠE u PIN.NUR "[If the Moon] is eclipsed in the Furrow: solution for the furrow; income from the furrows will decrease, there will be hunger for barley and straw" [NSAM 2, Table IIa: 3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1849:46].
** DIŠ ina <sup>iti</sup>ŠE UD.14.KAM AN.MI 30 GAR-ma ...taš-nin-tu<sub>4</sub> ina KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>-ši ina KI AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> u GENNA BAD.MEŠ "If in the 14th of Adar a lunar eclipse occurs, ... there will be a conflict in the country. (If it occurs) within the Furrow and Saturn, (there will be) a plague." [ABCD 285: 28-29];
** [...<sup>mul</sup>A]B.SIN<sub>2</sub> a-dir EŠ.BAR AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> GUN-ša<sub>2</sub> i-Car-ra-ar SU.KU<sub>2</sub> ŠE u PIN.NUR "[If the Moon] is eclipsed in the Furrow: solution for the furrow; income from the furrows will decrease, there will be hunger for barley and straw" [NSAM 2, Table IIa: 3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1849:46].


* (5) Venus and the Furrow;
* (5) Venus and the Furrow; [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma me-Cu-u2 ZI-a na-ram-ti LUGAL [...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and a hurricane wind accumulates: the king's beloved woman ..." [BPO 3 218, K.3601 rev. 26], [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma IM.Ux.LU DU ŠUB-ti Gu-ti-[i...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and the southern winds blow: the fall of the Guti..." [ibid., rev. 27], [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma IM.SI.SA2 DU SAL.UŠ.DAM [...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and the northern winds blow: the main wife ..." [ibid., rev 28]; for a parallel see. [ibid., ND4362: 18-20].
** [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ana <sup>mul</sup>A]B.SIN<sub>2</sub> TE-ma me-Cu-u<sub>2</sub> ZI-a na-ram-ti LUGAL [...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and a hurricane wind accumulates: the king's beloved woman ..." [BPO 3 218, K.3601 rev. 26],
** [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ana <sup>mul</sup>A]B.SIN<sub>2</sub> TE-ma IM.U<sub>x</sub>.LU DU ŠUB-ti Gu-ti-[i...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and the southern winds blow: the fall of the Guti..." [ibid., rev. 27],
** [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat ana <sup>mul</sup>A]B.SIN<sub>2</sub> TE-ma IM.SI.SA<sub>2</sub> DU SAL.UŠ.DAM [...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and the northern winds blow: the main wife ..." [ibid., rev 28]; for a parallel see. [ibid., ND4362: 18-20].


* (6) Uriri and the Furrow; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana AB.SIN2 KU.NU-ma ŠU.BI.AŠ.AM3 "If the star Uriri (= comet?) approaches the Furrow: the same will happen (= horse pestilence)" (MUL.APIN II iii 24) [MA 110].
* (6) Uriri and the Furrow; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> KU.NU-ma ŠU.BI.AŠ.AM<sub>3</sub> "If the star Uriri (= comet?) approaches the Furrow: the same will happen (= horse pestilence)" (MUL.APIN II iii 24) [MA 110].


* (7) Mercury in the Furrow has great brilliance; see u11UGA, VI 3.
* (7) Mercury in the Furrow has great brilliance; see (Kurtik u11)UGA, VI 3.


* (8) Observations for astrological purposes;
* (8) Observations for astrological purposes; mu-ši a-ga-a d30 TUR3 il-ta-mi / mulAB.SIN2 u mulA.EDIN ina ŠA3-bi u2-šu-uz-zu "That night a halo surrounded the moon, the Furrow and Erua stood on the moon" [ARAK, 295 r. 1-2]; mulUDU.IDIM.GUD.UD ina dUTU.E3 0! / ina qaq-qar mulAB.SIN2 it-tan-mar "Mercury became visible in the east within the Furrow" [ARAK, 325: 1-2]; TUR3 ša2 mulAB.SIN2 / a-na A.AN u A.KAL / ina EN.TE.NA i-lap-pat "The halo (around and within the Moon) of the Furrow foretells rain and flood in the winter season" [ARAK, 378: 1-2]. [ARAK, 378: 4-r.1]; mulDil-bat a-na mulAB!.SIN2 / i-kaš-šad "Venus will reach (the limits of) the Furrow" [LABS 224: 10]; for observations on Mars and its approach to the Furrow, see [ibid. [ibid. 206: 4-9].
** mu-ši a-ga-a d30 TUR<sub>3</sub> il-ta-mi / <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> u <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN ina ŠA<sub>3</sub>-bi u<sub>2</sub>-šu-uz-zu "That night a halo surrounded the moon, the Furrow and Erua stood on the moon" [ARAK, 295 r. 1-2];
** <sup>mul</sup>UDU.IDIM.GUD.UD ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> 0<sup>!</sup> / ina qaq-qar mulAB.SIN2 it-tan-mar "Mercury became visible in the east within the Furrow" [ARAK, 325: 1-2];
** TUR<sub>3</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> / a-na A.AN u A.KAL / ina EN.TE.NA i-lap-pat "The halo (around and within the Moon) of the Furrow foretells rain and flood in the winter season" [ARAK, 378: 1-2]. [ARAK, 378: 4-r.1];
** <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat a-na <sup>mul</sup>AB<sup>!</sup>.SIN<sub>2</sub> / i-kaš-šad "Venus will reach (the limits of) the Furrow" [LABS 224: 10]; for observations on Mars and its approach to the Furrow, see [ibid. [ibid. 206: 4-9].


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
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|+
|+
|-
|-
!Kurtik (2022)!!Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, a06+a07)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950, 4)
|-
|-
|
|'''a07. <sup>mul</sup>ABSIN (353),'''
==== '''a07. <sup>mul</sup>ABSIN (353),''' ====




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"Дневники наблюдений". (1) Стандартное обозначение 6-го знака зодиака; самый ранний пример см. [AD I, No.-463:6-7], но несомненно употреблялось и раньше, поскольку сокращение от ABSIN ― ABSIN<sub>0</sub>(KI) встречается уже в лунных таблицах, датируемых –474 годом [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31]. (2) Входило в название двух "нормальных звезд": a) DELE ša<sub>2</sub> IGI ABSIN "Отдельная (звезда) впереди Борозды" (γ Vir), b) SA<sub>4</sub> <sub> </sub>ša<sub>2</sub>  ABSIN "(Звезда) с большим блеском Борозды" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim]. Математическая астрономия. ABSIN, ABSIN<sub>0</sub> ― обозначения 6-го знака зодиака в эфемеридах [ACT 38, 467]. "Анафора". BM 36609+: … KI ša<sub>2</sub> ABSIN [Roughton-Steele-Walker 543, Section 4: obv. ii 19-20]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) Гороскопы: ABSIN — обозначение 6-го знака зодиака [BH, passim]. (2) "Лунарии". а) BRM IV, 20, см. a06AB.SIN<sub>2,</sub> b) BRM IV, 19: ABSIN — обозначение знака зодиака Борозда (=Дева) в зодиакальной схеме, известной под названием "додекатемория" [Ungnad 274-275: c, l, m, 6, 25, 27; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53]. (3) "Микрозодиак". Деление знака зодиака Наемник (=Овен) на 12 частей: a) АО 6483: 6-i-tum Ca.la absin šum<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> "6-я часть, ее имя Борозда" [TU, 14:16; Sachs 1952 66], b) Sp II 202+: 6-tu<sub>2</sub> Ca.la ša<sub>2</sub> lu absin / ša<sub>2</sub> lu "6-я часть  Овна — Борозда Овна" [Schaumberger 1955 245:14-15]. (4) Календарно-ритуальные тексты. W 22704 (рецепт изготовления мази + "додекатемория"): MIN(= ŠU) 12 // KI<sup>didli</sup> 24 // ši-gu-šu<sub>2</sub> qaqqad(SAG.DU) a-ri-bi u kappi(PA) a-ri-bi MIN(= tapaššaš) "Дуузу 12 // Дева 24<sup>0</sup> // Муку из šigūšu-ячменя, голову ворона и крыло ворона — ты намазываешь" [SpTU III, 104: 12, а также 104:25]; параллель для месяца арахсамну см. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:5, 18]. (5) Зодиакальная астрология. KI KI.DAL a-lid … "В области Борозды родился…" [LBAT, 1593 rev. 5′; Reiner 2000]. См. также [SpTU I, 96:6; SpTU III, 102:13-14]. Поздневавилонский каталог BM 46083. a) šur-ši absin 16 "Корень Ячменого Стебля(?):16 (Девы)" (γ Virginis). b) s[a<sub>4</sub>] ša<sub>2</sub>(?) absin(?) 28(?) "Блестящая (звезда) Ячменного Стебля (соответствует) 28(?) (Девы)" (α Virginis)  [Sachs 1952a 146:3'; ASM 150]. В новом издании BM 46083: šur-ši PABSINR 15 PSA<sub>4</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> ABSIN 24R + [x…] "Корень Борозды 15. Блестящая звезда Борозды 24 [+x]" [Roughton-Steele-Walker 563-564].
"Дневники наблюдений". (1) Стандартное обозначение 6-го знака зодиака; самый ранний пример см. [AD I, No.-463:6-7], но несомненно употреблялось и раньше, поскольку сокращение от ABSIN ― ABSIN<sub>0</sub>(KI) встречается уже в лунных таблицах, датируемых –474 годом [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31]. (2) Входило в название двух "нормальных звезд": a) DELE ša<sub>2</sub> IGI ABSIN "Отдельная (звезда) впереди Борозды" (γ Vir), b) SA<sub>4</sub> <sub> </sub>ša<sub>2</sub>  ABSIN "(Звезда) с большим блеском Борозды" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim]. Математическая астрономия. ABSIN, ABSIN<sub>0</sub> ― обозначения 6-го знака зодиака в эфемеридах [ACT 38, 467]. "Анафора". BM 36609+: … KI ša<sub>2</sub> ABSIN [Roughton-Steele-Walker 543, Section 4: obv. ii 19-20]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) Гороскопы: ABSIN — обозначение 6-го знака зодиака [BH, passim]. (2) "Лунарии". а) BRM IV, 20, см. a06AB.SIN<sub>2,</sub> b) BRM IV, 19: ABSIN — обозначение знака зодиака Борозда (=Дева) в зодиакальной схеме, известной под названием "додекатемория" [Ungnad 274-275: c, l, m, 6, 25, 27; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53]. (3) "Микрозодиак". Деление знака зодиака Наемник (=Овен) на 12 частей: a) АО 6483: 6-i-tum Ca.la absin šum<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> "6-я часть, ее имя Борозда" [TU, 14:16; Sachs 1952 66], b) Sp II 202+: 6-tu<sub>2</sub> Ca.la ša<sub>2</sub> lu absin / ša<sub>2</sub> lu "6-я часть  Овна — Борозда Овна" [Schaumberger 1955 245:14-15]. (4) Календарно-ритуальные тексты. W 22704 (рецепт изготовления мази + "додекатемория"): MIN(= ŠU) 12 // KI<sup>didli</sup> 24 // ši-gu-šu<sub>2</sub> qaqqad(SAG.DU) a-ri-bi u kappi(PA) a-ri-bi MIN(= tapaššaš) "Дуузу 12 // Дева 24<sup>0</sup> // Муку из šigūšu-ячменя, голову ворона и крыло ворона — ты намазываешь" [SpTU III, 104: 12, а также 104:25]; параллель для месяца арахсамну см. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:5, 18]. (5) Зодиакальная астрология. KI KI.DAL a-lid … "В области Борозды родился…" [LBAT, 1593 rev. 5′; Reiner 2000]. См. также [SpTU I, 96:6; SpTU III, 102:13-14]. Поздневавилонский каталог BM 46083. a) šur-ši absin 16 "Корень Ячменого Стебля(?):16 (Девы)" (γ Virginis). b) s[a<sub>4</sub>] ša<sub>2</sub>(?) absin(?) 28(?) "Блестящая (звезда) Ячменного Стебля (соответствует) 28(?) (Девы)" (α Virginis)  [Sachs 1952a 146:3'; ASM 150]. В новом издании BM 46083: šur-ši PABSINR 15 PSA<sub>4</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> ABSIN 24R + [x…] "Корень Борозды 15. Блестящая звезда Борозды 24 [+x]" [Roughton-Steele-Walker 563-564].
|In den rein astron. Texten der S.Ä. wird zumeist Ki ·AS·AS ( = ABSIN), zuweilen auch bloss Ki (93 (81-7-6) Vs.7.9.; RmIV 397, 10; Epp.Astrono. S.149) geschrieben, und zwar ohne Determinativ {Sp 129, 38; Sp 128, 22; SH 272 ll 7; dagegen AO 6483 Vs16: <sup>rnul2</sup>Ki ·AŠ·AŠ).
|Example
In den früheren astron. sowie in den astrol. Texten wird AB•SiN<sub>2</sub> (=ABSIN) geschrieben.
|-
|-
|
|'''a06. <sup>mul</sup> AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> (137),'''
==== '''a06. <sup>mul</sup> AB.SIN<sub>2</sub> (137),''' ====




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|Example
|Example
|}
|}

== Transformation of the Constellations ==
<gallery>
File:BabZodiac Sco-Lib-Vir-Leo MULAPIN.jpg|Babylonian pre-zodiac (MUL.APIN-based, visualisation by Jessica Gullberg, implemented in Stellarium 2022 by Susanne M Hoffmann).
File:BabZodiac Sco-Lib-Vir-Leo seleucid.jpg|Babylonian zodiac (Seleucid time, visualisation by Rober Perdok, LWL Planetarium Münster, implemented in Stellarium 2022 by Susanne M Hoffmann).
File:Zod asSufi.jpg|Classical zodiac visualized by as-Sufi (10th century CE), implemented in Stellarium by Khalid Al-Ajaji.
File:Leo+hyaCrv+vir mulapin.jpg|The image of the Furrow with the Ear of Grain as painted by R. Perdok, LWL Planetarium Münster (2016).
File:Leo+hyaCrv+vir seleucid.jpg|The image of the Goddess with the Ear of Grain (copied from tablet AO 6448 by Susanne M Hoffmann).
File:Leo+Vir dendera stellarium2022.jpg|The double-goddess in Egyptian painting style as depicted in the circular zodiac in the temple of Denderah (Roman epoch). The Babylonian goddess Shala is left (east) whiie the other lady, on the lion's tail might be the Babylonian goddess Erua or the Egyptian deified queen Berenice.
</gallery>

== References ==

* [[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's References]]


[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
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[[Category:West Asian]]
[[Category:West Asian]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]

Latest revision as of 06:04, 26 October 2024

clay drawing of goddess Shala facing the Raven at the tip of the tail of a huge snake.
Drawing of the tablet AO 6448 with the goddess in constellation Virgo carrying an ear of grain.

There are two terms in Babylonian astral science: AB.SIN2 (Kurtik a06) and ABSIN (Kurtik a07). It is not always clear whether they refer to the same constellation but we list them together here because the terms are homophonous

Dictionary

Krebernik (2023)

Šala. Goddess, wife of the storm god Iškur/Adad, associated with rain:

  • dŠa-la šu-bu-ul-tu4 (AN 15r),
  • Shala, the stalk/ ear/ spike of grain.

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

mulAB.SIN2 (137) = še/irsu "the Furrow," [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; G. 4].


ABSIN is a later version of the name for mulAB-SIN2 = še/irsu "the Furrow" (Kurtik a06, Gössmann 137), but not necessarily consisting of the same exact set of stars.

Var. reading:

  • mulKI.AŠ.AŠ,
  • mulKI.DILI.DILI,
  • mulKI.DIDLI,
  • mulKI.ḪAL

var. designations:

  • ABSIN0(KI); = šeru "Furrow". [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; Ungnad 257; G. 4].
  • On the probable translation of ABSIN "Barley Stalk" see [Sachs 1952 146]. [Sachs 1952a 146, note 3].
  • Constellation and zodiacal sign mulAB.SIN2 "Furrow" (= Virgo) in later astronomical and astrological texts.
Sources Identifications

AB.SIN2

Lexical texts.
  • Series DC XXII: mulAB.SIN2 = ši-ir-'u "Furrow." [SpTU III, 114A v 109], Urra 22: 302
EAE.

See. [ABCD 285, BM 47447 r. 29; BPO 2, XVI 17-18; BPO 3 B K.35:10, K.3601+: rev. 26-28, K.6021+:6, ND 4362 ii 18-20; NSAM 2 249; ***SpTU I, 90 r. 6'; 91:3; 93:7; 94:31; 96:6; SpTU III, 102:12-14]

"Three Stars Each” (astrolabes)
  • Text Nv. 10
    • mulAB.SIN2 like the star of Anu in the months of Kislimu and Tebetu (Obv. 6, 10), and as the asterism AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA in the month Simanu (Rev. 31) [Donbaz-Koch 65-66].
  • CT 33, 9.
    • The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil. A list of the 12 asterisms of Anu (no. 9): [mul]AB.SIN2 [CT 33, 9 r. 12; MCG 176]
MUL.APIN.
  • (1) The stars of Anu (no. 15):
    • mulAB.SIN2 dŠa-la šu-bu-ul-tu4
    • "The furrow, the goddess Shala, the spike" (I ii 10).
  • (2) Dates of heliacal risings:
    • ina itiKIN UD 25th KAM mulAB.SIN2 IGI
    • "On the 25th day of Ululu the Furrow becomes visible" ( I ii 47).
  • (3) Simultaneous daily risings and sunsets:
    • mulKU6 u mulŠU.GI KURmeš-ma mulAB.SIN2 u mulUR.IDIM ŠU2meš
    • "The Fish and the Old Man rise and the Furrow and the Mad Dog sets" (I iii 33).
  • (4) Intervals between the dates of heliacal risings:
    • TA KUR ša2 mulŠU.PA 10 UDmeš ana KUR mulAB.SIN2 / TA KUR ša2 mulAB.SIN2 20 UDmeš ana KUR ša2 mulzi-ba-ni-tu4
    • "10 days from the rise of Shupa to the rise of the Furrow. 20 days from the rising of the Furrow to the rising of the Libra" (I iii 36-37).
  • (5) Asterisms "in the way of the Moon": mulAB.SIN2, after mulUR.GU.LA, before mulZi-ba-ni-tu4 (I iv 35), see (Kurtik s20) Sîn.
  • (6) Astrological predictions: star U.RI.RI and AB.SIN2 (II iii 24), see (Kurtik u01)U.RI.RI [MA 33, 43, 52-54, 68, 110].
AB.SIN2 as painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2021.
AB.SIN2 as painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium 2021.
Letters and Reports: 
  • SAA 8 295 rev. 1-2,
    • AB.SIN2 and E4.RU6 in agû of the Moon.
  • SAA 10 "Letters" and "Reports." See. [LABS, 224:10, 206:9]
  • [ARAK, 82 r. 8, 295 r. 2, 325:2, 378:5].
"The Great Star List" (SAG.ME.GAR = SHUL.PA.E3)
  • Astrological association:
    • mulBAN / mulAB.SIN2,
    • mulGILIM / mulMIN,
    • mulTI.AN.NA / mulMIN,
    • mula-ri-tum / mulMIN,
    • mulMAR.GID2.DA / mul[MIN], [...], where mulMIN apparently = mulAB.SIN2 [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:41ff.]
this does not effect the identification, it's just an association
GU-text.
  • (K) or GU XI
    • mulE4-ru6 (A.EDIN) kimin mulAB.SIN2 dŠullat(PA) u Ḫaniš(LUGAL) mulUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD / ša2 ana(ŠE3) mu[l]AB.SIN2 ina igi muluga gub-zu gu
    • translation: "Erua, the Furrow, Shullat and Ḫanish (ε Cen), Mercury, who stands with the Furrow before the Raven, – GU" [Pingree-Walker, BM 78161:17-18];
  • identifications:
    • ziqpu XXV (Erua): γ Com
    • the Furrow is the area around α, γ, and ε Vir
    • Shullat and Ḫanish: (ε Cen according to Kurtik, according to [Koch 1992 58] it is β, α Cen); see also [ASM 92].
the constellation as visualized in Stellarium
Furrow with Ear of Grain next to the Lion and the Mushhushu Dragon with Raven
Stellarium map with the GU XI
GU XI star chart (Hoffmann 2022)
Dalbanna-text.
  • §a. mulab.sin2 "the Furrow" (α Vir), see (Kurtik z07)ZI.BA.AN.NA.
  • §v. mulSUḪUŠ AB.SIN2 "The base of the Furrow" (α Vir), see (Kurtik L07)dLI9.SI4.

[Walker 1995 40; Koch 1995 50; ASM 110; AD I 54].

star chart
Dalbana "a" (Susanne M Hoffmann 2024)
star chart
Dalbana "v"... sorry: cut-off (Hoffmann 2024)
Uranology Texts
  • Related Drawings: Uranology 99 Bottom, bit niṣirti of dgu4-utu: /mulab/-s[in2] to the right of Mercury
Drawing of the tablet AO 6448 by Thureau Dangin 1922.
Drawing of the tablet AO 6448 by Thureau Dangin 1922.
Zodiac and Microzodiac
The Goddess with the Ear of Grain on AO 6448.
The Goddess with the Ear of Grain on AO 6448.

ABSIN, ABSIN0 (spelling variants)

Mathematical Astronomy.

  • ABSIN = KI.AŠ.AŠ = KI.DILI.DILI = KI.DIDLI = KI.ḪAL
  • ABSIN0 = KI

All this are designations of the 6th sign of the zodiac in the ephemerides [ACT 38, 467], for the earliest example see [AD I, No.-463:6-7]. However, the term was undoubtedly used earlier, because the abbreviation KI for ABSIN0 appears in the lunar tables dated to the year – 474 [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31].

"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."
  • (1) The standard designation of the 6th sign of the zodiac; for the earliest example see. [AD I, No.-463:6-7], but it was undoubtedly used earlier, because the abbreviation ABSIN – ABSIN0(KI) appears in the lunar tables dated to the year – 474 [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31].
  • (2) Included in the name of two "normal stars":
    • a) DELE ša2 IGI ABSIN "Separate (star) ahead of the Furrow" (γ Vir),
    • b) SA4 ša2 ABSIN "(Star) with great brilliance of the Furrow" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim].
Normal Stars
  • Hunger and Pingree (1999, 22-23) included in the name of two "normal stars" (see (Kurtik m39) MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ)
    • a) DELE ša2 IGI ABSIN "Separate (star) ahead of the Furrow" (γ Vir), var.: e-du ša2 IGI ABSIN [AD I 54, No. -463 Obv. 6].
    • b) SA4 ša2 ABSIN "(Star) with great brilliance of the Furrow" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim]. 
Anaphora.
  • BM 36609+: ... KI ša2 ABSIN [Roughton-Steele-Walker 543, Section 4: obv. ii 19-20].
Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.
  • (a) šur-ši absin 16 "Root of the Barley Stalk(?):16 (Virgins)" (γ Virginis).
  • (b) s[a4] ša2(?) ABSIN(?) 28(?) "Brilliant (star) of the Barley Stalk (corresponding to) 28(?) (Virgo)" (α Virginis) [Sachs 1952a 146:3'; ASM 150].

additional

IV. Identification:

  • = the eastern section of the constellation Virgo (without β Vir) [G. 4];
  • = Virgo [Weidner 1957-1959 76];
  • = α + other stars of Vir [BPO 2 10; MA 138; ASM 272];
  • = 74, 82, α Vir [Koch 1989 79].
  • = Virgo [Mesop.Astrol. 207, App. C].
  • šur-ši absin "Barley Stem root" (γ Virginis), cf. [Sachs 1952a 146; ASM 150].

Late astrology, magic and the calendar. 

  • (1) The Lunaria. BRM IV, 20: ki mulab.sin2, ki mulabs[in] "in the vicinity of the Furrow" [Ungnad 258-259: 3, 18], see also (Kurtik a07)ABSIN.
  • (2) "Microzodiac.” The division of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts in VAT 7847: the 2nd part is mulab.sin2 [Weidner 1967, Taf. 6], see also (Kurtik a07)ABSIN.
  • (3(4) Zodiacal astrology. KI AB.SIN2 ša2 edi(SIG) ni-ziq-tu4 "in the vicinity of the Furrow (= Virgo): loneliness, rage" [SpTU II, 43:23]; parallel: KI ABSIN NI3.TUK ni-ziq-ti "in the vicinity of the Furrow: wealth, rage" [TU, 14: 23; Sachs 1952 66, 68], see also [Emelyanov 1999 192].
  • (4) Hypsomata. The Furrow (= Virgo) – Mercury's hypsomata, see (Kurtik g34)GU4.UD.
  • (5) Predicting prices for grain based on the positions of planets relative to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (AB.SIN2) [SpTU I, 94:31].
  • (6) Predictions based on lunar eclipses and the positions of the moon and planets in relation to the signs of the zodiac. DIŠ 30 ina mulAB.SIN2 AN.MI [GAR-ma...] "If the Moon eclipses within the Furrow (= in the Virgo)..." [Rochberg-Halton 1984 134:10′, 136: rev. 20], see (Kurtik s20)Sîn.

See also [TCL 6 13: col. ii 21; SpTU II, 42 r. 4].

Spelling variant (ABSIN, ABSIN0)
  • (1) Horoscopes: ABSIN – is the designation of the 6th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
  • (2) The “Lunaries”.
    • a) BRM IV, 20, see (Kurtik a06) AB.SIN2,
    • b) BRM IV, 19: ABSIN – is the designation of the zodiac sign Furrow (= Virgo) in the zodiacal scheme, famously known as the "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 274-275: c, l, m, 6, 25, 27; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53].
  • (3) "Microzodiac.” The division of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
    • (a) AO 6483: 6-i-tum Ca.la absin šum3-šu2 "6th part, its name is the Furrow." [TU, 14:16; Sachs 1952 66],
    • (b) Sp II 202+: 6-tu2 Ca.la ša2 lu absin / ša2 lu "the 6th part of Aries - Aries' Furrow". [Schaumberger 1955 245:14-15].
  • (4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(= ŠU) 12 // KIdidli 24 // ši-gu-šu2 qaqqad(SAG.DU) a-ri-bi u kappi(PA) a-ri-bi MIN(= tapaššaš) "Duzu 12 // Virgin 240 // Flour from šigūšu-barley, raven’s head and raven’s wing – you smear" [SpTU III, 104: 12, and also 104:25]; parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:5, 18].
  • (5) Zodiacal astrology. KI KI.DAL a-lid ... "In the vicinity of the Furrow was born..." [LBAT, 1593 rev. 5′; Reiner 2000]. See also [SpTU I, 96:6; SpTU III, 102:13-14]. LIn the new edition of BM 46083: šur-ši PABSINR 15 PSA4 ša2 ABSIN 24R + [x...] "Root of Furrow 15. Brilliant Star of the Furrow 24 [+x]." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 563-564]

II. Deity.

The goddess Shala, probably of Hurrian origin, was considered the consort of Adad, the god of thunder (in other versions – Dagan). It is mentioned in texts dating to the Old Babylonian times. Among the known epithets, not a single one indicates its astral meaning [Tallqvist 453]. The symbol on the kudurru – an ear, sometimes next to the symbol of Adad [Seidl 1968 138], or a ram on a plinth with an ear [ibid. 74, 147] (Fig. 48). Prayers and rituals. The ritual of the "washing of the mouth" (mīs pî) or the "revival" of the statue-deity, see (Kurtik a48)AŠ.GAN2.

III. Symbol.

  • In MUL.APIN I ii 10 is given the identity: "Furrow, goddess Shala, ear".
  • On the Seleucid tablet AO 6448 is depicted a standing female figure in a long garment, draped at the waist, with an ear in her hand, and next to her are symbolic images of Mercury, the Raven and Snake [Weidner 1924, Taf. 5; 1967, Taf. 10] (fig. 12). This is probably the figure of the constellation mulAB.SIN2. A similar figure is presented on one poorly preserved Seleucid gemma imprint [AUWE 19, No. 107] (Fig. 31).
  • The image of the ear is also found on Seleucid seals from Uruk in combination with other astral symbols (Capricornus, bull, month) [AUWE 19, No. 697-704, 861, 866; App. I 155] (fig. 38). The standing female figure with an ear in her hand–just like the symbol of the Virgin found on Egyptian monuments of the late Hellenistic times–is probably of Mesopotamian origins [Kurtik 2002, ill. 5, 7].
  • On the "Planisphere" K 8538, according to Koch's interpretation, the schematic picture of mulAB.SIN2 is given in the 5th sector in the form of a triangle, in which is the inscription BAD BAD. [Koch 1989 80-85] (ill. 9).
  • According to D. Foxvog, the text W 22646 contains a list of zodiacal constellation symbols; in it AB.SIN2 (sign of the zodiac sign Virgo) is put in correspondence with ŠE.BAR "grain". [Foxvog 1993 107; SpTU II, 43:6, 23].

VI. Astrology.

Identifications:
  • (1) = Bow; PDIŠ mulKU6R ana mulBAN TE ... dGU4.UD ana mulA[B.SIN2] "If the Fish approaches the Bow ... (it means:) Mercury (approaches) the Furrow" [BPO 2, XVI 17, + Parallels; ARAK 325:4-7].
  • (2) = Arrow; DIŠ mulBAN ana mulKAK.SI.SA2 KUR-ud ... dGU4.UD ina ŠA3 mulAB.SIN2 DU-ma "If the Bow reaches the Arrow ... (it means:) Mercury stands within the Furrow" [BPO 2, XVI 18 + Parallels].
  • (3) = The Field; cf. [ARAK 82 r. 8].

See also “The Great Star List”

Predictions:
  • (4) A lunar eclipse within the Furrow;
    • DIŠ ina itiŠE UD.14.KAM AN.MI 30 GAR-ma ...taš-nin-tu4 ina KUR GAL2-ši ina KI AB.SIN2 u GENNA BAD.MEŠ "If in the 14th of Adar a lunar eclipse occurs, ... there will be a conflict in the country. (If it occurs) within the Furrow and Saturn, (there will be) a plague." [ABCD 285: 28-29];
    • [...mulA]B.SIN2 a-dir EŠ.BAR AB.SIN2 AB.SIN2 GUN-ša2 i-Car-ra-ar SU.KU2 ŠE u PIN.NUR "[If the Moon] is eclipsed in the Furrow: solution for the furrow; income from the furrows will decrease, there will be hunger for barley and straw" [NSAM 2, Table IIa: 3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1849:46].
  • (5) Venus and the Furrow;
    • [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma me-Cu-u2 ZI-a na-ram-ti LUGAL [...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and a hurricane wind accumulates: the king's beloved woman ..." [BPO 3 218, K.3601 rev. 26],
    • [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma IM.Ux.LU DU ŠUB-ti Gu-ti-[i...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and the southern winds blow: the fall of the Guti..." [ibid., rev. 27],
    • [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma IM.SI.SA2 DU SAL.UŠ.DAM [...] "[If Venus] comes close to the [Fu]rrow and the northern winds blow: the main wife ..." [ibid., rev 28]; for a parallel see. [ibid., ND4362: 18-20].
  • (6) Uriri and the Furrow; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana AB.SIN2 KU.NU-ma ŠU.BI.AŠ.AM3 "If the star Uriri (= comet?) approaches the Furrow: the same will happen (= horse pestilence)" (MUL.APIN II iii 24) [MA 110].
  • (7) Mercury in the Furrow has great brilliance; see (Kurtik u11)UGA, VI 3.
  • (8) Observations for astrological purposes;
    • mu-ši a-ga-a d30 TUR3 il-ta-mi / mulAB.SIN2 u mulA.EDIN ina ŠA3-bi u2-šu-uz-zu "That night a halo surrounded the moon, the Furrow and Erua stood on the moon" [ARAK, 295 r. 1-2];
    • mulUDU.IDIM.GUD.UD ina dUTU.E3 0! / ina qaq-qar mulAB.SIN2 it-tan-mar "Mercury became visible in the east within the Furrow" [ARAK, 325: 1-2];
    • TUR3 ša2 mulAB.SIN2 / a-na A.AN u A.KAL / ina EN.TE.NA i-lap-pat "The halo (around and within the Moon) of the Furrow foretells rain and flood in the winter season" [ARAK, 378: 1-2]. [ARAK, 378: 4-r.1];
    • mulDil-bat a-na mulAB!.SIN2 / i-kaš-šad "Venus will reach (the limits of) the Furrow" [LABS 224: 10]; for observations on Mars and its approach to the Furrow, see [ibid. [ibid. 206: 4-9].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, a06+a07) Gössmann (1950, 4)

a07. mulABSIN (353),

вар. чтения: mulKI.AŠ.AŠ, mulKI.DILI.DILI, mulKI.DIDLI, mulKI.DAL; вар. обозначения: ABSIN0(KI); = šersu "Борозда" [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; Ungnad 257; G. 4]. O вероятном переводе ABSIN "Ячменный Стебель" см. [Sachs 1952а 146, note 3]. Созвездие и знак зодиака mulAB.SIN2 "Борозда" (= Дева, Virgo) в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах. См. также  a06AB.SIN2.

I. Источники.

"Дневники наблюдений". (1) Стандартное обозначение 6-го знака зодиака; самый ранний пример см. [AD I, No.-463:6-7], но несомненно употреблялось и раньше, поскольку сокращение от ABSIN ― ABSIN0(KI) встречается уже в лунных таблицах, датируемых –474 годом [Aaboe-Sachs 11; Britton 1989 29-31]. (2) Входило в название двух "нормальных звезд": a) DELE ša2 IGI ABSIN "Отдельная (звезда) впереди Борозды" (γ Vir), b) SA4  ša2  ABSIN "(Звезда) с большим блеском Борозды" (α Vir) [AD I 18 and passim]. Математическая астрономия. ABSIN, ABSIN0 ― обозначения 6-го знака зодиака в эфемеридах [ACT 38, 467]. "Анафора". BM 36609+: … KI ša2 ABSIN [Roughton-Steele-Walker 543, Section 4: obv. ii 19-20]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) Гороскопы: ABSIN — обозначение 6-го знака зодиака [BH, passim]. (2) "Лунарии". а) BRM IV, 20, см. a06AB.SIN2, b) BRM IV, 19: ABSIN — обозначение знака зодиака Борозда (=Дева) в зодиакальной схеме, известной под названием "додекатемория" [Ungnad 274-275: c, l, m, 6, 25, 27; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53]. (3) "Микрозодиак". Деление знака зодиака Наемник (=Овен) на 12 частей: a) АО 6483: 6-i-tum Ca.la absin šum3-šu2 "6-я часть, ее имя Борозда" [TU, 14:16; Sachs 1952 66], b) Sp II 202+: 6-tu2 Ca.la ša2 lu absin / ša2 lu "6-я часть  Овна — Борозда Овна" [Schaumberger 1955 245:14-15]. (4) Календарно-ритуальные тексты. W 22704 (рецепт изготовления мази + "додекатемория"): MIN(= ŠU) 12 // KIdidli 24 // ši-gu-šu2 qaqqad(SAG.DU) a-ri-bi u kappi(PA) a-ri-bi MIN(= tapaššaš) "Дуузу 12 // Дева 240 // Муку из šigūšu-ячменя, голову ворона и крыло ворона — ты намазываешь" [SpTU III, 104: 12, а также 104:25]; параллель для месяца арахсамну см. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:5, 18]. (5) Зодиакальная астрология. KI KI.DAL a-lid … "В области Борозды родился…" [LBAT, 1593 rev. 5′; Reiner 2000]. См. также [SpTU I, 96:6; SpTU III, 102:13-14]. Поздневавилонский каталог BM 46083. a) šur-ši absin 16 "Корень Ячменого Стебля(?):16 (Девы)" (γ Virginis). b) s[a4] ša2(?) absin(?) 28(?) "Блестящая (звезда) Ячменного Стебля (соответствует) 28(?) (Девы)" (α Virginis)  [Sachs 1952a 146:3'; ASM 150]. В новом издании BM 46083: šur-ši PABSINR 15 PSA4 ša2 ABSIN 24R + [x…] "Корень Борозды 15. Блестящая звезда Борозды 24 [+x]" [Roughton-Steele-Walker 563-564].

In den rein astron. Texten der S.Ä. wird zumeist Ki ·AS·AS ( = ABSIN), zuweilen auch bloss Ki (93 (81-7-6) Vs.7.9.; RmIV 397, 10; Epp.Astrono. S.149) geschrieben, und zwar ohne Determinativ {Sp 129, 38; Sp 128, 22; SH 272 ll 7; dagegen AO 6483 Vs16: rnul2Ki ·AŠ·AŠ).

In den früheren astron. sowie in den astrol. Texten wird AB•SiN2 (=ABSIN) geschrieben.

a06. mul AB.SIN2 (137),

= še/irsu "Борозда" [AHw 7; CAD Š/2 330; G. 4]; созвездие, соответствующее современной Деве (Virgo). См. также a07ABSIN.


I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. Серия DC XXII: mulab.sin2 = ši-ir-su "Борозда" [SpTU III, 114A v 109]. EAE. См. [ABCD 285, BM 47447 r. 29; BPO 2, XVI 17-18; BPO 3, K.35:10, K.3601+: rev. 26-28, K.6021+:6, ND 4362 ii 18-20; NSAM 2 249; SpTU I, 90 r. 6'; 91:3; 93:7; 94:31; 96:6; SpTU III, 102:12-14]. "Астролябии". Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ану (№ 9): [mul]ab.sin2 [CT 33, 9 r. 12; MCG 176]. "Письма" и "Рапорты". См. [LABS, 224:10, 206:9; ARAK, 82 r. 8, 295 r. 2, 6].325:2, 378:5]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Ану (№ 15): mulAB.SIN2 dŠa-la šu-bu-ul-tu4  "Борозда, богиня Шала, колос" (I ii 10). (2) Даты гелиакических восходов: ina itiKIN UD 25 KAM mulAB.SIN2 IGI "25-го улулу Борозда становится видна" ( I ii 47). (3) Одновременные суточные восходы и заходы: mulKU6 u mulŠU.GI KURmeš-ma  mulAB.SIN2 u mulUR.IDIM ŠU2meš "Рыба и Старик восходят, а Борозда и Бешеный Пес заходят" (I iii 33). (4) Интервалы между датами гелиакических восходов: TA KUR ša2 mulŠU.PA 10 UDmeš ana KUR mulAB.SIN2 / TA KUR ša2 mulAB.SIN2 20 UDmeš ana KUR ša2 mulzi-ba-ni-tu4 "10 дней от восхода Шупы до восхода Борозды. 20 дней от восхода Борозды до восхода Весов" (I iii 36-37). (5) Звезды "на пути Луны": mulAB.SIN2, после mulUR.GU.LA, перед mulZi-ba-ni-tu4 (I iv 35), см. s20Sîn. (6) Астрологические предсказания: звезда U.RI.RI и AB.SIN2 (II iii 24), см. u01U.RI.RI [MA 33, 43, 52-54, 68, 110]. "Большой список звезд". Соответствия: mulban = mulab.sin2, mulgilim = mulmin, multir.an.na = mulmin, mula-ri-tum = mulmin, mulmar.gid2.da = mul[min], […], где mulmin, по-видимому, = mulab.sin2 [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:41ff.]. GU-текст. (K) mulE4-Pru6R(A.EDIN) kimin mulab.sin2 dŠullat(PA) u Daniš(LUGAL) muludu.idim.gu4.ud / ša2 ana(ŠE3) mu[l]ab.sin2 ina igi muluga gub-zu gu "Эруа (ziqpu XXV: γ Com) или Борозда (α Vir), Шуллат и Ханиш (ε Cen), Меркурий, который с Бороздой перед Вороном стоит, ― веревка" [Pingree-Walker, BM 78161:17-18]; согласно [Koch 1992 58], dŠullat(PA) u Daniš (LUGAL) — β, α Cen; см. также [ASM 92]. Dalbanna-текст. §a. mulab.sin2 "Борозда" (α Vir), см. z07ZI.BA.AN.NA. §v. mulsuCuš ab.sin2 "Основание Борозды" (α Vir), см. L07dLI9.SI4. Текст Nv. 10. mulAB.SIN2 как звезда Ану в месяцы кислиму и тебету (Obv. 6, 10), и как звезда AN.TA.ŠU2.UR.RA в месяце симану (Rev. 31) [Donbaz-Koch 65-66]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь.  (1) "Лунарии". BRM IV, 20: ki mulab.sin2, ki mulabs[in] "Область Борозды" [Ungnad 258-259: 3, 18], см. также a07ABSIN. (2) "Микрозодиак". Деление знака зодиака Лев на 12 частей в VAT 7847: 2-я часть — mulab.sin2 [Weidner 1967, Taf. 6],  см. также a07ABSIN. (3) "Гипсома". Борозда (=Дева) — гипсома Меркурия, см. g34GU4.UD. (4) Зодиакальная астрология. KI AB.SIN2 ša2 edi(SIG) ni-ziq-tu4 "Область Борозды (= Дева): одиночество, гнев" [SpTU II, 43:23]; параллель: KI ABSIN NI3.TUK ni-ziq-ti "Область Борозды: богатство, гнев" [TU, 14: 23; Sachs 1952 66, 68], см. также [Емельянов 1999 192]. (5) Предсказание цен на злаки на основе наблюдений положений планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий и других явлений (AB.SIN2) [SpTU I, 94:31]. (6) Предсказания, основанные на наблюдениях затмений Луны и положений Луны и планет относительно знаков зодиака. DIŠ 30 ina mulAB.SIN2 AN.MI [GAR-ma…] "Если Луна затмилась в Борозде (= в Деве)…" [Rochberg-Halton 1984 134:10′, 136: rev. 20], см. s20Sîn.

См. также [TCL 6 13: col. ii 21; SpTU II, 42 r. 4].

II. Божество.

Богиня Шала, имеющая, вероятно, хурритское происхождение, считалась супругой бога грозы Адада (по другой версии ― Дагана). Упоминается в текстах со старовавилонского времени. Среди известных эпитетов ни один не указывает на ее астральное значение [Tallqvist 453]. Символ на кудурру ― колос, расположенный иногда рядом с символом Адада [Seidl 1968 138], или баран на цоколе с колосом [ibid.  74, 147] (илл. 48). Молитвы и ритуалы. Ритуал "омовения рта" (mīs pî) или "оживления" статуи-божества, см. a48AŠ.GAN2.

        III. Символ.

В MUL.APIN I ii 10 приведено тождество: "Борозда, богиня Шала, колос". На селевкидской табличке AO 6448 изображена стоящая женская фигура в длинном одеянии, перетянутая в талии, с колосом в руках, рядом ― символические изображения Меркурия, Ворона и Змеи [Weidner 1924, Taf. 5; 1967, Taf. 10] (илл. 12). Вероятно, это и есть фигура созвездия mulAB.SIN2. Похожая фигура представлена на одном плохо сохранившемся селевкидском оттиске геммы [AUWE 19, No. 107] (илл. 31). Изображение колоса встречается также на селевкидских печатях из Урука в сочетании с другими астральными символами (козерог, бык, месяц) [AUWE 19, No. 697-704, 861, 866; App. I 155] (илл. 38). Стоящая женская фигура с колосом в руке, как символ Девы встречается на египетских памятниках позднеэллинистического времени и имеет, по-видимому, месопотамское происхождение [Куртик 2002, илл. 5, 7]. На "Планисфере" К 8538, согласно интерпретации Коха, схематическое изображение mulAB.SIN2 приводится в 5-м секторе в виде треугольника, внутри которого надпись BAD BAD [Koch 1989 80-85] (илл. 9). Согласно Д. Фоксвогу, текст W 22646 содержит список символов зодиакальных созвездий; в нем AB.SIN2 (обозначение знака зодиака Дева) поставлено в соответствие ŠE.BAR "зерно" [Foxvog 1993 107; SpTU II, 43:6, 23].

         IV. Отождествление:

= восточная часть созвездия Virgo (без β Vir) [G. 4];

= Virgo [Weidner 1957-1959 76];

= α + другие звезды Vir [BPO 2 10; МА 138; ASM 272];

= 74, 82, α Vir [Koch 1989 79].

= Virgo [Mesop.Astrol. 207, App. C].

V. Части созвездия и отдельные звезды:

(1) SA4 ša2 ABSIN "Блестящая (звезда) Борозды" (α Vir, Спика);

(2) DELE ša2 IGI ABSIN "Отдельная звезда впереди Борозды" (γ Vir); вар.: e-du ša2 IGI ABSIN [AD I 54, No. -463 Obv. 6].

Звезды (1) и (2) входили в число "нормальных звезд", см. m39MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ.

(3) mulSUDUŠ AB.SIN "Основание Борозды" (α Vir, Спика), см. Dbn-text (§v) [Walker 1995 40; Koch 1995 50; ASM 110; AD I 54].

(4) šur-ši absin "Корень Ячменного стебля" (γ Virginis), см. [Sachs 1952a 146; ASM 150].

VI. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1) = Лук; PDIŠ mulKU6R ana mulBAN TE … dGU4.UD ana mulA[B.SIN2] "Если Рыба приближается к Луку … (это означает:) Меркурий (подходит) к Борозде" [BPO 2, XVI 17, + Parallels; ARAK 325:4-7].

(2) = Стрела; DIŠ mulBAN ana mulKAK.SI.SA2 KUR-ud … dGU4.UD  ina ŠA3 mulAB.SIN2 DU-ma "Если Лук достигает Стрелы … (это означает:) Меркурий стоит в пределах Борозды" [BPO 2, XVI 18 + Parallels].

(3) = Поле; см. [ARAK 82 r. 8].

См. также "Большой список звезд".

Предсказания:

(4) Лунное затмение в Борозде; DIŠ ina itiŠE UD.14.KAM AN.MI 30 GAR-ma …taš-nin-tu4 ina KUR GAL2-ši ina KI AB.SIN2 u GENNA BAD.MEŠ "Если 14-го аддару происходит лунное затмение, … в стране будет конфликт. (Если оно происходит) в пределах Борозды и Сатурна, (будет) чума" [ABCD 285: 28-29]; […mulA]B.SIN2 a-dir EŠ.BAR AB.SIN2 AB.SIN2 GUN-ša2 i-Car-ra-ar SU.KU2 ŠE u PIN.NUR "[Если Луна] затмилась в Борозде: решение для борозды; доход от борозды уменьшится, голод на ячмень и солому" [NSAM 2, Table IIa: 3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1849:46].

(5) Венера и Борозда; [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma me-Cu-u2 ZI-a na-ram-ti LUGAL […] "[Если Венера] близко подходит к [Бо]розде и ураганный ветер поднимается: любимая женщина царя …" [BPO 3 218, K.3601 rev. 26], [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma IM.Ux.LU DU ŠUB-ti Gu-ti-[i…] "[Если Венера] близко подходит к [Бо]розде и южный ветер дует: падение гутиев…" [ibid., rev. 27], [DIŠ mulDil-bat ana mulA]B.SIN2 TE-ma IM.SI.SA2 DU SAL.UŠ.DAM […] "[Если Венера] близко подходит к [Бо]розде и северный ветер дует: главная жена …" [ibid., rev 28]; параллель см. [ibid., ND4362: 18-20].

(6) Урири и Борозда; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana AB.SIN2 KU.NU-ma ŠU.BI.AŠ.AM3 "Если звезда Урири (= комета?) приближается к Борозде: (произойдет) то же самое (= лошадиный мор)" (MUL.APIN II iii 24) [MA 110].

(7) Меркурий в Борозде имеет большой блеск; см. u11UGA, VI 3.

(8) Наблюдения в астрологических целях; mu-ši a-ga-a d30 TUR3 il-ta-mi / mulAB.SIN2  u mulA.EDIN ina ŠA3-bi u2-šu-uz-zu "Этой ночью гало окружало Луну, Борозда и Эруа стояли в нем" [ARAK, 295 r. 1-2]; mulUDU.IDIM.GUD.UD ina dUTU.E3 0! / ina qaq-qar mulAB.SIN2 it-tan-mar "Меркурий стал виден на востоке в пределах Борозды" [ARAK, 325: 1-2]; TUR3 ša2 mulAB.SIN2 / a-na A.AN u A.KAL / ina EN.TE.NA i-lap-pat "Гало (вокруг Луны в пределах) Борозды предвещает дождь и наводнение зимой" [ARAK, 378: 4-r.1]; mulDil-bat a-na mulAB!.SIN2 / i-kaš-šad "Венера достигнет (пределов) Борозды" [LABS 224: 10]; наблюдение Марса, приближающегося к Борозде, см. [ibid. 206: 4-9].

Example

Transformation of the Constellations

References