BURANUN

The two rivers of Mesopotamia with Babylon roughly at the closest encounter (equalling the knot of the cords in the sky).

^{mul íd}BURANUN is a Mesopotamian constellation in the western portion of the Pisces and Pegasus (Pisces + Pegasus). The association of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers with the two Babylonian asterisms  that comprise classical Pisces, Anunitum for the Euphrates and and ‘The Swallow,’ for the Tigris, derives from a sense that the shape of the Tigris and Euphrates river system on Earth in Babylonia, two diverging lines that meet at their middle, mirrors that of classical Pisces in the sky (see figure). Thus, the canal systems of southern Babylonia which connect the two rivers can be thought of as parallel on earth to the knot that ties the two tails of bird and fish-shaped asterisms in the heavens. For ‘Anunitum,’ the Euphrates’ constellation connected with fish and aquatic themes see [Beaulieu 2018, pp. 42-43].

Dictionary

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var. reading: ^{mul íd}UD.KIB.NUN.KI; = Purattu "Euphrates" [G. 53]

Sources	Identifications
Lexical texts. Series Ḫg. B VI: mul ídburanun = si-nun-tum = [...] "Euphrates = Swallow." [MSL XI, 40:23].	Psc-And-area with two rivers overlay to Anunitu + Swallow (SMH 2025)
"The Great Star List". (1) mul ídburanun = mulšim.maḫ "Euphrates = Swallow"; (2) egir.meš-tum = ídburanunki "Rear (Crab stars) = Euphrates"; (3) astrological predictions (see Kurtik a18 AL.LUL 𒀠𒈜) [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:147, 149, 152; Weidner 1959-60, 107].	Animation: The two Mesopotamian constellations of Tigris and Euphrates at the position(s) of the (alternative) Mesopotamian constellations of Anunitu and The Swallow. Visualisation by SMH with drawings by R. Perdok (LWL Planetarium Münster) on a Stellarium map.
List of stars VR 46, 1:34. mulA-nu-ni-tu4 u mulŠi-nu-nu-tu4 = ídidigna u ídburanun "Anunity and the Swallow = Tigris and Euphrates" [HBA 52:34; Wee 2016, 162-3:34].
Uranologies MLC 1866. [MU]L.MEŠ ídIDIGNA u ídBURANUNki ina ṣip-ri mulZIB<me> "The stars of the Tigris and the Euphrates at the tip of the Tails" (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 35, 39, Section A].

The name appears quite late, not earlier than the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, as it is absent in Urra XXII. See also (Kurtik a18) AL.LUL 𒀠𒈜, (Kurtik s19) SIM.MAḪ.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, b12)

Gössmann (1950)

вар. чтения: mul ídUD.KIB.NUN.KI; = Purattu «Евфрат» [G. 53]; созвездие в западной части Рыб и Пегаса (Pisces + Pegasus). I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. Серия Ḫg. B VI: mul ídburanun = si-nun-tum = […] «Евфрат = Ласточка» [MSL XI, 40:23]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mul ídburanun = mulšim.maḫ «Евфрат = Ласточка»; (2) egir.meš-tum = ídburanunki «Задние (звезды Краба) = Евфрат»; (3) астрологическое предсказание (см. a18AL.LIL) [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:147, 149, 152; Weidner 1959–60, 107]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:34. mulA-nu-ni-tu4 u mulŠi-nu-nu-tuˆ = ídidigna u ídburanun «Ануниту и Ласточка = Тигр и Евфрат» [HBA 52:34; Wee 2016, 162–3:34]. MLC 1866. [MU]L.MEŠ ídIDIGNA u ídBURANUNki ina ṣip-ri mulZIB<me> «Звезды Тигр и Евфрат на острие Хвостов» (D i 8) [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 35, 39, Section A]. Название появилось достаточно поздно, не ранее начала I тыс. до н.э., поскольку оно отсутствует в Urra XXII. Cм. также a18AL.LUL, s19SIM.MAḪ.

Example

References

• Kurtik's references