Erra

^dErra is an Akkadian name for the King of the Underworld, more commonly known as Nergal, and associated with ^mulKA₅.A (the Fox, an asterism in Ursa Major). Erra is already in use as a name for an Akkadian asterisms in the Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night, but there cannot be positively identified with 'The Fox'-constellation. This is only attested in MUL.APIN.

1) How do we know it is in the Great Bear

   2) Mars is OK but see below

   Mul-Apin, Al-Rawi-Black 118: 10' is not Mul-Apin but is Erra Tablet II

           what is Kurtik 2019? – mulka5.a = Mars - so this is Mars also

           in Erra epic - etc. etc. we need to reword

Dictionary

Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023)

Reading the first list of MUL.APIN as an explanatory list:

			explanandum	explanans
counting	line number	DIŠ	asterism	deity
16	I i 15	1	mulMAR.GÍD.DA	dNin-líl
17	I i 16,17	1	MUL šá KI za-ri-i šá mulMAR.GÍD.DA GUB-zu | mulKA5.A	dÈr-ra gaš-ri D.meš
translation
16	I i 15	1	STAREREQQU(Wagon)	GODNinlil
17	I i 16,17	1	asterism by the pole of STAREREQQU : STARŠĒLEBU(Fox)	GODErra, the  strong of the gods

Akk. name of Nergal, the ruler of the netherworld. ^dÈr-ra (EN 17r).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= ^dIr₃-ra "Erra, Irra"; deity of war and plague, one of the names of Nergal [Roberts 1972, 21-29; Tallqvist 1938, 329];

• 1) a group of stars in the constellation of the Great Bear,
• 2) Mars(?).

Sources	Identifications
"Prayers to the Gods of the Night." Old Babylonian prayer: a) Erm. 15642: qu2-ra-du-um dEr3-ra "Heroic Err." [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:16], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306], b) AO 6769: qu2-ra-du Ir-ra [Dossin 1935, 181-182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60], c) CBS 574: ˹qu3-ra˺-[d]u [I]r3-ra [Horowitz-Wasserman 1996, 58:13].	Example
MUL.APIN. The stars of Enlil (no. 16, 17): DIŠ MUL ša ina KI zar-ri-ri ša mulMAR.GÍD.DA GUB-zu The asterism which stands in the shaft of the Wagon. mulKA5.A dEr3-ra gaš-ri DINGIRmeš "Fox, Erra, strong among the gods" (I i 17) [MA, 23].	Example
"Ishum and Erra." a) See k06KA5.A, b) kak-kab dEr3-ra um-mu-lu ša-ru-ri i-na-aš2-ši "Erra's star sparkles and emits radiance." [Al-Rawi-Black 1989, 118:10′]. See also [Kurtik 2019, note 34].

Additional

         II. Identification.

         As a constellation:

         See k06KA₅.A.

         As planet Mars, see below.

         III. Astrology.

         (1) Pleiades and Erra (= Mars?); UL.UL ni-iḫ-su-ma UD.DA-su-nu NU GAL₂ ^dIr₃-ra ZI-ma UN.MEŠ ul u₂-[šam-qat] "If the Stars (stand) aside and have no light: Erra will rise, but will not kill men" [BPO 2, XV 29 + Parallels].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, e20)

Gössmann (1950)

= dIr3-ra «Эрра, Ирра»; божество войны и чумы, одно из имен Нергала [Roberts 1972, 21–29; Tallqvist 1938, 329]; 1) группа звезд в созвездии Большой Медведицы, 2) Марс(?). I. Источники. «Молитвы ночным богам». Старовавилонская молитва: a) Erm. 15642: qu2-ra-du-um dEr3-ra «Героический Эрра» [Horowitz 2000, 196–197:16], а также [Шилейко 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306], b) AO 6769: qu2-ra-du Ir-ra [Dossin 1935, 181–182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60], c) CBS 574: ˹qu3-ra˺-[d]u [I]r3-ra [Horowitz–Wasserman 1996, 58:13]. MUL.APIN. Звезды Энлиля (№ 16): mulKA5.A dEr3-ra gaš-ri DINGIRmeš «Лиса, Эрра, сильный среди богов» (I i 17) [MA, 23]. «Ишум и Эрра». a) См. k06KA5.A, b) kak-kab dEr3-ra um-mu-lu ša-ru-ri i-na-aš2-ši «Звезда Эрры сверкает и испускает сияние» [Al-Rawi–Black 1989, 118:10′]. См. также [Kurtik 2019, note 34]. II. Отождествление. Как созвездие: См. k06KA5.A. Как планета Марс, см. ниже. III. Астрология. (1) Плеяды и Эрра (= Марс?); UL.UL ni-iḫ-su-ma UD.DA-su-nu NU GAL2 dIr3-ra ZI-ma UN.MEŠ ul u2-[šam-qat] «Если Звезды (стоят) в стороне и не имеют света: Эрра взойдет, но не будет убивать людей» [BPO 2, XV 29 + Parallels].

Example

References

• Kurtik's references