ERIN2: Difference between revisions

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ERIN2
(please see my queries re. Akkadian gishrinnu and Sumerian rin2)
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:ERIN<sub>2</sub>}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:ERIN<sub>2</sub>}}
[[File:Balance stellarium.jpg|alt=star chart|thumb|The Babylonian Balance (Libra) in Stellarium; painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
[[File:Balance stellarium.jpg|alt=star chart|thumb|The Babylonian Balance (Libra) in Stellarium; painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
ERIN<sub>2</sub> (𒂟) is a first millennium Sumerian name for [[Libra]] whose usual name in Akkadian is ''[[Zibānītum|Zibānītu]]'' (corresponding to Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>[[ZI.BA.AN.NA]]). <s>llation 'yoke' is the arm in the middle of the balance</s>.
ERIN<sub>2</sub> (𒂟) is a first millennium Sumerian name for [[Libra]] whose usual name in Akkadian is ''[[Zibānītum|Zibānītu]]'' (corresponding to Sumerian <sup>mul</sup>[[ZI.BA.AN.NA]]). The two bright stars of Libra may be for the cross bar connecting α and β Librae, which may have been seen to hold the other elements of the mechanism in place.


I do not see any examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name?? nor clear evidence for readingRIN. ??? Herman
I do not see any examples of <sup>mul</sup>''gišrinnu'' as a star-name?? nor clear evidence for reading RIN.

A reading RIN was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), even if this is not attested as a star name.
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
Var. reading:
Var. reading:
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|-
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|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
*(1) Original designations of the constellation and then of the zodiac sign Libra [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":1">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, passim]; earliest example: ERIN<sub>2</sub> in the diary for -651 [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 42:16], later without the determinative.
*(1) Original designations of the constellation and then of the zodiacal sign Libra [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I-III<ref name=":1">''Sachs A., Hunger H''. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.</ref>, passim]; earliest example: ERIN<sub>2</sub> in the diary for -651 [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 42:16], later without the determinative.
*(2) Included in the names of the two "normal stars":
*(2) Included in the names of the two "normal stars":
**a) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ULU<sub>3</sub> "Southern part of the Librae" (α Librae),
**a) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ULU<sub>3</sub> "Southern part of the Librae" (α Librae),
**b) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SI "Northern part of the Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 18].
**b) ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> SI "Northern part of the Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I<ref name=":1" />, 18].
|Example
|Example
|-
|-
|'''Mathematical Astronomy.'''
|'''Mathematical Astronomy.'''
*Sign of the zodiac Librae [ACT I-III<ref name=":1" />; LBAT<ref name=":2">''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, passim]; used in lunar tablets dating from the late 5th century B.C. [Aaboe-Sachs 1969<ref>''Aaboe A., Sachs A''. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.</ref>; Britton 1989<ref>''Britton J.P.'' An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.</ref>, 30-31; 2010<ref>Britton, J. P. (2010). Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac. ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', ''64''(6), 617–663. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134332. </ref>].
*Sign of the zodiac Librae [ACT I-III<ref name=":1" />; LBAT<ref name=":2">''A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier,'' Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.</ref>, passim]; used in lunar tablets dating from the late 5th century B.C. [Aaboe and Sachs 1969<ref>''Aaboe A., Sachs A''. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.</ref>; Britton 1989<ref>''Britton J.P.'' An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.</ref>, 30-31; 2010<ref>Britton, J. P. (2010). Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac. ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', ''64''(6), 617–663. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134332. </ref>].
|Example
|Example
|-
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|'''Late astrology, magic and calendar.'''
|'''Late astrology, magic and calendar.'''
*(1) Horoscopes. ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the designation of the 7th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
*(1) Horoscopes. ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the designation of the 7th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
*(2) "Lunaria." BRM IV 19: ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the zodiac sign of Libra in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 274-275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>].
*(2) "Lunaria." BRM IV 19: ERIN<sub>2</sub> is the zodiacal sign of Libra in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3">''Ungnad A.'' Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.</ref>, 274-275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugebauer and Sachs 1952-53<ref>''Neugebauer O., Sachs A.'' The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.</ref>].
* (3) "Microzodiac. The subdivision of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts. Sp II 202+:16-17: 7-tu<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "The 7th part of the Hired Man is the Libra of the Hired Man." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 245].
* (3) "Microzodiac. The subdivision of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts. Sp II 202+:16-17: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "The 7th part of the Hired Man is the Libra of the Hired Man." [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4">''Schaumberger J.'' Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.</ref>, 245].
*(4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making healing ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN<sub>2</sub> 21 // KI.KAL-''tim tapašašaš''(ŠEŠ<sub>ˆ</sub>) "Duuzu 4 // Scales 210 // Anything you smear"(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, also 16, 29], for translation difficulties see. [ibid.<ref name=":4" /> 200, Bemerk. Z. 3]; for a parallel for the month of arahsamnu see. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 105:9, 22].
*(4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making healing ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN<sub>2</sub> 21 // ''qi''<sub>2</sub>''-lip''<sub>2</sub> GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''tapaššaš''(ŠEŠ<sub>ˆ</sub>) "Du'uzu 4 // Scales 21 // you smear peeled-off skin of a scorpion"(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, also 16, 29], for reading see [Wee 2016, 178 fn. 109]; for a parallel for the month of Araḫsamnu see W 22619/9+ [SpTU III<ref name=":5">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 105:9, 22].
*(5) Hypsoma. Libra — the hypsoma of Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]]
*(5) Hypsoma. Libra — the hypsoma of Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) [[UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ]]
*(6) Zodiacal astrology.
*(6) Zodiacal astrology.
**a) See (Kurtik z06) [[ZI]].
**a) See (Kurtik z06) [[ZI]].
**b) [K]I <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>... "Area of Libra ...", KI <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''a-lid ki-nu la ki-num'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ra-gu-ug''<sup>?</sup> šu<sub>2</sub> "Born in the realm of the Libra: (character) faithful or unfaithful, will Shamash treat him evil?" [LBAT<ref name=":2" />, 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].
**b) [K]I <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>... "Area of Libra ...", KI <sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''a-lid ki-nu la ki-num'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''ra-gu-ug''<sup>?</sup> ''šu''<sub>2</sub> "Born in the area of Libra: (character) faithful or unfaithful, will Šamaš treat him evilly(?)" [LBAT<ref name=":2" />, 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000<ref>''Reiner E.'' Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.</ref>].
*(7) Predicting the prices of cereal on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. See also [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268].
*(7) Predicting the prices of cereal on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (<sup>múl</sup>ERIN<sub>2</sub>) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. See also [SpTU V<ref>''URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18''. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.</ref>, 268].
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|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''
|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''
*a) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> tu<sub>15</sub>-1 20 erin<sub>2</sub> "Southern Libra Bowl: 20 Librae" (α Librae).
*a) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> tu<sub>15</sub>-1 20 erin<sub>2</sub> "Southern Bowl of Scales: 20 Librae" (α Librae).
*b) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> š''a<sub>2</sub>'' tu<sub>15</sub>-2 25 erin<sub>2</sub> "Northern Bowl of Scales: 25 Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs 1952a<ref>''Sachs A.'' A Late Babylonian Star Catalogue // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 146-150.</ref>, 146:3′; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 150]; for a modern edition see. [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004<ref>''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, 563-564].
*b) <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> š''a<sub>2</sub>'' tu<sub>15</sub>-2 25 erin<sub>2</sub> "Northern Bowl of Scales: 25 Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs 1952a<ref>''Sachs A.'' A Late Babylonian Star Catalogue // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 146-150.</ref>, 146:3′; Hunger and Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 150]; for a modern edition see. [Roughton, Steele and Walker 2004<ref>''Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F.'' A Late Babylonian Normal and ''Ziqpu'' Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.</ref>, 563-564].
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|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
|'''GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> igi-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", udu.idim.sag.uš ''ša''<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> gub "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''[[Zibānītum]]''.
*(L) ''kal-lum'' <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> igi-''u''<sub>2</sub> "Front cup of Libra", udu.idim.sag.uš ''ša''<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> gub "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A|DINGIR.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>]] as well as (Kurtik z10) ''[[Zibānītum]]''.
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|'''Late astrology, variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
|'''Late astrology, variant GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub>'''
*(1) The Lunaries. BRM IV, 20: ki giš.erin<sub>2</sub> "Area of the Libra". [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3" />, 259:29; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 108].
*(1) The Lunaries. BRM IV, 20: ki giš.erin<sub>2</sub> "Area of Libra". [Ungnad 1941-44<ref name=":3" />, 259:29; Reiner 1995<ref>''Reiner E.'' Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.</ref>, 108].
* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
* (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
**a) AO 6483: [7-i]-tu<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],
**a) AO 6483: [7-i]-''tu''<sub>4</sub> ''zittu''(ḫa.la) <sup>múl</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU<ref>''Thureau-Dangin F''. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).</ref>, 14:17; Sachs 1952<ref>''Sachs A.'' Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.</ref>, 66],
**b) Sp II 202+: 7-tu<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "7th part of Aries — Libra Aries" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245:16-17],
**b) Sp II 202+: 7-''tu''<sub>2</sub> ḫa.la ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu <sup>múl</sup>erin<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>lu "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Schaumberger 1955<ref name=":4" />, 245:16-17],
**c) subdivisions of the zodiac sign Leo into 12 parts: VAT 7847: the 3rd part is <sup>mul</sup>[gi]š.erin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner  E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen  auf  babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6].
**c) subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Leo into 12 parts: VAT 7847: the 3rd part is <sup>mul</sup>[gi]š.erin<sub>2</sub> [Weidner 1967<ref>''Weidner  E. '' Gestirn-Darstellungen  auf  babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).</ref>, 16-17, Taf. 6].
*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].
*(3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann<ref name=":0" /> 176; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a<ref>''Rochberg-Halton F.'' Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.</ref>, 56].
*(4) Predictions from star climaxes, lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.
*(4) Predictions from star climaxes, lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.
**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR)ád ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun is moving in the direction (lit. reaching) of the Scales, the effe[cts of the ec]lipse have not come." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].
**''a-di-i'' <sup>d</sup>''Šamaš''(UTU) <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> ''ikaššad''(KUR)''ád'' ''pi-še''[''r''<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> ''att'']''alû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u''<sub>2</sub>''-šar''-[''ra'']-''a'' "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III<ref name=":5" />, 102:16-17].
*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].
*(5) Predicting the prices of grains: <sup>múl</sup>GIŠ.ERIN<sub>2</sub> [SpTU I<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.</ref>, 94, passim].
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Latest revision as of 19:13, 9 January 2026

star chart
The Babylonian Balance (Libra) in Stellarium; painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021).

ERIN2 (𒂟) is a first millennium Sumerian name for Libra whose usual name in Akkadian is Zibānītu (corresponding to Sumerian mulZI.BA.AN.NA). The two bright stars of Libra may be for the cross bar connecting α and β Librae, which may have been seen to hold the other elements of the mechanism in place.

I do not see any examples of mulgišrinnu as a star-name?? nor clear evidence for reading RIN.

A reading RIN was probably deduced from the word gišrinnu (attested syllabically as gi-iš-ri-in-nu), even if this is not attested as a star name.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

Var. reading:

  • mulRIN2; short for mulGIŠ.ERIN2 'Libra';
  • mulGIŠ.RIN2;
  • = mulgišrinnu "Libra";

The constellation and zodiacal sign Libra in later astronomical, astrological and magical texts [Gössmann[2] 176].

See also (Kurtik z10) Zibānītu, (Kurtik z07) ZI.BA.AN.NA.

(Kurtik g22) GIŠ.ERIN2 is merged here.

Sources Identifications
"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."
  • (1) Original designations of the constellation and then of the zodiacal sign Libra [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I-III[3], passim]; earliest example: ERIN2 in the diary for -651 [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I[3], 42:16], later without the determinative.
  • (2) Included in the names of the two "normal stars":
    • a) ERIN2 ša2 ULU3 "Southern part of the Librae" (α Librae),
    • b) ERIN2 ša2 SI "Northern part of the Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs and Hunger Diaries I[3], 18].
 Example
Mathematical Astronomy.
  • Sign of the zodiac Librae [ACT I-III[3]; LBAT[4], passim]; used in lunar tablets dating from the late 5th century B.C. [Aaboe and Sachs 1969[5]; Britton 1989[6], 30-31; 2010[7]].
 Example
Late astrology, magic and calendar.
  • (1) Horoscopes. ERIN2 is the designation of the 7th sign of the zodiac [BH, passim].
  • (2) "Lunaria." BRM IV 19: ERIN2 is the zodiacal sign of Libra in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44[8], 274-275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugebauer and Sachs 1952-53[9]].
  • (3) "Microzodiac. The subdivision of the zodiacal sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts. Sp II 202+:16-17: 7-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlerin2 ša2 múllu "The 7th part of the Hired Man is the Libra of the Hired Man." [Schaumberger 1955[10], 245].
  • (4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making healing ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN2 21 // qi2-lip2 GIR2.TAB tapaššaš(ŠEŠˆ) "Du'uzu 4 // Scales 21 // you smear peeled-off skin of a scorpion"(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, also 16, 29], for reading see [Wee 2016, 178 fn. 109]; for a parallel for the month of Araḫsamnu see W 22619/9+ [SpTU III[11], 105:9, 22].
  • (5) Hypsoma. Libra — the hypsoma of Saturn, see (Kurtik u09) UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ
  • (6) Zodiacal astrology.
    • a) See (Kurtik z06) ZI.
    • b) [K]I múlERIN2... "Area of Libra ...", KI múlERIN2 a-lid ki-nu la ki-num dUTU ra-gu-ug? šu2 "Born in the area of Libra: (character) faithful or unfaithful, will Šamaš treat him evilly(?)" [LBAT[4], 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000[12]].
  • (7) Predicting the prices of cereal on the basis of observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena (múlERIN2) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. See also [SpTU V[13], 268].
Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.
  • a) múlerin2 ša2 tu15-1 20 erin2 "Southern Bowl of Scales: 20 Librae" (α Librae).
  • b) múlerin2 ša2 tu15-2 25 erin2 "Northern Bowl of Scales: 25 Librae" (β Librae) [Sachs 1952a[14], 146:3′; Hunger and Pingree 1999[15], 150]; for a modern edition see. [Roughton, Steele and Walker 2004[16], 563-564].
GU-text: variant GIŠ.ERIN2
  • (L) kal-lum mulgiš.erin2 igi-u2 "Front cup of Libra", udu.idim.sag.uš ša2 igi mulgiš.erin2 gub "Saturn that stands ahead of Libra" [Pingree and Walker 1988[17], BM 78161:19-20], see (Kurtik d11) DINGIR.KU.Ameš as well as (Kurtik z10) Zibānītum.
Late astrology, variant GIŠ.ERIN2
  • (1) The Lunaries. BRM IV, 20: ki giš.erin2 "Area of Libra". [Ungnad 1941-44[8], 259:29; Reiner 1995[18], 108].
  • (2) "Microzodiac. The subdivisions of the zodiac sign Hired Man (=Aries) into 12 parts:
    • a) AO 6483: [7-i]-tu4 zittu(ḫa.la) múlgiš.erin2 šum3-šu2 "7th part, its name is Libra" [TU[19], 14:17; Sachs 1952[20], 66],
    • b) Sp II 202+: 7-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlerin2 ša2 múllu "7th part of Aries — Libra of Aries" [Schaumberger 1955[10], 245:16-17],
    • c) subdivisions of the zodiacal sign Leo into 12 parts: VAT 7847: the 3rd part is mul[gi]š.erin2 [Weidner 1967[21], 16-17, Taf. 6].
  • (3) Libra as Saturn's hypsoma [Gössmann[2] 176; MA[22], 146-147; Mesop.Astrol.[23], 134-136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a[24], 56].
  • (4) Predictions from star climaxes, lunar eclipses and positions of the Sun relative to constellations.
    • a-di-i dŠamaš(UTU) múlGIŠ.ERIN2 ikaššad(KUR)ád pi-še[r3-ša2 att]alû(AN.GI6) ul u2-šar-[ra]-a "While the Sun reaches the Scales, [its interpretation: the ec]lipse will not begin." [SpTU III[11], 102:16-17].
  • (5) Predicting the prices of grains: múlGIŠ.ERIN2 [SpTU I[25], 94, passim].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, e18 mulERIN2) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulRIN2; сокращение от mulGIŠ.ERIN2 «Весы»; созвездие и знак зодиака Весы (Libra) в поздних астрономических, астрологических и магических текстах [Gössman 1950, 176]. См. также g22GIŠ.ERIN2, z10Zibānītu, z07ZI.BA.AN.NA.

I. Источники.

«Дневники наблюдений». (1) Обозначение первоначально созвездия, а затем знака зодиака Весы [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I–III, passim]; самый ранний пример: ERIN2 в дневнике за –651 год [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I, 42:16], позднее без детерминатива. (2) Входило в названия двух «нормальных звезд»: a) ERIN2 ša2 ULU3 «Южная часть Весов» (α Librae), b) ERIN2 ša2 SI «Северная часть весов» (β Librae) [Sachs-Hunger Diaries I, 18]. Математическая астрономия. Знак зодиака Весы [ACT I–III; LBAT, passim]; используется в лунных таблицах, датируемых концом V в. до н.э. [Aaboe–Sachs 1969; Britton 1989, 30–31; 2010]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Гороскопы». ERIN2 — обозначение 7-го знака зодиака [BH, passim]. (2) «Лунарии». BRM IV 19: ERIN2 — знак зодиака Весы в зодиакальной схеме, известной под названием «додекатемория» [Ungnad 1941–44, 274–275:e, n, o, 9, 21, 32; Neugeb.–Sachs 1952–53]. (3) «Микрозодиак». Подразделение знака зодиака Наемник (=Овен) на 12 частей. Sp II 202+:16–17: 7-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlerin2 ša2 múllu «7-я часть Наемника — Весы Наемника» [Schaumberger 1955, 245]. (4) Календарно-ритуальные тексты. W 22704 (рецепт изготовления лечебной мази + «додекатемория»): MIN(=ŠU) 4 // ERIN2 21 // KI.KAL-tim tapaššaš(ŠEŠ2) «Дуузу 4 // Becы 210 // Все что угодно намазываешь»(?) [SpTU III, 104:3, а также 16, 29], о трудностях перевода см. [ibid. 200, Bemerk. Z. 3]; параллель для месяца арахсамну см. W 22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105:9, 22]. (5) «Гипсома». Весы — гипсома Сатурна, см. u09UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ (6) Зодиакальная астрология. a) См. z06ZI. b) [K]I múlERIN2… «Область Весов …», KI múlERIN2 a-lid  ki-i-nu la ki-num dUTU ra-gu-ug?-šu2 «Родился в области Весов: (характер) верный или неверный, Шамаш будет обходиться с ним зло?» [LBAT, 1593: 2′, rev. 6′; Reiner 2000]. (7) Предсказание цен на злаки на основе наблюдений положений планет относительно зодиакальных созвездий и других явлений (múlERIN2) [SpTU I, 94, passim]. См. также [SpTU V, 268]. Поздневавилонский каталог BM 46083. a) múlerin2 ša2 tu15-1 20 erin2 «Южная Чаша Весов: 20 Весы» (α Librae). b) múlerin2 ša2 tu15-2 25 erin2 «Северная Чаша Весов: 25 Весы» (β Librae) [Sachs 1952a, 146:3′; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 150]; современное издание см. [Roughton–Steele–Walker 2004, 563–564].

Example
g22 mulGIŠ.RIN2
вар. чтения: mulGIŠ.RIN2; = mulgišrinnu «Весы»; созвездие и знак зодиака Весы (Libra) [Gössman 1950, 176]. См. также e18ERIN2.

I. Источники.

GU-текст. (L) kal-lum mulgiš.erin2 igi-u2 «Передняя чаша Весов», udu.idim.sag.uš ša2 igi mulgiš.erin2 gub «Сатурн, который стоит впереди Весов» [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:19–20], см. d11DINGIR.KU.Ameš, а также z10Zibānītum. Поздняя астрология. (1) «Лунарии». BRM IV, 20: ki giš.erin2 «Область Весов» [Ungnad 1941–44, 259:29; Reiner 1995, 108]. (2) «Микрозодиак». Подразделения знака зодиака Наемник (=Овен) на 12 частей: а) AO 6483: [7-i]-tu4 zittu(ḫa.la) múlgiš.erin2 šum3-šu2 «7-я часть, ее имя Весы» [TU, 14:17; Sachs 1952, 66], b) Sp II 202+: 7-tu2 ḫa.la ša2 múllu múlerin2 ša2 múllu «7-я часть Овна — Весы Овна» [Schaumberger 1955, 245:16–17], c) подразделения знака зодиака Лев на 12 частей: VAT 7847: 3-я часть — mul[gi]š.erin2 [Weidner 1967, 16–17, Taf. 6]. (3) Весы как гипсома Сатурна [Gössman 1950, 176; MA, 146–147; Mesop.Astrol., 134–136; Rochberg-Halton 1988a, 56]. (4) Предсказания по кульминациям звезд, лунным затмениям и положениям Солнца относительно созвездий. a-di-i dŠamaš(UTU) múlGIŠ.ERIN2 ikaššad(KUR)ád pi-še[r3-ša2 att]alû(AN.GI6) ul u2-šar-[ra]-a «Пока Солнце движется в направлении (букв. достигает) Весов, последс[твия зат]мения не наступ[ил]и» [SpTU III, 102:16–17]. (5) Предсказания цен на злаки: múlGIŠ.ERIN2 [SpTU  I, 94, passim].

См. также [SpTU I, 96:7].

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Sachs A., Hunger H. Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia. Vol. I: Diaries from 652 B.C. to 262 B.C.; Vol. II: from 261 B.C. to 165 B.C.; Vol. III: Diaries from 164 B.C. to 75 B.C. Vienna, 1988, 1989, 1991.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
  5. ↑ Aaboe A., Sachs A. Two Lunar Texts of the Achaemenid Period from Babylon // Centaurus. 1969. Vol. 14. Р. 1-22.
  6. ↑ Britton J.P. An Early Function for Eclipse Magnitudes in Babylonian Astronomy / Centaurus. 1989. Vol. 32. P. 1-52.
  7. ↑ Britton, J. P. (2010). Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac. Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 64(6), 617–663. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41134332.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ungnad A. Besprechungskunst und Astrologie in Babylonien // AfO. 1941-1944. Bd. 14, Heft 5/6. S. 251- 284.
  9. ↑ Neugebauer O., Sachs A. The "Dodekatemoria" in Babylonian Astrology // AfO. 1952-1953. Bd. XVI. S. 65- 66.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Schaumberger J. Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  12. ↑ Reiner E. Early Zodiologia and Related Matters / Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W.G.Lambert / Ed. by A.R.George and I.L.Finkel. Winona Lake, Indiana, 2000. P. 421-427.
  13. ↑ URUK. Špätbabylonische Texte aus dem Planquadrat U 18. Teil V / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Mainz am Rhein, 1998.
  14. ↑ Sachs A. A Late Babylonian Star Catalogue // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 146-150.
  15. ↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
  16. ↑ Roughton N.A., Steele J.M., Walker C.B.F. A Late Babylonian Normal and Ziqpu Star Text // AHES. 2004. Vol. 58. P. 537-572.
  17. ↑ Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.
  18. ↑ Reiner E. Astral Magic in Babylonia. Philadelphia, The Amer. Philos. Soc., 1995.
  19. ↑ Thureau-Dangin F. Tablettes d’Uruk. Paris, 1922 (= TCL 6).
  20. ↑ Sachs A. Babylonian Horoscopes // JCS. 1952. V. 6. P. 49-75.
  21. ↑ Weidner  E.  Gestirn-Darstellungen  auf  babylonischen Tontafeln. Wien, 1967 (Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philos.-hist. Kl., Sitzungsberichte, Bd. 254, Abh. 2).
  22. ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  23. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  24. ↑ Rochberg-Halton F. Elements of the Babylonian Contribution to Hellenistic Astrology // JAOS. 1988. Vol. 108. P. 51-62.
  25. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil I / Bearb. von H.Hunger. Berlin, 1976.
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