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==Dictionary== |
==Dictionary== |
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=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
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= ''kakkabu'' "Star, luminary"; |
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* 1) determinative before names of stars, asterisms, constellations, planets, |
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* 2) star, |
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* 3) constellation, |
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* 4) meteor, shooting star |
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* 5) epithet of Venus, |
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* 6) moon, |
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!Identifications |
!Identifications |
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|'''Lexical texts.''' |
|'''Lexical texts.''' |
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* (1) The sign mul heads the Old Babylonian lists of Sumerian star names [MSL XI, 107:387; 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 13]. |
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(1) The sign mul heads the Old Babylonian lists of Sumerian star names [MSL XI, 107:387; 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 13]. (2) Urra XXII series: mul = kak-ka-bu [Weidner 1959-60, 112, VAT 9430:16]; parallels [Emar VI/4, 151:150'(?); MSL XI, 30:23, 49:61; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 104:267ʹ]. (3). Sa series, copy from Emar: mu-ul a-na-eš-ša-bi / mul = ka-ak-ka-bu [Emar VI/4, 17: 287-288]. (4) Sb II series 4: <sup>mu-lu</sup>mul = kak-ka-bu [MSL III, 132:4]. (5) Proto-Ea 139/1: <sup>mu-ul</sup>mul = ka-ak-ka-bu-bu-um [MSL XIV, 94], see also [MSL II, 132:56]. (6) Series Ea II, 277: <sup>mu-ul</sup>mul = [k]ak-ka-bu [MSL XIV, 259]. (7) Series Aa II/6, ii 25: <sup>mu-lu</sup>mul = kak-ka-bu [MSL XIV, 291]. (8) NIGIN<sup>ki-li</sup>.AN = MUL AN-e [CT 18, 30 iv 15]. (9) UL, UMBIN, <sup>[x]-gi</sup>AKKIL, <sup>mu-lu [x x]-nu</sup>GAN2, <sup>i-ku</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub><sup>!</sup> = kak-ka-bu [CT 18, 49 ii 2-6; CT 19, 33, Text 80-7-19,307:4-8]. (10) <sup>d</sup>mul = gag-gab<sub>2</sub> ("Ebla Vocabulary"), cited in [Michalowski 2003, 404]. See also [AHw, 421b; CAD K, 45-46]. |
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* (2) Urra XXII series: mul = ''kak-ka-bu'' [Weidner 1959-60, 112, VAT 9430:16]; parallels [Emar VI/4, 151:150'(?); MSL XI, 30:23, 49:61; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 104:267ʹ]. |
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* (3). Sa series, copy from Emar: ''mu-ul a-na-eš-ša-bi'' / mul = ''ka-ak-ka-bu'' [Emar VI/4, 17: 287-288]. |
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* (4) Sb II series 4: <sup>mu-lu</sup>mul = ''kak-ka-bu'' [MSL III, 132:4]. |
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* (5) Proto-Ea 139/1: <sup>mu-ul</sup>mul = ''ka-ak-ka-bu-bu-um'' [MSL XIV, 94], see also [MSL II, 132:56]. |
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* (6) Series Ea II, 277: <sup>mu-ul</sup>mul = [''k'']''ak-ka-bu'' [MSL XIV, 259]. |
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* (7) Series Aa II/6, ii 25: <sup>mu-lu</sup>mul = ''kak-ka-bu'' [MSL XIV, 291]. (8) NIGIN<sup>ki-li</sup>.AN = MUL AN-''e'' [CT 18, 30 iv 15]. |
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* (9) UL, UMBIN, <sup>[x]-gi</sup>AKKIL, <sup>mu-lu [x x]-nu</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>, <sup>i-ku</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub><sup>!</sup> = ''kak-ka-bu'' [CT 18, 49 ii 2-6; CT 19, 33, Text 80-7-19,307:4-8]. |
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* (10) <sup>d</sup>mul = gag-gab<sub>2</sub> ("Ebla Vocabulary"), cited in [Michalowski 2003, 404]. See also [AHw, 421b; CAD K, 45-46]. |
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=== Additional === |
=== Additional === |
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(1) = determinative; the sign MUL was already used as a determinative before the names of celestial luminaries apparently in the middle of the 3rd millennium BC. [Lambert 1984a]; however, clear evidence refers only to the end of the 3rd to early 2nd millennium BCs; the earliest example (<sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub>), known to us, dates to the Ur III period [Sallaberger I, 54]. |
(1) = determinative; the sign MUL was already used as a determinative before the names of celestial luminaries apparently in the middle of the 3rd millennium BC. [Lambert 1984a]; however, clear evidence refers only to the end of the 3rd to early 2nd millennium BCs; the earliest example (<sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub>), known to us, dates to the Ur III period [Sallaberger I, 54]. |
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(2) = star, stars; standard epithet: MUL šamê(AN)<sup>e</sup> "Celestial object," MUL.MEŠ šamê(AN)<sup>e</sup> "Celestial objects," see, e.g., [CAD K, 47a; BPO 2, III 19a, XVI 1; LABS, 100:21, 160:35, 40]; stars as a special category of luminaries: <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.MEŠ u MUL.ME AN-e... "The planets and stars of the heavens..." [BPO 2, III 19a]. Protasis of astrological predictions and observations often mention stars belonging to a particular constellation (MUL-šu<sub>2</sub>, MUL.MEŠ-šu<sub>2</sub>), sometimes with an indication of their number, and also record changes in visibility, observed brilliance, color, size and other characteristics of stars. |
(2) = star, stars; standard epithet: MUL ''šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> "Celestial object," MUL.MEŠ ''šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> "Celestial objects," see, e.g., [CAD K, 47a; BPO 2, III 19a, XVI 1; LABS, 100:21, 160:35, 40]; stars as a special category of luminaries: <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.MEŠ ''u'' MUL.ME AN-''e''... "The planets and stars of the heavens..." [BPO 2, III 19a]. Protasis of astrological predictions and observations often mention stars belonging to a particular constellation (MUL-''šu''<sub>2</sub>, MUL.MEŠ''-šu''<sub>2</sub>), sometimes with an indication of their number, and also record changes in visibility, observed brilliance, color, size and other characteristics of stars. |
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(3) = constellation; in MUL.APIN in the catalog, the formula is often used in describing the positions of the constellations relative to each other: MUL ša<sub>2</sub> ina IGI-šu<sub>2</sub> / EGIR-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB-zu, lit. "The constellation that stands ahead/behind it", where MUL stands for "constellation" [MA]. |
(3) = constellation; in MUL.APIN in the catalog, the formula is often used in describing the positions of the constellations relative to each other: MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' IGI-''šu''<sub>2</sub> / EGIR-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'', lit. "The constellation that stands ahead/behind it", where MUL stands for "constellation" [MA]. |
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(4) = meteor, bolide, shooting star; DIŠ MUL ki <sup>giš</sup>di-pa-ri TA <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> SUR-ma / ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ŠU<sub>2</sub> ERIM KUR<sub>2</sub> ina DUGUD-ša<sub>2</sub> ŠUB-ut "If a star flashes like a torch from the east and sets in the west: the main army of the enemy will fall" [LABS, 111:3-4]. DIŠ MUL SUR-ma ṣe-re-er-šu<sub>2</sub> GIM UD.DA na-mir / ina ṣa-ra-ri-šu<sub>2</sub> GIM nam-maš-ti GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB KUN GAR-in... "If a star flares up and its radiance is like the light of day, (and) in its radiance it has a tail like a scorpion: this sign is auspicious" [labs 111:3-4] [ARAK, 158:1-3]. [DIŠ] MUL SUR-ma ki-ma di-pa-ri / [T]A <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub> ana <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> ŠU<sub>2</sub>... "[If] a star flashes like a torch [o]n the west to the east (and) sets: the enemy will capture my border city in Elam; (the fall of) the army of Elam" [ARAK, 303 r. 2-5]. DIŠ MUL TA <sup>im</sup>MAR SUR-ma ana ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>Li<sub>9</sub>-si<sub>4</sub> / <sup>d</sup>Ni-ri / <sup>d</sup>Sin... "If a star flashes from the west and enters the limits of the Fox, Yoke, and Sin: there will be a rebellion" (MUL.APIN II iii 42-44) [MA, 114-115]. [DIŠ MUL TA] <sup>im</sup>MAR ana ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>im</sup>KUR DIB u<sub>4</sub>-um 3 MU<sup>meš</sup> / [KUR ḪUL] IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> "[If a star] passes from the west to the east during the day: within three years [the country] will experience [evil]" (MUL.APIN II iii 48-49) [MA, 116]. [DIŠ MUL T]A MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-e SUR-ma ina <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ŠU<sub>2</sub> ZI.GA "[If a star] flashes [in] the middle of the sky and sets in the west: heavy losses" (MUL.APIN II iii 50) [MA, 116]. See also [ARAK, 230:5, 335:5, 396 r. 1, 552:4; LABS, 104:1,3; Chadwick 1993, 168-170, 181]. See also m32[[MUL.GAL]]. |
(4) = meteor, bolide, shooting star; DIŠ MUL ki <sup>giš</sup>''di-pa-ri'' TA <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> SUR-''ma'' / ''ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ŠU<sub>2</sub> ERIM KUR<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' DUGUD-''ša''<sub>2</sub> ŠUB-''ut'' "If a star flashes like a torch from the east and sets in the west: the main army of the enemy will fall" [LABS, 111:3-4]. DIŠ MUL SUR-''ma ṣe-re-er-šu''<sub>2</sub> GIM UD.DA ''na-mir'' / ''ina ṣa-ra-ri-šu''<sub>2</sub> GIM ''nam-maš-ti'' GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB KUN GAR-''in''... "If a star flares up and its radiance is like the light of day, (and) in its radiance it has a tail like a scorpion: this sign is auspicious" [labs 111:3-4] [ARAK, 158:1-3]. [DIŠ] MUL SUR-''ma ki-ma di-pa-ri'' / [T]A <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.E<sub>3</sub> ŠU<sub>2</sub>... "[If] a star flashes like a torch [o]n the west to the east (and) sets: the enemy will capture my border city in Elam; (the fall of) the army of Elam" [ARAK, 303 r. 2-5]. DIŠ MUL TA <sup>im</sup>MAR SUR-''ma ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Li''<sub>9</sub>-''si''<sub>4</sub> / <sup>d</sup>''Ni-ri'' / <sup>d</sup>''Sin''... "If a star flashes from the west and enters the limits of the Fox, Yoke, and Sin: there will be a rebellion" (MUL.APIN II iii 42-44) [MA, 114-115]. [DIŠ MUL TA] <sup>im</sup>MAR ''ana'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>im</sup>KUR DIB ''u''<sub>4</sub>-''um'' 3 MU<sup>meš</sup> / [KUR ḪUL] IGI.LA<sub>2</sub> "[If a star] passes from the west to the east during the day: within three years [the country] will experience [evil]" (MUL.APIN II iii 48-49) [MA, 116]. [DIŠ MUL T]A MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' SUR-''ma ina'' <sup>d</sup>UTU.ŠU<sub>2</sub>.A ŠU<sub>2</sub> ZI.GA "[If a star] flashes [in] the middle of the sky and sets in the west: heavy losses" (MUL.APIN II iii 50) [MA, 116]. See also [ARAK, 230:5, 335:5, 396 r. 1, 552:4; LABS, 104:1,3; Chadwick 1993, 168-170, 181]. See also (Kurtik m32) [[MUL.(d)GAL|MUL.GAL]]. |
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(5) = Venus; among its epithets: <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat na-ba-ba-at [MUL.MEŠ] "Venus, the most brilliant [of stars]" [BPO 3, 155, Rm. 92 r. 9], Ištar kakkabī (see i18); predictions often mention Venus as a star: ˹DIŠ˺ [<sup>d</sup>Dil-bat] MUL-ša<sub>2</sub> iḫ-ru-um-ma IGI-ir ... "If [Venus], its star, rises early: the king's life will last" [ARAK, 27 r. 3-4], parallel [ARAK, 247:6; BPO 2, IX 8]; see also [CAD K, 47(c)]. |
(5) = Venus; among its epithets: <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat na-ba-ba-at'' [MUL.MEŠ] "Venus, the most brilliant [of stars]" [BPO 3, 155, Rm. 92 r. 9], ''Ištar kakkabī'' (see Kurtik i18 [[Ištar|<sup>d</sup>Ištar]]); predictions often mention Venus as a star: ˹DIŠ˺ [<sup>d</sup>''Dil-bat''] MUL-''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''iḫ-ru-um-ma'' IGI-''ir'' ... "If [Venus], its star, rises early: the king's life will last" [ARAK, 27 r. 3-4], parallel [ARAK, 247:6; BPO 2, IX 8]; see also [CAD K, 47(c)]. |
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(6) = Moon; [<sup>d</sup>Nanna(ŠEŠ.KI)-ru] MUL-šu<sub>2</sub> uš-te-pa-a "[Nanna], the star gave radiance" (Ee V 12) [Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 168:12a; CAD K, 46b]; rare in astrological literature: [DIŠ] MUL ina KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG a-dir... "[If] the star (= Moon) is eclipsed in Pabilsag: a solution for Mutabal and Babylon" [ARAK, 4:8]. See also m31[[MUL.AN.NA]]. |
(6) = Moon; [<sup>d</sup>''Nanna''(ŠEŠ.KI)-''ru''] MUL-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''uš-te-pa-a'' "[Nanna], the star gave radiance" (Ee V 12) [Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 168:12a; CAD K, 46b]; rare in astrological literature: [DIŠ] MUL ''ina'' KI <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG ''a-dir''... "[If] the star (= Moon) is eclipsed in Pabilsag: a solution for Mutabal and Babylon" [ARAK, 4:8]. See also (Kurtik m31) [[MUL.AN.NA]]. |
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(7) = the sun; see mul- |
(7) = the sun; see mul-ana<sub>x</sub>(AN) = ''kakkab šamê'' = <sup>d</sup>utu in the Old Akkadian hymn dedicated to Utu's temple at Sippar [TCS 3, 45:480 + note p. 138]. |
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(8) = the zodiac sign Taurus; see, e.g., in "horoscope" [BH, 16:3 r. 8]. |
(8) = the zodiac sign Taurus; see, e.g., in "horoscope" [BH, 16:3 r. 8]. |
Latest revision as of 05:12, 22 April 2025
MUL is a Sumerian determinative and logogram.
Dictionary
Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim
= kakkabu "Star, luminary";
- 1) determinative before names of stars, asterisms, constellations, planets,
- 2) star,
- 3) constellation,
- 4) meteor, shooting star
- 5) epithet of Venus,
- 6) moon,
- 7) abbreviation of mul.mul, mul2.mul2 "Star Cluster," designation of the zodiac sign Taurus in later astronomical and astrological texts [G. 274; AHw 421b; CAD K, 45-48].
Sources | Identifications |
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Lexical texts.
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Additional
II. Identification.
(1) = determinative; the sign MUL was already used as a determinative before the names of celestial luminaries apparently in the middle of the 3rd millennium BC. [Lambert 1984a]; however, clear evidence refers only to the end of the 3rd to early 2nd millennium BCs; the earliest example (muluz3), known to us, dates to the Ur III period [Sallaberger I, 54].
(2) = star, stars; standard epithet: MUL šamê(AN)e "Celestial object," MUL.MEŠ šamê(AN)e "Celestial objects," see, e.g., [CAD K, 47a; BPO 2, III 19a, XVI 1; LABS, 100:21, 160:35, 40]; stars as a special category of luminaries: dUDU.IDIM.MEŠ u MUL.ME AN-e... "The planets and stars of the heavens..." [BPO 2, III 19a]. Protasis of astrological predictions and observations often mention stars belonging to a particular constellation (MUL-šu2, MUL.MEŠ-šu2), sometimes with an indication of their number, and also record changes in visibility, observed brilliance, color, size and other characteristics of stars.
(3) = constellation; in MUL.APIN in the catalog, the formula is often used in describing the positions of the constellations relative to each other: MUL ša2 ina IGI-šu2 / EGIR-šu2 GUB-zu, lit. "The constellation that stands ahead/behind it", where MUL stands for "constellation" [MA].
(4) = meteor, bolide, shooting star; DIŠ MUL ki gišdi-pa-ri TA dUTU.E3 SUR-ma / ina dUTU.ŠU2.A ŠU2 ERIM KUR2 ina DUGUD-ša2 ŠUB-ut "If a star flashes like a torch from the east and sets in the west: the main army of the enemy will fall" [LABS, 111:3-4]. DIŠ MUL SUR-ma ṣe-re-er-šu2 GIM UD.DA na-mir / ina ṣa-ra-ri-šu2 GIM nam-maš-ti GIR2.TAB KUN GAR-in... "If a star flares up and its radiance is like the light of day, (and) in its radiance it has a tail like a scorpion: this sign is auspicious" [labs 111:3-4] [ARAK, 158:1-3]. [DIŠ] MUL SUR-ma ki-ma di-pa-ri / [T]A dUTU.ŠU2 ana dUTU.E3 ŠU2... "[If] a star flashes like a torch [o]n the west to the east (and) sets: the enemy will capture my border city in Elam; (the fall of) the army of Elam" [ARAK, 303 r. 2-5]. DIŠ MUL TA imMAR SUR-ma ana ŠA3 dLi9-si4 / dNi-ri / dSin... "If a star flashes from the west and enters the limits of the Fox, Yoke, and Sin: there will be a rebellion" (MUL.APIN II iii 42-44) [MA, 114-115]. [DIŠ MUL TA] imMAR ana ŠA3 imKUR DIB u4-um 3 MUmeš / [KUR ḪUL] IGI.LA2 "[If a star] passes from the west to the east during the day: within three years [the country] will experience [evil]" (MUL.APIN II iii 48-49) [MA, 116]. [DIŠ MUL T]A MURUB4 AN-e SUR-ma ina dUTU.ŠU2.A ŠU2 ZI.GA "[If a star] flashes [in] the middle of the sky and sets in the west: heavy losses" (MUL.APIN II iii 50) [MA, 116]. See also [ARAK, 230:5, 335:5, 396 r. 1, 552:4; LABS, 104:1,3; Chadwick 1993, 168-170, 181]. See also (Kurtik m32) MUL.GAL.
(5) = Venus; among its epithets: mulDil-bat na-ba-ba-at [MUL.MEŠ] "Venus, the most brilliant [of stars]" [BPO 3, 155, Rm. 92 r. 9], Ištar kakkabī (see Kurtik i18 dIštar); predictions often mention Venus as a star: ˹DIŠ˺ [dDil-bat] MUL-ša2 iḫ-ru-um-ma IGI-ir ... "If [Venus], its star, rises early: the king's life will last" [ARAK, 27 r. 3-4], parallel [ARAK, 247:6; BPO 2, IX 8]; see also [CAD K, 47(c)].
(6) = Moon; [dNanna(ŠEŠ.KI)-ru] MUL-šu2 uš-te-pa-a "[Nanna], the star gave radiance" (Ee V 12) [Landsb.-Kinnier Wilson 1961, 168:12a; CAD K, 46b]; rare in astrological literature: [DIŠ] MUL ina KI mulPA.BIL.SAG a-dir... "[If] the star (= Moon) is eclipsed in Pabilsag: a solution for Mutabal and Babylon" [ARAK, 4:8]. See also (Kurtik m31) MUL.AN.NA.
(7) = the sun; see mul-anax(AN) = kakkab šamê = dutu in the Old Akkadian hymn dedicated to Utu's temple at Sippar [TCS 3, 45:480 + note p. 138].
(8) = the zodiac sign Taurus; see, e.g., in "horoscope" [BH, 16:3 r. 8].
Historical Dictionaries
Kurtik (2022, m29) | Gössmann (1950) |
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= kakkabu «Звезда, светило»; 1) детерминатив перед названиями звезд, созвездий, планет, 2) звезда, 3) созвездие, 4) метеор, падающая звезда 5) эпитет Венеры, 6) Луна, 7) сокращение от mul.mul, mul2.mul2 «Звезды», обозначение знака зодиака Телец в поздних астрономических и астрологических текстах [G. 274; AHw 421b; CAD K, 45–48].
I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. (1) Знак mul возглавляет старовавилонские списки шумерских названий звезд [MSL XI, 107:387; 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 13]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: mul = kak-ka-bu [Weidner 1959–60, 112, VAT 9430:16]; параллели [Emar VI/4, 151:150'(?); MSL XI, 30:23, 49:61; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 104:267ʹ]. (3). Серия Sa, копия из Эмара: mu-ul a-na-eš-ša-bi / mul = ka-ak-ka-bu [Emar VI/4, 17: 287–288]. (4) Серия Sb II 4: mu-lumul = kak-ka-bu [MSL III, 132:4]. (5) Proto-Ea 139/1: mu-ulmul = ka-ak-ka-bu-um [MSL XIV, 94], см. также [MSL II, 132:56]. (6) Серия Ea II, 277: mu-ulmul = [k]ak-ka-bu [MSL XIV, 259]. (7) Серия Aa II/6, ii 25: mu-lumul = kak-ka-bu [MSL XIV, 291]. (8) NIGINki-li.AN = MUL AN-e [CT 18, 30 iv 15]. (9) UL, UMBIN, [x]-giAKKIL, mu-lu [x x]-nuGAN2, i-kuGAN2! = kak-ka-bu [CT 18, 49 ii 2–6; CT 19, 33, Text 80-7-19,307:4–8]. (10) dmul = gag-gab2 (“Ebla Vocabulary”), цит. по [Michalowski 2003, 404]. См. также [AHw, 421b; CAD K, 45–46]. II. Отождествление. (1) = детерминатив; знак MUL использовался как детерминатив перед названиями небесных светил уже, по-видимому, в середине III тыс. до н.э. [Lambert 1984a]; однако несомненные свидетельства относятся только к концу III – первой половине II тыс. до н.э.; самый ранний пример (muluz3), известный нам, датируется эпохой III династии Ура [Sallaberger I, 54]. (2) = звезда, звезды; стандартный эпитет: MUL šamê(AN)e «Небесная звезда», MUL.MEŠ šamê(AN)e «Небесные звезды», см., например, [CAD K, 47a; BPO 2, III 19a, XVI 1; LABS, 100:21, 160:35, 40]; звезды как особая категория светил: dUDU.IDIM.MEŠ u MUL.ME AN-e… «Планеты и звезды небесные…» [BPO 2, III 19a]. В протасисах астрологических предсказаний и в наблюдениях нередко упоминаются звезды, принадлежащие к тому или иному созвездию (MUL-šu2, MUL.MEŠ-šu2), иногда с указанием их числа, а также фиксируется изменение видимости, наблюдаемого блеска, цвета, размера и других характеристик звезд. (3) = созвездие; в MUL.APIN в каталоге при описании положений созвездий друг относительно друга нередко используется формула: MUL ša2 ina IGI-šu2 / EGIR-šu2 GUB-zu, букв. «Созвездие, которое впереди/позади него стоит», где MUL обозначает «созвездие» [MA]. (4) = метеор, болид, падающая звезда; DIŠ MUL ki gišdi-pa-ri TA dUTU.E3 SUR-ma / ina dUTU.ŠU2.A ŠU2 ERIM KUR2 ina DUGUD-ša2 ŠUB-ut «Если звезда вспыхивает подобно факелу от востока и на западе заходит: главная армия врага падет» [LABS, 111:3–4]. DIŠ MUL SUR-ma ṣe-re-er-šu2 GIM UD.DA na-mir / ina ṣa-ra-ri-šu2 GIM nam-maš-ti GIR2.TAB KUN GAR-in… «Если звезда вспыхивает и ее сияние подобно свету дня, (и) в ее сиянии она имеет хвост как у скорпиона: этот знак благоприятный» [ARAK, 158:1–3]. [DIŠ] MUL SUR-ma ki-ma di-pa-ri / [T]A dUTU.ŠU2 ana dUTU.E3 ŠU2… «[Если] звезда вспыхивает подобно факелу [о]т запада к востоку (и) заходит: враг захватит мой пограничный город в Эламе; (падение) армии Элама» [ARAK, 303 r. 2–5]. DIŠ MUL TA imMAR SUR-ma ana ŠA3 dLi9-si4 / dNi-ri / dSin… «Если звезда вспыхивает от запада и входит в пределы Лиси, Ярма, Сина: будет мятеж» (MUL.APIN II iii 42–44) [MA, 114–115]. [DIŠ MUL TA] imMAR ana ŠA3 imKUR DIB u4-um 3 MUmeš / [KUR ḪUL] IGI.LA2 «[Если звезда] проходит от запада к востоку за день: в течение трех лет [страна] будет испытывать [зло]» (MUL.APIN II iii 48–49) [MA, 116]. [DIŠ MUL T]A MURUB4 AN-e SUR-ma ina dUTU.ŠU2.A ŠU2 ZI.GA «[Если звезда] вспыхивает [в] середине неба и заходит на западе: тяжелые потери» (MUL.APIN II iii 50) [MA, 116]. См. также [ARAK, 230:5, 335:5, 396 r. 1, 552:4; LABS, 104:1,3; Chadwick 1993, 168–170, 181]. Cм. также m32MUL.GAL. (5) = Венера; среди ее эпитетов: mulDil-bat na-ba-at [MUL.MEŠ] «Венера, самая блестящая [из звезд]» [BPO 3, 155, Rm. 92 r. 9], Ištar kakkabī (см. i18); в предсказаниях нередко упоминается Венера как звезда: ˹DIŠ˺ [dDil-bat] MUL-ša2 iḫ-ru-um-ma IGI-ir … «Если [Венера], звезда ее, восходит рано: жизнь царя продлится» [ARAK, 27 r. 3–4], параллель [ARAK, 247:6; BPO 2, IX 8]; cм. также [CAD K, 47 c)]. (6) = Луна; [dNanna(ŠEŠ.KI)-ru] MUL-šu2 uš-te-pa-a «[Нанне], звезде его дал сияние» (Ee V 12) [Landsb.–Kinnier Wilson 1961, 168:12a; CAD K, 46b]; редко в астрологической литературе: [DIŠ] MUL ina KI mulPA.BIL.SAG a-dir… «[Если] звезда (= Луна) затмилась в Пабилсаге: решение для Мутабаля и Вавилона» [ARAK, 4:8]. См. также m31MUL.AN.NA. (7) = Солнце; см. mul-anax(AN) = kakkab šamê = dutu в староаккадском гимне, посвященном храму Уту в Сиппаре [TCS 3, 45:480 + note p. 138]. (8) = знак зодиака Телец; см., например, в «гороскопе» [BH, 16:3 r. 8]. |
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