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# Heel of <sup>mul</sup>[[UD.KA.DU8.A|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]] (The Demon with the Gaping Mouth): '''λ And'''
# Heel of <sup>mul</sup>[[UD.KA.DU8.A|UD.KA.DU<sub>8</sub>.A]] (The Demon with the Gaping Mouth): '''λ And'''
# Heel of Enmesharra, see (Kurtik e11) [[EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA|EN.ME.ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.RA]], V 2 ('''ζ Per'''<sup>?</sup>, ι Aur would also be possible - within Mesopotamian uranography, there is no argument against it, except for the proposed identification of The Old Man with Greek Perseus).
# Heel of Enmešarra, see (Kurtik e11) [[EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA|EN.ME.ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.RA]], V 2 ('''ζ Per'''<sup>?</sup>, ι Aur would also be possible - within Mesopotamian uranography, there is no argument against it, except for the proposed identification of The Old Man with Greek Perseus).
# Heel of the Old Man, see (Kurtik sh16) [[ŠU.GI]], (Kurtik e11) [[EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA|EN.ME.ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.RA]], III 4 ('''ζ Per'''<sup>?</sup>).
# Heel of the Old Man, see (Kurtik sh16) [[ŠU.GI]], (Kurtik e11) [[EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA|EN.ME.ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.RA]], III 4 ('''ζ Per'''<sup>?</sup>).
# The Rear Heel of the True Shepherd of Anu, see (Kurtik s22) [[SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]], V 1 (GU-text: '''η Lep''')<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 193-204</ref>.
# The Rear Heel of the True Shepherd of Anu, see (Kurtik s22) [[SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]], V 1 (GU-text: '''η Lep''')<ref>Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 193-204</ref>.
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|'''MUL.APIN.'''
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
* In the list of culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings:
* In the list of culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings:
** ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>SIG<sub>4</sub> UD 10 KAM ''a-si-du ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.DUḪ.A ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' / IGI''-it'' GABA''-ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN. NA KUR-''ḫa''
** ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>SIG<sub>4</sub> UD 10 KAM ''a-si-du ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>UD.KA.DUḪ.A ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN-''e'' / IGI''-it'' GABA''-ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>SIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-''ḫa''
** "On the 10th of Simanu the Heel of the Demon with a Gaping Mouth stands in the middle of the sky / opposite your chests, and the True Shepherd of Anu ascends" (I iv 19-20) [MA 63].
** "On the 10th of Simanu the Heel of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth stands in the middle of the sky / opposite your chest, and the True Shepherd of Anu ascends" (I iv 19-20) [MA 63].
|
|
* .
* .
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** λ And
** λ And
|-
|-
|'''Lists of ziqpu-stars.'''
|'''Lists of ''ziqpu''-stars.'''
* (1) AO 6478:
* (1) AO 6478:
** a)
** a)
*** [3 ⅓] MA.NA MIN(=''šuqultu'') | ⅔ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (= ''ina qaqqari'') | 36 IGI DANNA ''ina'' [KI. MIN] (= ''ina šamê'') / TA <sup>mul</sup>''kin-ṣi'' EN <sup>mul</sup>''a-si''-[''di'']
*** [3 ⅓] MA.NA MIN(=''šuqultu'') | ⅔ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (= ''ina qaqqari'') | 36 ''lim'' DANNA ''ina'' [KI. MIN] (= ''ina šamê'') / TA <sup>mul</sup>''kin-ṣi'' EN <sup>mul</sup>''a-si''-[''di'']
*** "[3⅓] mins weight, 20° on earth, 36000 miles in the sky / From Knee to Heel (Demon with the Gaping Mouth)",
*** "[3⅓] mina weight, ⅔ ''bēru'' on the ground, 36000 ''bēru'' in the sky / From the Knee to the Heel (of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth)",
** b)
** b)
*** [1⅔ M]A. NA MIN | 10 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 18 IGI DANNA i[na KI.MIN] (=ina šamê) / TA <sup>mul</sup>''a-si-di'' EN IV ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>LU.[LIM]
*** [1⅔ M]A.NA MIN | 10 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 18 ''lim'' DANNA ''i''[''na'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') / TA <sup>mul</sup>''a-si-di'' EN 4 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>LU.[LIM]
*** "[1⅔ mi]ns of weight, 10° on earth, 18000 miles in the sky / From Heel to 4 stars of the Dee[r]" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:23-26; TU, 21:23-26; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229]; for a parallel see. [CT 26, 50, K. 9794:14-15].
*** "[1⅔ mi]na weight, 10° on the ground, 18000 ''bēru'' in the sky / From the Heel to the 4 (stars) of the Sta[g]" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:23-26; TU, 21:23-26; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229]; for a parallel see [CT 26, 50, K. 9794:14-15].
* (2) VAT 16437:
* (2) VAT 16437:
** ⅔ DANNA ''a-na mula-si-''[''du'']
** ⅔ DANNA ''a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>''a-si-''[''du'']
** "20° to the Heel (of the Demon with an Open Mouth)." [Schaumberger 1952, 224-225:6].
** "⅔ ''bēru'' to the Heel (of the Demon with an Gaping Mouth)" [Schaumberger 1952, 224-225:6].
* (3) VAT 16436:
* (3) VAT 16436:
** <sup>múl</sup>''a-si-du'' // 1 // 8 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub>
** <sup>múl</sup>''a-si-du'' // 1 // 8 ''lim'' 2 ''me'' KUŠ<sub>3</sub>
** "Heel // 1 (star) // 8200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:3].
** "Heel // 1 (star) // 8200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:3].
* (4) BM 38369+:
* (4) BM 38369+:
** a) TA <sup>d</sup>''ki-in-ṣi-šu'' EN ''a-si-di-šu''<sub>2</sub> ˹⅔˺ [DANNA] "From his Knee to his Heel ⅔ [miles],"
** a) TA <sup>d</sup>''ki-in-ṣi-šu'' EN ''a-si-di-šu''<sub>2</sub> ˹⅔˺ [DANNA] "From its Knee to its Heel ⅔ [''bēru''],"
** b) TA ''da-si-di-šu'' EN SI ''ša'' <sup>mul</sup>LU.[LIM ...] "From his Heel to the Horns of the Sta[g]..." [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:5-7].
** b) TA <sup>d</sup>''a-si-di-šu'' EN SI ''ša'' <sup>mul</sup>LU.[LIM ...] "From its Heel to the Horns of the Sta[g]..." [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:5-7].
* (5) Sippar Planisphere:
* (5) Sippar Planisphere:
** ⅔ DANNA ana <sup>mul</sup>''a-si-du''
** ⅔ DANNA ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>''a-si-du''
** "⅔ miles (200) to (his) Heels" [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:11].
** "⅔ ''bēru'' (200) to the Heel" [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:11].
|
|
* (1)
* (1)
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|'''Anaphora.'''
|'''Anaphora.'''
* BM 36609+:
* BM 36609+:
** EN a-si-du, see (Kurtik m15) [[MAŠ.MAŠ]];
** EN ''a-si-du'', see (Kurtik m15) [[MAŠ.MAŠ]];
** TA ''a-si-du'', see (Kurtik a21) [[ALLA]].
** TA ''a-si-du'', see (Kurtik a21) [[ALLA]].
|
|
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|-
|-
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts.”'''
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts.”'''
* <sup>múl</sup>''a-si-du ziq-pi sin'' AN.KU<sub>10</sub> "(When) the Heel culminated, the eclipse of the Moon (took place)." [AD III, no.-90 obv. 6]. Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ''ziqpu''-star. See. [Schaumberger 1955, 247-251].
* <sup>múl</sup>''a-si-du ziq-pi sin'' AN.KU<sub>10</sub> "(When) the Heel culminated, an eclipse of the Moon (took place)." [AD III, no.-90 obv. 6]. For a Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ''ziqpu''-stars, see [Schaumberger 1955, 247-251].
|λ And
|λ And
|}
|}
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* TA ''kin-ṣi-šu''<sub>2</sub> EN ''a-si-di-šu''<sub>2</sub>
* TA ''kin-ṣi-šu''<sub>2</sub> EN ''a-si-di-šu''<sub>2</sub>
** "From its (the Demon with an Open Mouth) knee to its heel" [TCL 6, 18 r. 15];
** "From its (the Demon with an Open Mouth) knee to its heel" [TCL 6, 18 r. 15];
* a-na a-si-du [LBAT, 1501:10];
* ''a-na a-si-du'' [LBAT, 1501:10];
* EN ''a-si-di'' [mul]''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra''
* EN ''a-si-di'' [<sup>mul</sup>]''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra''
** "to the heel of Enmesharra" [ACh Suppl. 2, 53 r. 15];
** "to the heel of Enmešarra" [ACh Suppl. 2, 53 r. 15];
* <sup>múl</sup>''a''-[''si-du''] [Sachs 1952, 75, U. 197:9′].
* <sup>múl</sup>''a''-[''si-du''] [Sachs 1952, 75, U. 197:9′].


Latest revision as of 16:39, 2 January 2026

Stellarium map
Heel of the "Demon with the Gaping Mouth" in Mesopotamian astral science, typically identified with lambda Andromedae (in the first millennium). Depiction in Stellarium, painting by Jessica Gullberg 2021.

The body part asīdu (𒀀𒋛𒁺) is the heel of human figures and parallel part in composites. For the asidu as part of any constellation see those entries.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

= mulAsīdu "Heel" is used as designation for a body part of constellations [G. 38; AHw 73-74; CAD A/2, 330], including:

  1. Heel of mulUD.KA.DU8.A (The Demon with the Gaping Mouth): λ And
  2. Heel of Enmešarra, see (Kurtik e11) EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA, V 2 (ζ Per?, ι Aur would also be possible - within Mesopotamian uranography, there is no argument against it, except for the proposed identification of The Old Man with Greek Perseus).
  3. Heel of the Old Man, see (Kurtik sh16) ŠU.GI, (Kurtik e11) EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA, III 4 (ζ Per?).
  4. The Rear Heel of the True Shepherd of Anu, see (Kurtik s22) SIPA.ZI.AN.NA, V 1 (GU-text: η Lep)[2].

The "heel of UD.KA.DU8.A" is a ziqpu-star (= ziqpu XI, in the constellation of Andromeda) and has, thus, a metrical significance.

Sources Identifications
MUL.APIN.
  • In the list of culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings:
    • ina itiSIG4 UD 10 KAM a-si-du ša2 mulUD.KA.DUḪ.A ina MURUB4 AN-e / IGI-it GABA-ka GUB-ma mulSIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-ḫa
    • "On the 10th of Simanu the Heel of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth stands in the middle of the sky / opposite your chest, and the True Shepherd of Anu ascends" (I iv 19-20) [MA 63].
  • .
    • λ And
    • λ And
Lists of ziqpu-stars.
  • (1) AO 6478:
    • a)
      • [3 ⅓] MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | ⅔ DANNA i-na KI.MIN (= ina qaqqari) | 36 lim DANNA ina [KI. MIN] (= ina šamê) / TA mulkin-ṣi EN mula-si-[di]
      • "[3⅓] mina weight, ⅔ bēru on the ground, 36000 bēru in the sky / From the Knee to the Heel (of the Demon with the Gaping Mouth)",
    • b)
      • [1⅔ M]A.NA MIN | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 18 lim DANNA i[na KI.MIN] (=ina šamê) / TA mula-si-di EN 4 ša2 mulLU.[LIM]
      • "[1⅔ mi]na weight, 10° on the ground, 18000 bēru in the sky / From the Heel to the 4 (stars) of the Sta[g]" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:23-26; TU, 21:23-26; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229]; for a parallel see [CT 26, 50, K. 9794:14-15].
  • (2) VAT 16437:
    • ⅔ DANNA a-na mula-si-[du]
    • "⅔ bēru to the Heel (of the Demon with an Gaping Mouth)" [Schaumberger 1952, 224-225:6].
  • (3) VAT 16436:
    • múla-si-du // 1 // 8 lim 2 me KUŠ3
    • "Heel // 1 (star) // 8200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:3].
  • (4) BM 38369+:
    • a) TA dki-in-ṣi-šu EN a-si-di-šu2 ˹⅔˺ [DANNA] "From its Knee to its Heel ⅔ [bēru],"
    • b) TA da-si-di-šu EN SI ša mulLU.[LIM ...] "From its Heel to the Horns of the Sta[g]..." [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:5-7].
  • (5) Sippar Planisphere:
    • ⅔ DANNA ana mula-si-du
    • "⅔ bēru (200) to the Heel" [Horowitz and al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:11].
  • (1)
    • (a) λ And
    • (b) λ And
  • (2) λ And
  • (3) λ And
  • (4)
    • (a) λ And
    • (b) λ And
  • (5)
    • λ And
    • λ And
Anaphora.
  • BM 36609+:
    • EN a-si-du, see (Kurtik m15) MAŠ.MAŠ;
    • TA a-si-du, see (Kurtik a21) AL.LUL.
  • λ And
  • λ And
"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts.”
  • múla-si-du ziq-pi sin AN.KU10 "(When) the Heel culminated, an eclipse of the Moon (took place)." [AD III, no.-90 obv. 6]. For a Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-stars, see [Schaumberger 1955, 247-251].
 λ And

See also:

  • TA kin-ṣi-šu2 EN a-si-di-šu2
    • "From its (the Demon with an Open Mouth) knee to its heel" [TCL 6, 18 r. 15];
  • a-na a-si-du [LBAT, 1501:10];
  • EN a-si-di [mul]En-me-šar2-ra
    • "to the heel of Enmešarra" [ACh Suppl. 2, 53 r. 15];
  • múla-[si-du] [Sachs 1952, 75, U. 197:9′].

Additional

II. Identification.

              Ziqpu XI:

              = α Andromedae [G. 38];

              = múla-si-du includes 1 star, according to VAT 16436:3; = σ Andromedae(?) [Schaumberger 1952, 227-227, 229];

              = α Cassiopeiae [MA 143];

              = λ Andromedae [ASM 86, 275].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, a47) Gössmann (1950)
= «Пятка (Демона с Разинутой Пастью)»; 1) = ziqpu XI, звезда в созвездии Андромеды (Andromeda), 2) элемент фигуры ряда созвездий [G. 38; AHw 73–74; CAD A/2, 330]. Example
MUL.APIN. В списке кульминаций и одновременных гелиакических восходов: ina itiSIG4 UD 10 KAM a-si-du ša2 mulUD.KA.DUḪ.A ina MURUB4 AN-e  / IGI-it GABA-ka GUB-ma mulSIPA.ZI.AN.NA KUR-ḫa «10-го симану Пятка Демона с Разинутой Пастью стоит в середине неба / напротив твоей груди, и Праведный Пастух Ану восходит» (I iv 19–20) [MA 63]. Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) [3 ⅓] MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | ⅔ DANNA i-na KI.MIN (= ina qaqqari) |  36 IGI DANNA ina [KI.MIN] (= ina šamê) / TA mulkin-ṣi EN mula-si-[di] «[3⅓] мины веса,  200 на земле, 36000 миль на небе / От Колена до Пятки (Демона с Разинутой Пастью)», b) [1⅔ M]A.NA MIN | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 18 IGI DANNA i[na KI.MIN] (=ina šamê) / TA mula-si-di EN IV ša2 mulLU.[LIM] «[1⅔ ми]ны веса, 100 на земле, 18000 миль на небе / От Пятки до 4 звезд Оле[ня]» [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:23–26; TU, 21:23–26; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228–229]; параллель см. [CT 26, 50, K. 9794:14–15]. (2) VAT 16437: ⅔ DANNA a-na mula-si-[du] «200 до Пятки (Демона с Разинутой Пастью)» [Schaumberger 1952, 224–225:6]. (3) VAT 16436: múla-si-du // 1 // 8 IGI 2 ME KUŠ3 «Пятка // 1 (звезда) // 8200 локтей» [Schaumberger 1952, 226–227:3]. (4) BM 38369+: a) TA dki-in-ṣi-šu EN a-si-di-šu2 ˹⅔˺ [DANNA] «От его Колена до его Пятки ⅔ [мили]», b) TA da-si-di-šu EN SI ša mulLU.[LIM …] «От его Пятки до Рога Оле[ня]…» [Horowitz 1994а, 91–92:5–7]. (5) Sippar Planisphere: ⅔ DANNA ana mula-si-du «⅔ мили (200) до (его) Пятки» [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 171–173:11]. Анафора. BM 36609+: EN a-si-du, см. m15MAŠ.MAŠ; TA a-si-du, см. a21ALLA. «Дневники наблюдений». múla-si-du ziq-pi sin AN.KU10 «(Когда) Пятка кульминировала, затмение Луны (имело место)» [AD III, No.-90 obv. 6]. Kалендарь ежедневных восходов и заходов ziqpu-звезд. См. [Schaumberger 1955, 247–251].

Cм. также: TA kin-ṣi-šu2 EN a-si-di-šu2 «От его (Демона с Разинутой Пастью) колена до его пятки» [TCL 6, 18 r. 15]; a-na a-si-du [LBAT, 1501:10]; EN a-si-di [mul]En-me-šar2-ra  «до пятки Энмешарры» [AСh  Suppl. 2, 53 r. 15]; múla-[si-du] [Sachs 1952, 75, U. 197:9′].

II. Отождествление.

Ziqpu XI:

= α Andromedae [G. 38];

= múla-si-du включало 1 звезду, согласно VAT 16436:3; = σ Andromedae(?) [Schaumberger 1952, 227–227, 229];

=  α Cassiopeiae [MA 143];

=  λ Andromedae [ASM 86, 275].

Как элемент фигуры созвездия:

(1)   Пятка Энмешарры, см. e11EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA, V 2.

(2)   Задняя пятка Праведного Пастуха Ану, см. s22SIPA.ZI.AN.NA, V 1.

(3)   Пятка Старика, см. sh16ŠU.GI,  e11EN.ME.ŠAR2.RA, III 4.

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Astronomical Information in the GU-Text, in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (eds.). Astronomy in Culture – Cultures of Astronomy, tredition Hamburg/ OpenScienceTechnology Berlin, 193-204
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