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<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref>Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.
<sup>mul / d</sup>TIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = ''manzât'', 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0">Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51</ref>.
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [G. 407; CAD M/1, 230-232];
= ''manzât'' (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 407; CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 230-232];


Asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag" (see L09) in [[Andromeda]].
Asterism in the constellation [[LU.LIM|<sup>mul</sup>LU.LIM]] "Stag" (see Kurtik L09) in [[Andromeda]].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|'''Lexical texts.'''
|'''Lexical texts.'''
* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 108:393], <sup>mul d</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20].
* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists: <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI<ref name=":1">''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 108:393], <sup>mul d</sup>tir.an.na [MSL XI<ref name=":1" />, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20].
* (2) Urra XXII series:
* (2) Urra XXII series:
** <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''ma-an-za-ta'' [Emar VI/4, 151:159], <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tum'' [Cavigneaux 1981 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3],
** <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''ma-an-za-ta'' [Emar VI/4<ref>''D. Arnaud''. Texte de la bibliothèque, transcriptions et traductions, 1987. (= Emar 6/4).</ref>, 151:159], <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tum'' [Cavigneaux 1981<ref>''Cavigneaux A.'' Textes scolares du temple de Nabû ša Harê. Texts from Babylon I. Baghdad, 1981.</ref> 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3],
** <sup>[mu]l</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tu''[''m''] [Cavigneaux 1979, 134:16; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 107:284ʹ].
** <sup>[mu]l</sup>tir.an.na = ''man-za-tu''[''m''] [Cavigneaux 1979<ref>''Cavigneaux A.'' // Baghdader Mitteilungen. 1979. Bd. X. S. 132-134.</ref>, 134:16; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015):  “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 107:284ʹ].
* (3) List of stars: ˹<sup>mul</sup>tir˺.an.[na] [CT 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6].
* (3) List of stars: ˹<sup>mul</sup>tir˺.an.[na] [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6].
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|'''EAE.'''
|'''EAE.'''
See. [BPO 2<ref name=":2">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, I 8, II 1, III 4; NSAM 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 248].
See. [BPO 2, I 8, II 1, III 4; NSAM 2, 248].
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* (2) Astrological predictions:
* (2) Astrological predictions:
** <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LUU A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL
** <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA UD ḪE<sub>2</sub>.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>U<sub>18</sub>.LUU A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>SI.SA<sub>2</sub> A.KAL ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>KUR.RA A.AN ''ina'' <sup>im</sup>MAR GIR<sub>3</sub>.BAL
** "The name of the Rainbow — 'day of plenty'. If (it is seen) in the south — rain, in the north — flood, in the east — rain, in the west — desolation" (II iii 33-34) [MA, 27, 112-113, 135];
** "The name of the Rainbow — 'day of plenty'. If (it is seen) in the south — rain, in the north — flood, in the east — rain, in the west — desolation" (II iii 33-34) [MA<ref name=":3">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 27, 112-113, 135];
The omen does not refer to the Rainbow constellation <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, but to the rainbow as a natural phenomenon, <s>although the context does not seem to allow such an assumption.</s> For Rainbows in Mesopotamia see Horowitz 2016.
The omen does not refer to the Rainbow constellation <sup>mul</sup>TIR.AN.NA, but to the rainbow as a natural phenomenon. For Rainbows in Mesopotamia see Horowitz (2016)<ref name=":0" />.
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|-
oext BM 77054.
|Text BM 77054.
* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ''ina r''[''i-bi''<sup>?</sup>...] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b...]
* ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>šu ud.1.kam ''ina r''[''i-bi''<sup>?</sup>...] / <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na gu[b...]
* "On the 1st day of duuzu before the en[tering...] / The rainbow sta[nds...]" [George 1991, 304-305, obv. 5′-6′].
* "On the 1st day of duuzu before the en[tering...] / The rainbow sta[nds...]" [George 1991<ref>''George A.R.'' Review of H.Hunger and D.Pingree MUL.APIN. An astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform. Horn 1989 // ZA. 1991. Bd. 81, Halbband 2. S. 301-306.</ref>, 304-305, obv. 5′-6′].
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|'''''Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu.'''''
|'''''Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu.'''''
* diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin... "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo (in the form of the) Celestial Bow...." [Koch Westenholz 1999, 163:138]; here ban.an.na is probably a figurative expression for rainbow; in relation to this, see also: [...gi]š.ban ban.an.na ... ban an-e "[...] Bow, Heavenly Bow ... Heavenly Bow" [NSAM 2, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64].
* diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub> ban.an.na nigin... "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo (in the form of the) Celestial Bow...." [Koch-Westenholz 1999<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. The Astrological Commentary ''Šumma'' ''Sîn ina tāmartīšu'' Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.</ref>, 163:138]; here ban.an.na is probably a figurative expression for rainbow; in relation to this, see also: [...gi]š.ban ban.an.na ... ban an-e "[...] Bow, Heavenly Bow ... Heavenly Bow" [NSAM 2<ref>''Verderame L.'' Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).</ref>, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64].
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|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia"'''
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia"'''
* (1) <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ab.sin<sub>2</sub>) "Rainbow = FUrrow";
* (1) <sup>mul</sup>tir.an.na = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ab.sin<sub>2</sub>) "Rainbow = FUrrow";
* (2) tir.an.na ud ''nu-uḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> mu.bi<sub>2</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' "Rainbow, its name means, 'day of plenty,' rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 43, 167].
* (2) tir.an.na ud ''nu-uḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> mu.bi<sub>2</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' "Rainbow, its name means, 'day of plenty,' rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B: 43, 167].
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==== II. Deity. ====
==== II. Deity. ====
         The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969, 167, line 34]. (check and supplement)
         The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969<ref>''Sjoberg Å.W., Bergmann S.J.'' The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns. N.Y., Locust Valley, 1969 (Texts from Cuneiform Sources, Vol. 3).</ref>, 167, line 34]. '''''(check and supplement)'''''


==== III. Identification. ====
==== III. Identification. ====
         = 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA, 138; ASM, 274].
         = 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA<ref name=":3" />, 138; ASM<ref name=":4">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 274].


         = β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995, 57, H; ASM, 105, H].
         = β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995<ref>''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 57, H; ASM<ref name=":4" />, 105, H].


==== IV. Astrology. ====
==== IV. Astrology. ====
         (1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''a-na'' [ŠE]G<sub>3</sub> NU SUR / DIŠ ''ina'' UD ''er-pi ša''<sub>2</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> SUR <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG<sub>3</sub> NU SUR "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) the absence of rain. If on a cloudy day, the rainbow [is] bent when it rains,: [there will be] no rain." [ACh Ištar, 25:8; BPO 2, III 4-4a + Parallels;], the second part of the prediction seems to have a purely meteorological meaning, see also [ibid, I 8]; <sup>[m]ul</sup>TIR AN.NA ''ana'' [IM].ŠEG<sub>3</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> [...] / <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>˹AB˺ [...] "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) rain [...]. Rainbow in the month of tebet [...]" [BPO 2, II 1-1a + Parallels], cf. MUL.APIN I iii 7-8, where the date of the heliacal rising of <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ refers also to tebet (cf. i09).
         (1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''a-na'' [ŠE]G<sub>3</sub> NU SUR / DIŠ ''ina'' UD ''er-pi ša''<sub>2</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> SUR <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG<sub>3</sub> NU SUR "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) the absence of rain. If on a cloudy day, the rainbow [is] bent when it rains,: [there will be] no rain." [ACh Ištar<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref>, 25:8; BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, III 4-4a + Parallels;], the second part of the prediction seems to have a purely meteorological meaning, see also [ibid.<ref name=":2" />, I 8]; <sup>[m]ul</sup>TIR AN.NA ''ana'' [IM].ŠEG<sub>3</sub> ŠEG<sub>3</sub> [...] / <sup>d</sup>TIR.AN.NA ''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>˹AB˺ [...] "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) rain [...]. Rainbow in the month of tebet [...]" [BPO 2<ref name=":2" />, II 1-1a + Parallels], cf. MUL.APIN I iii 7-8, where the date of the heliacal rising of <sup>mul</sup>IM.ŠEŠ refers also to tebet (cf. i09).


         (2) Moon, halo and rainbow; [diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub>] ''mar-ra-tum'' nigin lal še ''u'' še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na tur<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na nigin-[''ma''] "[If the Moon] is surrounded by [a halo] (resembling) a rainbow (during its appearance): a decrease in (the harvest of) barley and sesame. Marratum means 'rainbow,' i.e., it is surrounded by a halo of rainbows"" [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:122]; here, too, it seems to refer to the observation of the rainbow as a natural phenomenon.
         (2) Moon, halo and rainbow; [diš 30 tur<sub>3</sub>] ''mar-ra-tum'' nigin lal še ''u'' še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> ''mar-ra-tum'' <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na tur<sub>3</sub> <sup>d</sup>tir.an.na nigin-[''ma''] "[If the Moon] is surrounded by [a halo] (resembling) a rainbow (during its appearance): a decrease in (the harvest of) barley and sesame. Marratum means 'rainbow,' i.e., it is surrounded by a halo of rainbows"" [Koch-Westenholz 1999<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. The Astrological Commentary ''Šumma'' ''Sîn ina tāmartīšu'' Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.</ref>, 161:122]; here, too, it seems to refer to the observation of the rainbow as a natural phenomenon.


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==

Latest revision as of 07:48, 15 September 2025

mul / dTIR.AN.NA (𒀯𒌁𒀭𒈾) = manzât, 'Rainbow,' is an asterism in the constellation mulLU.LIM "Stag." For rainbows in Sumerian and Akkadian terminology see Horowitz (2016)[1].

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= manzât (𒌋𒌋𒍝𒌈) "Rainbow" [Gössmann[2] 407; CAD[3] M/1, 230-232];

Asterism in the constellation mulLU.LIM "Stag" (see Kurtik L09) in Andromeda.

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.
  • (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists: multir.an.na [MSL XI[4], 108:393], mul dtir.an.na [MSL XI[4], 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20].
  • (2) Urra XXII series:
    • multir.an.na = ma-an-za-ta [Emar VI/4[5], 151:159], multir.an.na = man-za-tum [Cavigneaux 1981[6] 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3],
    • [mu]ltir.an.na = man-za-tu[m] [Cavigneaux 1979[7], 134:16; Bloch-Horowitz 2015[8], 107:284ʹ].
  • (3) List of stars: ˹multir˺.an.[na] [CT[9] 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6].
EAE.

See. [BPO 2[10], I 8, II 1, III 4; NSAM 2[11], 248].

MUL.APIN.
  • (1) Enlil's list of stars (no. 31):
    • MULmeš um-mu-lu-tu4 ša2 ina GABA mullu-lim / GUBmeš-zu dḪar-ri-ru dTIR.AN.NA
    • "The dim stars that stand on the chest of the Stag, Harriru, Rainbow" (I i 32-33).
  • (2) Astrological predictions:
    • dTIR.AN.NA UD ḪE2.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ina imU18.LUU A.AN ina imSI.SA2 A.KAL ina imKUR.RA A.AN ina imMAR GIR3.BAL
    • "The name of the Rainbow — 'day of plenty'. If (it is seen) in the south — rain, in the north — flood, in the east — rain, in the west — desolation" (II iii 33-34) [MA[12], 27, 112-113, 135];

The omen does not refer to the Rainbow constellation mulTIR.AN.NA, but to the rainbow as a natural phenomenon. For Rainbows in Mesopotamia see Horowitz (2016)[1].

Text BM 77054.
  • ina itišu ud.1.kam ina r[i-bi?...] / multir.an.na gu[b...]
  • "On the 1st day of duuzu before the en[tering...] / The rainbow sta[nds...]" [George 1991[13], 304-305, obv. 5′-6′].
Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu.
  • diš 30 tur3 ban.an.na nigin... "If the Moon is surrounded by a halo (in the form of the) Celestial Bow...." [Koch-Westenholz 1999[14], 163:138]; here ban.an.na is probably a figurative expression for rainbow; in relation to this, see also: [...gi]š.ban ban.an.na ... ban an-e "[...] Bow, Heavenly Bow ... Heavenly Bow" [NSAM 2[15], 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64].
"Great Star List and Miscellenia"
  • (1) multir.an.na = mulmin(=ab.sin2) "Rainbow = FUrrow";
  • (2) tir.an.na ud nu-uḫ-šu2 mu.bi2 mar-ra-tum "Rainbow, its name means, 'day of plenty,' rainbow" [Mesop.Astrol.[16], App. B: 43, 167].
Dalbanna-text.
  • H. multir.[an.na] "Ra[arc]" (β Cas), see (Kurtik u06) UD.KA.DU8.A.
  • §e. [multir.an.na]? "[Rainbow]" (β Cas), see (Kurtik a39) ANŠE.KUR.RA.

Additional

II. Deity.

         The name of the constellation was fixed with the determinative of a deity already mentioned in the early monolingual lists of stars. The temple dtir.an.na is mentioned in a hymn from Kish [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969[17], 167, line 34]. (check and supplement)

III. Identification.

         = 18, 31 and 32 of Andromeda (Andromeda) (?) [MA[12], 138; ASM[18], 274].

         = β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995[19], 57, H; ASM[18], 105, H].

IV. Astrology.

         (1) General astrological meaning; mul dTIR.AN.NA a-na [ŠE]G3 NU SUR / DIŠ ina UD er-pi ša2 ŠEG3 SUR dTIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG3 NU SUR "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) the absence of rain. If on a cloudy day, the rainbow [is] bent when it rains,: [there will be] no rain." [ACh Ištar[20], 25:8; BPO 2[10], III 4-4a + Parallels;], the second part of the prediction seems to have a purely meteorological meaning, see also [ibid.[10], I 8]; [m]ulTIR AN.NA ana [IM].ŠEG3 ŠEG3 [...] / dTIR.AN.NA ina iti˹AB˺ [...] "(Constellation) Rainbow for (predicting) rain [...]. Rainbow in the month of tebet [...]" [BPO 2[10], II 1-1a + Parallels], cf. MUL.APIN I iii 7-8, where the date of the heliacal rising of mulIM.ŠEŠ refers also to tebet (cf. i09).

         (2) Moon, halo and rainbow; [diš 30 tur3] mar-ra-tum nigin lal še u še.giš.i3 mar-ra-tum dtir.an.na tur3 dtir.an.na nigin-[ma] "[If the Moon] is surrounded by [a halo] (resembling) a rainbow (during its appearance): a decrease in (the harvest of) barley and sesame. Marratum means 'rainbow,' i.e., it is surrounded by a halo of rainbows"" [Koch-Westenholz 1999[21], 161:122]; here, too, it seems to refer to the observation of the rainbow as a natural phenomenon.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m06)
= mul / dTIR.AN.NA «Радуга»; группа звезд в созвездии Андромеды [G. 407; CAD M/1, 230–232]; в основном в лексических текстах, см. t05TIR.AN.NA.
Kurtik (2022, t...) Gössmann (1950)
= manzât «Радуга»; астеризм в созвездии mulLU.LIM «Олень» (см. L09) в Андромеде (Andromeda) [CAD M/1, 231–232; G. 407].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки: multir.an.na [MSL XI, 108:393], mul dtir.an.na [MSL XI, 143, Forerunner 8, col. x 20]. (2) Cерия Urra XXII: multir.an.na = ma-an-za-ta [Emar VI/4, 151:159], multir.an.na = man-za-tum [Cavigneaux 1981 105, 79.B.1/5 col. iv 3], [mu]ltir.an.na = man-za-tu[m] [Cavigneaux 1979, 134:16; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 107:284ʹ]. (3) Список звезд: ˹multir˺.an.[na] [CT 26, 47, K.11739 r. 6]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 2, I 8, II 1, III 4; NSAM 2, 248]. Текст BM 77054. ina itišu ud.1.kam ina r[i-bi?…] / multir.an.na gu[b…] «1-го дуузу при за[ходе…] / Радуга сто[ит…]» [George 1991, 304–305, obv. 5′–6′]. MUL.APIN. (1) Список звезд Энлиля (№ 31): MULmeš um-mu-lu-tu4 ša2 ina GABA mullu-lim / GUBmeš-zu dḪar-ri-ru dTIR.AN.NA «Тусклые звезды, которые стоят на груди Оленя, Харриру, Радуга» (I i 32–33). (2) Астрологические предсказания: dTIR.AN.NA UD ḪE2.NUN MU.NE / DIŠ ina imU18.LU A.AN ina imSI.SA2 A.KAL ina imKUR.RA A.AN ina imMAR GIR3.BAL «Имя Радуги — “день изобилия”. Если (она видна) на юге — дождь, на севере — наводнение, на востоке — дождь, на западе — опустошение» (II iii 33–34) [MA, 27, 112–113, 135]; не исключено, что в этом предсказании речь идет не о созвездии mulTIR.AN.NA, а о радуге как природном явлении, хотя контекст такое предположение как будто не допускает. Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu. diš 30 tur3 ban.an.na nigin… «Если Луна окружена гало (в виде) Небесного Лука….» [Koch Westenholz 1999, 163:138]; здесь ban.an.na, вероятно, образное выражение для обозначения радуги; см. в этой связи также: […gi]š.ban ban.an.na … ban an-e «[…] Лук, Небесный Лук … Небесный Лук» [NSAM 2, 80, IIIb 11′ + comm. p. 64]. «Большой список звезд». (1) multir.an.na = mulmin(=ab.sin2) «Радуга  = Борозда»; (2) tir.an.na ud nu-uḫ-šu2 mu.bi2 mar-ra-tum «Радуга, ее имя “день изобилия”, радуга» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 43, 167]. Dalbanna-текст. H. multir.[an.na] «Ра[дуга]» (β Cas), см. u06UD.KA.DU8.A. §e. [multir.an.na]? «[Радуга]» (β Cas), см. a39ANŠE.KUR.RA.

II. Божество.

Название созвездия фиксировалось с детерминативом божества уже в ранних одноязычных списках звезд. Храм dtir.an.na упоминается в гимне из Киша [Sjöberg, Bergmann 1969, 167, line 34]. (проверить и дополнить)

III. Отождествление.

= 18, 31 и 32 Андромеды (Andromeda) (?) [MA, 138; ASM, 274].

= β Cassiopeiae [Koch 1995, 57, H; ASM, 105, H].

IV. Астрология.

(1) Общее астрологическое значение; mul dTIR.AN.NA a-na [ŠE]G3 NU SUR / DIŠ ina UD er-pi ša2 ŠEG3 SUR dTIR.AN.[NA G]IL ŠEG3 NU SUR «(Созвездие) Радуга для (предсказания) отсутствия дождя. Если в облачный день, когда идет дождь, раду[га из]гибается: [дож]дя не будет» [ACh Ištar, 25:8; BPO 2, III 4–4a + Parallels;], вторая часть предсказания имеет, по-видимому, чисто метеорологическое значение, см. также [ibid., I 8]; [m]ulTIR AN.NA ana [IM].ŠEG3 ŠEG3 […] / dTIR.AN.NA ina iti˹AB˺ […] «(Созвездие) Радуга для (предсказания) дождя […]. Радуга в месяце тебету […]» [BPO 2, II 1–1a + Parallels], cр. MUL.APIN I iii 7–8, где дата гелиакического восхода mulIM.ŠEŠ относится также к тебету (см. i09).

(2) Луна, гало и радуга; [diš 30 tur3] mar-ra-tum nigin lal še u še.giš.i3 mar-ra-tum dtir.an.na tur3 dtir.an.na nigin-[ma] «[Если Луна] (при своем появлении) окружена [гало] (похожим на) радугу: уменьшение (урожая) ячменя и сезама. Marratum означает “радуга”, т.е. она окружена гало из радуги» [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:122]; здесь также, по-видимому, речь идет о наблюдении радуги как природного явления.

Example

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Horowitz W., 2016: “All About Rainbows,” in K. Schmid and C. Uehlinger eds., Laws of Heaven, Laws of Nature: The Legal Interpretation of Cosmic Phenomena in the Ancient World, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (OBO, Fribourg: Academic Press, and Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht): 40-51
  2. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
  5. ↑ D. Arnaud. Texte de la bibliothèque, transcriptions et traductions, 1987. (= Emar 6/4).
  6. ↑ Cavigneaux A. Textes scolares du temple de Nabû ša Harê. Texts from Babylon I. Baghdad, 1981.
  7. ↑ Cavigneaux A. // Baghdader Mitteilungen. 1979. Bd. X. S. 132-134.
  8. ↑ Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015):  “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.
  9. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  11. ↑ Verderame L. Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  13. ↑ George A.R. Review of H.Hunger and D.Pingree MUL.APIN. An astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform. Horn 1989 // ZA. 1991. Bd. 81, Halbband 2. S. 301-306.
  14. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. The Astrological Commentary Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.
  15. ↑ Verderame L. Le Tabole I-VI della serie astrologica Enūma Anu Enlil. Roma, Di.Sc.A.M., 2002 (Nisaba. Studi Assiriologici Messinesi).
  16. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  17. ↑ Sjoberg Å.W., Bergmann S.J. The Collection of the Sumerian Temple Hymns. N.Y., Locust Valley, 1969 (Texts from Cuneiform Sources, Vol. 3).
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
  19. ↑ Koch J. Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.
  20. ↑ Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)
  21. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. The Astrological Commentary Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu Tablet 1 // Res Orientales. 1999. Vol. XII. P.149-165.
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