MUŠ: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Hya+crt+crv stellarium mulapin.jpg|thumb|the Babylonian version of the "Hydra, Crater, Corvus" super-constellation does not contain a cup or jar. visualized in Stellarium (drawing by Jessica Gullberg)]] |
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<sup>mul (d)</sup>MUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. |
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[[File:Leo+vir umzeichng4plani black.png|thumb|Leo and Virgo above the MUŠ-Dragon, two claytablet drawings from the Seleucid era (roughly 2nd century BCE), CC BY SMH based upon the drawings by E. Weidner (1967) and Thureau-Dangin (1922).]] |
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<sup>(mul)</sup>MUŠ.ḪUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Hydra]].<sup>mul (d)</sup>MUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Hydra]]. |
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==Dictionary== |
==Dictionary== |
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=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
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= "Snake"; a constellation within the modern Hydra ( |
= "Snake"; a constellation within the modern [[Hydra]] (The Watersnake) [G. 284]. |
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!Identifications |
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|'''Lexical texts.''' |
|'''Lexical texts.''' |
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(1) Sumerian monolingual list from Nippur: <sup>mul</sup>muš [MSL XI, 108:403 |
* (1) Sumerian monolingual list from Nippur: <sup>mul</sup>muš [MSL XI, 108:403]. |
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* (2) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul d</sup>muš = ''ni-ra-ḫu'' "Snake = Nirah" [SpTU III, 114A v 47; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 109:304ʹ]. |
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* Astrolabe B. |
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** (1) List (12´3): mul ''ša'' egir-''šu''(BI) gub-[''zu''] / <sup>d</sup>muš <<''u''>> <sup>d</sup>''Nin-giš-z''[''i-da''] "The constellation that stands behind it (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>''A-nu-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub>) / The serpent, Ningišzid" (B iii 6-7). |
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** (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>sig<sub>4</sub> ... <sup>mul</sup>muš ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>[''En-lil''<sub>2</sub>] "The month of simanu: ... The serpent (rises) (in the path of) [Enlil] " (C iii 3). |
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** (3) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is simanu, setting is kislimu [KAV 218, C 17, 30; Horowitz 2014, 39-40], see (Kurtik s22[[SIPA.ZI.AN.NA|) SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]]. |
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* '''BM 82923.''' |
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** Simanu month, stars of Enlil: <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>MUŠ // 1] // <sup>d</sup>KA.DI <sup>d</sup>''A-nu'' "[Snake // 60] // Ishtaran, Anu" [Walker-Hunger 1977, 28, 30:9]. |
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Astrolabe B. (1) List (12´3): mul ša egir-šu(BI) gub-[zu] / <sup>d</sup>muš <<nowiki><u>> </nowiki><sup>d</sup>Nin-giš-z[i-da] "The constellation that stands behind it (i.e. <sup>mul</sup>A-nu-ni-tu<sub>4</sub>) / The serpent, Ningišzid" (B iii 6-7). (2) List (3´12): <sup>iti</sup>sig<sub>4</sub> ... <sup>mul</sup>muš šu-ut <sup>d</sup>[En-lil<sub>2</sub>] "The month of simanu: ... The serpent (rises) (in the path of) [Enlil] " (C iii 3). (4) List (rising-sunset=6m): rising is simanu, setting is kislimu [KAV 218, C 17, 30; Horowitz 2014, 39-40], see s22[[SIPA.ZI.AN.NA]]. |
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'''BM |
* '''BM 34713.''' |
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** The month simanu, stars of Enlil instead of <sup>múl</sup>muš is erroneously <sup>múl</sup>alla, see (Kurtik k10) [[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]]. |
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The month simanu, stars of Enlil instead of <sup>múl</sup>muš is erroneously <sup>múl</sup>alla, see k10[[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]]. |
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* (1) The stars of Anu (no. 13): <sup>mul d</sup>MUŠ <sup>d</sup>''Nin-giš-zi-da'' EN ''er-ṣe-tu''<sub>4</sub> "Snake, Ningishzida, lord of the underworld" (I ii 8), for a parallel see. [ACh Suppl. 2, 67:16]. |
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'''The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.''' |
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* (2) Dates of heliacal risings: 'on the 15th day of duuzu' (I ii 42), see (Kurtik k10) [[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]]. |
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* (3) Simultaneous daily risings and settings: |
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** a) (I iii 17), see (Kurtik a04) A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = [[TE8.mušen|TE<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]] |
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** b) (I iii 32), see (Kurtik a48) AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub> = [[IKU|<sup>mul</sup>IKU]] [MA, 32, 41, 48, 52]. |
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* (1) 12 Amurru stars: <sup>mul</sup>muš; |
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* (2) 7 tikpi stars: <sup>mul</sup>muš; |
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* (3) igi muš <sup>d</sup>ban.ba.an.šur da-ʼ-ik an.ki "Before the Serpent Banbanshur, the killer of heaven and earth"; |
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* <sup>mul</sup>muš = <sup>d</sup>''Ereš-ki-gal'', see also [HBA 52:29; Wee 2016, 162-3]. |
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* (D) <sup>mul</sup>muš 'Snake' (β Cnc), see (Kurtik a18) [[AL.LUL]], |
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* (F) murub<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>muš 'Mid Snake' (θ Hya), |
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(1) The stars of Anu (no. 13): <sup>mul d</sup>MUŠ <sup>d</sup>Nin-giš-zi-da EN er-ṣe-tu<sub>4</sub> "Snake, Ningishzida, lord of the underworld" (I ii 8), for a parallel see. [ACh Suppl. 2, 67:16]. (2) Dates of heliacal risings: 'on the 15th day of duuzu' (I ii 42), see k10[[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]]. (3) Simultaneous daily risings and settings: a) (I iii 17), see a04[[A2mušen|A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup>]], b) (I iii 32), see a48[[AŠ.GAN2|AŠ.GAN<sub>2</sub>]] [MA, 32, 41, 48, 52]. |
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* §N. mu[l murub<sub>4</sub> muš] "Star in the middle part of the Serpent" (ζ Hya). |
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<sup>mul</sup>muš |
* §O. <sup>mul</sup>sag muš "Star of the head of the Serpent" (ε Hya), see (Kurtik m18) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR]]. |
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* Planisphere. In sector 5. a badly damaged image for <sup>mul</sup>muš, according to [Koch 1989, 80-81; Kurtik 2007, Fig. 9]. See also <sup>mul d</sup>muš in text 81-7-27, 81 [MCG, 175, 177], <sup>múl d</sup>MUŠ [SpTU III, 102:10]. |
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⚫ | Intercalation scheme: [<sup>mul</sup>ṣal-bat]-a-nu (the star Antagubbu in the month of Arahsamnu) is the planetary name for <sup>mul</sup>muš, according to [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 79, Anm. 63], see u20[[UR.GU.LA]]. |
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=== Additional === |
=== Additional === |
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'''II. Deity.''' |
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==== II. Deity. ==== |
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In the astronomical context, <sup>mul d</sup>MUŠ corresponds with 4 deities, of which 2 have a serpentine character. |
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* (1) Ningishzida (Astrl. B, MUL.APIN) — a chthonic deity whose symbol was considered to be the horned snake or dragon bašmu [Van Buren 1934; 1946, 15-16; Wiggermann 1997, 39-42]; a number of texts assert his aquatic character (see b08 ''[[Bašmu]]''); in Astrl. B and in MUL.APIN an identity is assumed: <sup>mul d</sup>MUŠ = <sup>d</sup>''Nin-giš-zi-da'' = (<sup>d</sup>''Bašmu''), nowhere else; see also (Kurtik n29 [[NIN.GIŠ.ZI.DA|<sup>d</sup>NIN.GIŠ.ZI.DA]]). |
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'''III. Symbol.''' |
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⚫ | * (2) Nirah was an ancient deity honored in the city of Der in eastern Mesopotamia, in the temple of Enlil at Nippur, and in some other places. Nirah was a member of the entourage of Ishtaran, the city god of Der; in kudurru, Nirah is defined as "Messenger of Ishtaran" (<sup>d</sup>''Niraḫ šip-ru ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Ištarān'') [McEwan 1983, 222]. Hence probably the identification <sup>d</sup>MUŠ = <sup>d</sup>KA.DI adopted in BM 82923. The standard meaning of the Akkadian word ''nirāḫu'' "small snake, uzhu" [CAD N/2, 259b; AHw, 739b]. On the reading of <sup>d</sup>MUŠ as <sup>d</sup>''Niraḫ'' see. [Fauna, 2:9, 60-61; McEwan 1983; Lambert 1985, 444, note 46]. |
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==== III. Symbol. ==== |
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For a description of Bašmu see b08. A very similar image is found on the Seleucid tablet VAT 7847 from Uruk (a horned dragon lying down with outstretched forelegs of a lion (?), with wings and a long tail of a snake, also with a lion moving on its back; next to the inscriptions <sup>mul</sup>muš "Snake" and <sup>mul</sup>ur.gu.la "Lion") see [Weidner 1927, Taf. V,2; 1967, Taf. 5-6; Kurtik 2007, fig. 11]. Description of the scene in the fragmentary text: [MUL] <sup>d</sup>UR.GU.LA ṣa-mi-du / [...] MUL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ ka-bi-is, quoted in [Wiggermann 1997, 34, note 13]. For images of Nirah on seals, see. [McEwan 1983, 221]. On kudurru Nirah, sometimes identified with Ishtaran, was depicted in the form of a huge snake coiled in a ring or stretched to its full length from top to bottom. The image was usually located in the upper register, where the symbols of celestial luminaries were placed [McEwan 1983, 221-222; Seidl 1968]. |
For a description of ''[[Bašmu]]'' see (Kurtik b08). A very similar image is found on the Seleucid tablet VAT 7847 from Uruk (a horned dragon lying down with outstretched forelegs of a lion (?), with wings and a long tail of a snake, also with a lion moving on its back; next to the inscriptions <sup>mul</sup>muš "Snake" and <sup>mul</sup>ur.gu.la "Lion") see [Weidner 1927, Taf. V,2; 1967, Taf. 5-6; Kurtik 2007, fig. 11]. Description of the scene in the fragmentary text: [MUL] <sup>d</sup>UR.GU.LA ''ṣa-mi-du'' / [...] MUL <sup>d</sup>MUŠ ''ka-bi-is'', quoted in [Wiggermann 1997, 34, note 13]. For images of Nirah on seals, see. [McEwan 1983, 221]. On kudurru Nirah, sometimes identified with Ishtaran, was depicted in the form of a huge snake coiled in a ring or stretched to its full length from top to bottom. The image was usually located in the upper register, where the symbols of celestial luminaries were placed [McEwan 1983, 221-222; Seidl 1968]. |
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How the constellation <sup>d</sup>MUŠ was thought of remains not entirely clear. Perhaps in the Kassite period, it was the serpent Nirah, in the Seleucid period the serpentine dragon Bašmu. The later version of Urra XXII, which gives the identity: <sup>mul d</sup>muš = ni-ra-ḫu, seems to reflect an earlier tradition. |
How the constellation <sup>d</sup>MUŠ was thought of remains not entirely clear. Perhaps in the Kassite period, it was the serpent Nirah, in the Seleucid period the serpentine dragon Bašmu. The later version of Urra XXII, which gives the identity: <sup>mul d</sup>muš = ''ni-ra-ḫu'', seems to reflect an earlier tradition. |
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'''IV. Identity.''' |
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==== IV. Identity. ==== |
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= Hydra + β Cancri [G. 284; Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 73]. |
= Hydra + β Cancri [G. 284; Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 73]. |
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= Hydra [Weidner1957-59, 74b,79b; BPO 2, 13; MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C; ASM, 276; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75]. |
= Hydra [Weidner1957-59, 74b,79b; BPO 2, 13; MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C; ASM, 276; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75]. |
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Head <sup>mul</sup>muš = δ Hydrae, tail end <sup>mul</sup>muš = αβγδ Crateris [Koch 1989, 80-85, 111]. For a discussion see. [Pingree 1992, 169; Koch 1995, 58, Anm. 14]. |
Head <sup>mul</sup>muš = δ Hydrae, tail end <sup>mul</sup>muš = αβγδ Crateris [Koch 1989, 80-85, 111]. For a discussion see. [Pingree 1992, 169; Koch 1995, 58, Anm. 14]. |
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(1) MUL SAG MUŠ "Asterism of the Snake's head," see GU text, dbn text. |
(1) MUL SAG MUŠ "Asterism of the Snake's head," see GU text, dbn text. |
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(3) MUL GABA MUŠ "Star on the breast of the Serpent," see dbn -text. |
(3) MUL GABA MUŠ "Star on the breast of the Serpent," see dbn -text. |
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==== VI. Astrology. ==== |
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Identities: |
Identities: |
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(1) = Mars; DIŠ <sup>mul d</sup>MUŠ ana <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL TE <sup>d</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu ana mul[...] "If the Snake approaches the Crab, (it means): Mars to [...] [ACh Ištar, 30:28], see also [ACh Suppl. 2, 66:7]. |
(1) = Mars; DIŠ <sup>mul d</sup>MUŠ ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL TE <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu ana'' mul[...] "If the Snake approaches the Crab, (it means): Mars to [...] [ACh Ištar, 30:28], see also [ACh Suppl. 2, 66:7]. |
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Predications: |
Predications: |
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(2) Stars and the Snake; DIŠ MIN (=MUL.MUL) ana <sup>mul</sup>MUŠ KUR-ud ina MU.BI GAN<sub>2</sub>.BA TUR "If the stars(=Mercury or Saturn) reach the Snake: business activity will decrease this year" [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 ii 14], for a parallel see. [BPO 3, 146, Sm.1480+:13; 148, K.137:1], see m35[[MUL.MUL]], V 2. |
(2) Stars and the Snake; DIŠ MIN (=MUL.MUL) ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>MUŠ KUR-''ud ina'' MU.BI GAN<sub>2</sub>.BA TUR "If the stars(=Mercury or Saturn) reach the Snake: business activity will decrease this year" [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 ii 14], for a parallel see. [BPO 3, 146, Sm.1480+:13; 148, K.137:1], see (Kurtik m35) [[MUL.MUL]], V 2. |
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== Historical Dictionaries == |
== Historical Dictionaries == |
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! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022) |
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, m43) |
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! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950) |
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950) |
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Latest revision as of 05:45, 22 April 2025
(mul)MUŠ.ḪUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in Hydra.mul (d)MUŠ is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in Hydra.
Dictionary
Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim
= "Snake"; a constellation within the modern Hydra (The Watersnake) [G. 284].
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Lexical texts.
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EAE.
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"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."
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MUL.APIN.
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"Great Star List and Miscellenia".
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List of stars VR 46, 1:29.
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GU text.
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Dalbanna-text.
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Text of Nv. 10.
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Additional
II. Deity.
In the astronomical context, mul dMUŠ corresponds with 4 deities, of which 2 have a serpentine character.
- (1) Ningishzida (Astrl. B, MUL.APIN) — a chthonic deity whose symbol was considered to be the horned snake or dragon bašmu [Van Buren 1934; 1946, 15-16; Wiggermann 1997, 39-42]; a number of texts assert his aquatic character (see b08 Bašmu); in Astrl. B and in MUL.APIN an identity is assumed: mul dMUŠ = dNin-giš-zi-da = (dBašmu), nowhere else; see also (Kurtik n29 dNIN.GIŠ.ZI.DA).
- (2) Nirah was an ancient deity honored in the city of Der in eastern Mesopotamia, in the temple of Enlil at Nippur, and in some other places. Nirah was a member of the entourage of Ishtaran, the city god of Der; in kudurru, Nirah is defined as "Messenger of Ishtaran" (dNiraḫ šip-ru ša2 dIštarān) [McEwan 1983, 222]. Hence probably the identification dMUŠ = dKA.DI adopted in BM 82923. The standard meaning of the Akkadian word nirāḫu "small snake, uzhu" [CAD N/2, 259b; AHw, 739b]. On the reading of dMUŠ as dNiraḫ see. [Fauna, 2:9, 60-61; McEwan 1983; Lambert 1985, 444, note 46].
III. Symbol.
For a description of Bašmu see (Kurtik b08). A very similar image is found on the Seleucid tablet VAT 7847 from Uruk (a horned dragon lying down with outstretched forelegs of a lion (?), with wings and a long tail of a snake, also with a lion moving on its back; next to the inscriptions mulmuš "Snake" and mulur.gu.la "Lion") see [Weidner 1927, Taf. V,2; 1967, Taf. 5-6; Kurtik 2007, fig. 11]. Description of the scene in the fragmentary text: [MUL] dUR.GU.LA ṣa-mi-du / [...] MUL dMUŠ ka-bi-is, quoted in [Wiggermann 1997, 34, note 13]. For images of Nirah on seals, see. [McEwan 1983, 221]. On kudurru Nirah, sometimes identified with Ishtaran, was depicted in the form of a huge snake coiled in a ring or stretched to its full length from top to bottom. The image was usually located in the upper register, where the symbols of celestial luminaries were placed [McEwan 1983, 221-222; Seidl 1968].
How the constellation dMUŠ was thought of remains not entirely clear. Perhaps in the Kassite period, it was the serpent Nirah, in the Seleucid period the serpentine dragon Bašmu. The later version of Urra XXII, which gives the identity: mul dmuš = ni-ra-ḫu, seems to reflect an earlier tradition.
IV. Identity.
= Hydra + β Cancri [G. 284; Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 73].
= Hydra [Weidner1957-59, 74b,79b; BPO 2, 13; MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C; ASM, 276; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75].
Head mulmuš = δ Hydrae, tail end mulmuš = αβγδ Crateris [Koch 1989, 80-85, 111]. For a discussion see. [Pingree 1992, 169; Koch 1995, 58, Anm. 14].
V. Parts of the constellation and individual stars.
(1) MUL SAG MUŠ "Asterism of the Snake's head," see GU text, dbn text.
(2) MURUB4 mulMUŠ "The middle of the Serpent", see GU-text, dbn -text.
(3) MUL GABA MUŠ "Star on the breast of the Serpent," see dbn -text.
VI. Astrology.
Identities:
(1) = Mars; DIŠ mul dMUŠ ana mulAL.LUL TE dṢal-bat-a-nu ana mul[...] "If the Snake approaches the Crab, (it means): Mars to [...] [ACh Ištar, 30:28], see also [ACh Suppl. 2, 66:7].
Predications:
(2) Stars and the Snake; DIŠ MIN (=MUL.MUL) ana mulMUŠ KUR-ud ina MU.BI GAN2.BA TUR "If the stars(=Mercury or Saturn) reach the Snake: business activity will decrease this year" [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 ii 14], for a parallel see. [BPO 3, 146, Sm.1480+:13; 148, K.137:1], see (Kurtik m35) MUL.MUL or MUL2.MUL2, V 2.
Historical Dictionaries
Kurtik (2022, m43) | Gössmann (1950) |
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= «Змея»; созвездие в пределах современной Гидры (Hydra) [G. 284].
I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. (1) Шумерский одноязычный список из Ниппура: mulmuš [MSL XI, 108:403]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: mul dmuš = ni-ra-ḫu «Змея = Нирах» [SpTU III, 114A v 47; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 109:304ʹ]. ЕАЕ. См. [BPO 3, 146, Sm.1480+:13; 148, K.137:1]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe B. (1) Список (12´3): mul ša egir-šu(BI) gub-[zu] / dmuš <<u>> dNin-giš-z[i-da] «Созвездие, которое позади него (т.е. mulA-nu-ni-tu4) стоит / Змея, Нингишзида» (B iii 6–7). (2) Cписок (3´12): itisig4 … mulmuš šu-ut d[En-lil2] «Месяц симану: … Змея (на пути) [Энлиля] (восходит)» (C iii 3). (4) Список (восход–заход=6m): восход — симану, заход — кислиму [KAV 218, C 17, 30; Horowitz 2014, 39–40], см. s22SIPA.ZI.AN.NA. BM 82923. Месяц симану, звезды Энлиля: mu[lMUŠ // 1] // dKA.DI dA-nu «[Змея // 60] // Иштаран, Ану» [Walker–Hunger 1977, 28, 30:9]. BM 34713. Месяц симану, звезды Энлиля вместо múlmuš стоит ошибочно múlalla, см. k10KAK.SI.SA2. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Энлиля (№ 3): mulmuš [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Ану (№ 13): mul dMUŠ dNin-giš-zi-da EN er-ṣe-tu4 «Змея, Нингишзида, владыка преисподней» (I ii 8), параллель см. [ACh Suppl. 2, 67:16]. (2) Даты гелиакических восходов: «15-го дуузу» (I ii 42), см. k10KAK.SI.SA2. (3) Одновременные суточные восходы и заходы: a) (I iii 17), см. a04A2mušen, b) (I iii 32), см. a48AŠ.GAN2 [MA, 32, 41, 48, 52]. «Большой список звезд». (1) 12 звезд Амурру: mulmuš; (2) 7 tikpi-звезд: mulmuš; (3) igi muš dban.ba.an.šur da-ʼ-ik an.ki «Перед Змеем Банбаншур, убийцей неба и земли»; (4) igi muš dla.ba.an.šur da-ʼ-ik an.ki «Перед Змеем Лабаншур, убийцей неба и земли» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B: 216, 224, 245, 246]; см. также список «7 tikpi-звезд» [KAR, 142 i 37]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:29. mulmuš = dEreš-ki-gal, см. также [HBA 52:29; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. (D) mulmuš «Змея» (β Cnc), см. a18AL.LUL, (F) murub4 mulmuš «Cередина Змеи» (θ Hya), (G) murub4 mulmuš «Cередина Змеи» (ζ Hya) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:5, 9, 12], см. k10KAK.SI.SA2, n52NUNki. Dalbanna-текст. §N. mu[l murub4 muš] «Звезда средней части Змеи» (ζ Hya). §O. mulsag muš «Звезда головы Змеи» (ε Hya), см. m18MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR. §P. MUL GABA MU[Š] «Звезда на груди Зме[и]» (30 Mon, 1, 2 Hya) [Walker 1995, 32–33; Koch 1995, 58–59; ASM, 106]. Текст Nv. 10. Схема интеркаляции: [mulṣal-bat]-a-nu (звезда Антагуббу в месяце арахсамну) — планетное имя для mulmuš, согласно [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 79, Anm. 63], см. u20UR.GU.LA. «Планисфера». В секторе 5 сильно поврежденное изображение mulmuš, cогласно [Koch 1989, 80–81; Куртик 2007, рис. 9]. См. также mul dmuš в тексте 81-7-27, 81 [MCG, 175, 177], múl dMUŠ [SpTU III, 102:10]. II. Божество. В астрономическом контексте mul dMUŠ соотносится с 4 божествами, из которых 2 имеют змеиный характер. (1) Нингишзида (Astrl. B, MUL.APIN) — хтоническое божество, символом которого считалась рогатая змея или дракон bašmu [Van Buren 1934; 1946, 15–16; Wiggermann 1997, 39–42]; в ряде текстов утверждается его водный характер (см. b08); в Astrl. B и в MUL.APIN предполагается тождество: mul dMUŠ = dNin-giš-zi-da = (dBašmu), нигде более не встречающееся; см. также n29. (2) Нирах — древнее божество, почитавшееся в городе Дере на востоке Месопотамии, в храме Энлиля в Ниппуре и некоторых других местах. Нирах входил в окружение Иштарана, городского бога Дера; на кудурру Нирах определяется как «Посланник Иштарана» (dNiraḫ šip-ru ša2 dIštarān) [McEwan 1983, 222]. Отсюда, вероятно, отождествление dMUŠ = dKA.DI, принятое в BM 82923. Стандартное значение аккадского слова nirāḫu «маленькая змея, уж» [CAD N/2, 259b; AHw, 739b]. О чтении dMUŠ как dNiraḫ см. [Fauna, 2:9, 60–61; McEwan 1983; Lambert 1985, 444, note 46]. III. Символ. Описание Bašmu см. b08. Весьма похожее изображение встречаем на селевкидской табличке VAT 7847 из Урука (лежащий рогатый дракон с вытянутыми передними лапами льва (?), крыльями и длинным змеиным хвостом, по его спине движется лев; рядом надписи mulmuš «Змея» и mulur.gu.la «Лев») см. в [Weidner 1927, Taf. V,2; 1967, Taf. 5–6; Куртик 2007, рис. 11]. Описание сцены в фрагментарном тексте: [MUL] dUR.GU.LA ṣa-mi-du / […] MUL dMUŠ ka-bi-is, цит. по [Wiggermann 1997, 34, note 13]. Изображения Нираха на печатях см. [McEwan 1983, 221]. На кудурру Нирах, отождествляемый иногда с Иштараном, изображался в виде огромной змеи, свернутой в кольцо или вытянутой во всю длину сверху вниз. Изображение располагалось обычно в верхнем регистре, где помещались символы небесных светил [McEwan 1983, 221–222; Seidl 1968]. Каким образом мыслилось созвездие dMUŠ, остается не до конца ясным. Возможно, в касситский период это был змей Нирах, в селевкидский период — змеевидный дракон Bašmu. Поздняя версия Urra XXII, в которой приведено тождество: mul dmuš = ni-ra-ḫu, отражает, по-видимому, более раннюю традицию. IV. Отождествление. = Hydra + β Cancri [G. 284; Waerden 1949, 13; 1974, 73]. = Hydra [Weidner1957–59, 74b,79b; BPO 2, 13; MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C; ASM, 276, Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75]. Голова mulmuš = δ Hydrae, конец хвоста mulmuš = αβγδ Crateris [Koch 1989, 80–85, 111]. Дискуссия см. [Pingree 1992, 169; Koch 1995, 58, Anm. 14]. V. Части созвездия и отдельные звезды. (1) MUL SAG MUŠ «Звезда головы Змеи», см. GU-текст, dbn-текст. (2) MURUB4 mulMUŠ «Середина Змеи», см. GU-текст, dbn -текст. (3) MUL GABA MUŠ «Звезда на груди Змеи», см. dbn -текст. VI. Астрология. Тождества: (1) = Марс; DIŠ mul dMUŠ ana mulAL.LUL TE dṢal-bat-a-nu ana mul[…] «Если Змея к Крабу приблизилась, (это означает): Марс к […] [ACh Ištar, 30:28], см. также [ACh Suppl. 2, 66:7]. Предсказания: (2) Звезды и Змея; DIŠ MIN (=MUL.MUL) ana mulMUŠ KUR-ud ina MU.BI GAN2.BA TUR «Если Звезды(=Меркурий или Сатурн) Змеи достигают: в этом году деловая активность уменьшится» [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 ii 14], параллель см. [BPO 3, 146, Sm.1480+:13; 148, K.137:1], см. m35MUL.MUL, V 2. |
Example |