NU.MUŠ.DA

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mul / dNU.MUŠ.DA (𒀯𒉡𒈲𒁕) is an ancient Mesopotamian constellation within The Centaur (Centaurus). Akkadian parallel to (mul)Nammaššû, "Herds of (wild) animals"(?) [CAD[1] N/1, 233-234].

Concordance, Etymology, History

Krebernik (2023)

The god dNu-muš-da, city god of Kazallu, is a son of the moon god Nanna/Sîn. Spellings of the star name often omit the determinative for deities. According to Hh, the reading of the star name is nammaššû “herds of animals” (see SpTU III[2] nr. 114 iv 127). Therefore, the sumerogram could be based on folk etymology. 5R 46: 44 gives the reading/explanation dŠa-gi-mu “The Roaring (god)”. MUL dNU.MUŠ.DA (EA 8r).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= nammaššû, lit. "Herds of (wild) animals"; (?) [CAD[1] N/1, 233ff.; AHw[3], 728a; Gössmann[4] 305].

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.
  • (1) Urra XXII series: mulnu.muš.da = nam-maš-šu-u2 [MSL XI[5], 31, Section 11:4; SpTU III[2], 114A v 63; Bloch-Horowitz 2015[6], 111:323ʹ].
  • (2) Series Ḫg. B VI: [mul]nu.muš.da = na-maš-šu-u2 = dIM [MSL XI, 41:48], mulnu.muš.da = (skip) = nam-maš-šu-u2 [SpTU III[2], 116 iii 17].
EAE.

See. [ABCD[7] 62, 203-204, EAE 20, VII Rec. B, r. 7, 9].

"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."

Astrolabe P.

  • Month of Shabbat, stars of Ea, 160 [Pinches 1900[8], 575].

Astrolabe B.

  • (1) List (3´12): [itiziz2 mu]lnu.muš.da šu-ut dE2-a "[Shabbat]: Numushda (on the way) of Ea (rising)" (C i 11).
  • (2) List (sunrise-sunset=6m):
    • a) itiziz2 mulnu.muš.da mulsim.maḫ mulDa-mu e3 "[Shabbat: Numushda, Swallow, Damu ascend" (C 33),
    • b) [mul]nu.muš.da mulsim.maḫ mulDa-mu š[u2] "(Abu): Numushda, Swallow, Damu dec[lines]" [KAV[9] 218, C 22; Horowitz 2014[10], 40].
BM 82923.

Month of Shabbat, stars Ea:

  • mulNU.MUŠ.DA // 2,40 // DINGIR.DINGIR ki-lal dIM dAMAR.UTU "Numushda // 160 // Both deities are Adad (and) Marduk" [Walker-Hunger 1977[11], 30:31].
BM 34713.
  • itiziz2 // 2.40 múlnu.muš.da // 1.10 múlalla // 35 múlti8[mušen] "Shabbat: 160 Numushda, 70 Crab, 35 Eagle" [LBAT[12], 1499:11].
"Round astrolabes."
  • K.14943+: itiziz2.a.an // mulnu.muš.d[a] // ˹2,40˺ "(Stars of Ea), Shabbat, Numushda, 160" [CT[13] 33, 12].
The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.

List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 3): mulnu.muš.da [CT[13] 33, 9 r. 16; MCG[14], 176].

MUL.APIN.
  • (1) Stars of Ea (no. 8):  MUL ša2 EGIR-šu2-nu GUB-zu GIM dE2-a KUR-ḫa / GIM dE2-a ŠU2meš mulNu-muš-da dIM "The star that stands behind them (i.e., behind Shullat and Hanish) rises like Ea and sets like Ea: Numushda, Adad" (I ii 26-27) [MA[15], 37].
"Great Star List and Miscellenia."
  • (1) mulnu.muš.da = [...], mulmin = d[...], mulmin = damar.utu;
  • (2) 12 stars of Elam: muln[u.muš.da] [Mesop.Astrol.[16], App. B:130-132, 206].
List of stars VR 46, 1:44.
  • mulnu.muš.da = dingir ša2-gi-mu "Numushda = roaring god" [HBA[17], 52:44; Wee 2016[18], 162-3].
GU text. 
  • (L) ˹mulnu.muš.˺da "Numushda" (κ Cen) [Pingree-Walker 1988[7], BM 78161:20; ASM[19], 92], see also (Kurtik d11) DINGIR.KU.Ameš.
Temple ritual in Babylon.
  • múlnu.muš.da muš-tab-ru-u zunni(šeg3) "Numushda, the one who prolongs rain" [RAcc.[20] 138:312; Linssen 2004[21], 220, 229].
Anaphora.
  • А 3427: ina itiziz2 ina še-rim ud 28 múlnu.muš.da ki.min(=meš-ḫa im-šuḫ ZI) "In (the month of) Shabbat, on the morning of the 28th day, Numushda emits mišḫu and rises" [Schaumberger 1955[22], 238:6], parallel in Sp II 202+: ina ziz2 ina še-rim 28 múlnu.muš.da meš-ḫu im-šuḫ ZI [ibid.[22] 246:25]. See also: [mulNU].MUŠ.DA d˹E2˺-[a...] [CT[13] 26, 48, K.11806: 10-11].
Convex Hull for the stars inside Numushda (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).

Stars within the Constellation Area

id Label IAU design. description Vmag
1 Rigil Kentaurus HIP 71683 Constellation lines (Vertex) 0.01
2 Hadar HIP 68702 Constellation lines 0.58
3 Acrux HIP 60718 Constellation lines (Vertex) 0.76
4 Mimosa HIP 62434 Inside the Hull 1.25
5 * alf01 Cru HR 4730 Inside the Hull 1.28
6 Gacrux HIP 61084 Constellation lines (Vertex) 1.64
7 Menkent HIP 68933 Constellation lines 2.05
8 γ Centauri HIP 61932 Constellation lines 2.17
9 ϵ Centauri HIP 66657 Constellation lines 2.3
10 η Centauri HIP 71352 Constellation lines (Vertex) 2.31
11 Leepwal HIP 68002 Constellation lines 2.55
12 Kulou (库楼) HIP 65109 Constellation lines 2.73
13 * gam Cen A HIP 61932 Constellation lines 2.82
14 * gam Cen B HIP 61932 Constellation lines (Vertex) 2.88
15 Heng (衡) HIP 67464 Inside the Hull 3.386
16 μ Centauri HIP 67472 Inside the Hull 3.43
17 ι Lupi HIP 69996 Inside the Hull 3.529
18 ϕ Centauri HIP 68245 Inside the Hull 3.802
19 υ 1 Centauri HIP 68282 Inside the Hull 3.87
20 d Cen HIP 65936 Inside the Hull 3.88
21 ω Cen HD 116790 Inside the Hull 3.9
22 * bet Cen B * bet Cen B Inside the Hull 3.95
23 μ 1 Crucis HIP 63003 Inside the Hull 4.04
24 2 Cen HIP 67457 within constellation lines 4.19
25 1 Cen HIP 67153 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.23
26 n Cen HIP 62896 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.27
27 ξ 2 Centauri HIP 64004 Inside the Hull 4.27
28 e Cen HIP 62867 Inside the Hull 4.33
29 υ 2 Centauri HIP 68523 Inside the Hull 4.33
30 χ Centauri HIP 68862 Inside the Hull 4.343
31 v Cen HIP 70069 Inside the Hull 4.35
32 τ 2 Lupi HIP 70576 Inside the Hull 4.35
33 σ Lupi HIP 71121 Inside the Hull 4.423
34 J Cen HIP 65271 Inside the Hull 4.509
35 * 3 Cen A HIP 67669 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.52
36 τ 1 Lupi HIP 70574 Inside the Hull 4.553
37 V831 Cen HIP 64425 Inside the Hull 4.593
38 λ Crucis HIP 63007 Inside the hull 4.602
39 - HIP 62327 Inside the hull 4.62
40 M Cen HIP 67234 Inside the Hull 4.632
41 w Cen HIP 62012 Inside the Hull 4.66
42 ι Crucis HIP 62268 Inside the Hull 4.686
43 f Cen HIP 63945 Inside the Hull 4.691
44 321 G. Cen HIP 69191 Inside the Hull 4.736
45 - HIP 70104 Inside the Hull 4.77
46 ξ 1 Centauri HIP 63724 Inside the Hull 4.826
47 185 G. Cen HIP 64408 Inside the Hull 4.85
48 191 G. Cen HIP 64583 Inside the Hull 4.93
49 CH Cru HIP 61966 Inside the Hull 4.94
50 340 G. Cen HIP 70264 Inside the Hull 4.94
51 K Cen HIP 65810 Inside the Hull 5.03
52 V795 Cen HIP 69618 Inside the Hull 5.07
53 217 G. Cen HIP 65535 Inside the Hull 5.09
54 z Cen HIP 67244 Constellation lines 5.147
55 H Cen HIP 63210 Inside the hull 5.159
56 μ 2 Crucis HIP 63005 Inside the hull 5.2
57 * Q Cen A HIP 66821 Inside the Hull 5.217
58 182 G. Cen HIP 64348 Inside the Hull 5.231
59 N Cen HIP 67703 Inside the Hull 5.257
60 - HIP 63117 Inside the Hull 5.32
61 251 G. Cen HIP 66849 Inside the Hull 5.372
62 - HIP 70931 Inside the Hull 5.376
63 V964 Cen HIP 65112 Inside the Hull 5.443
64 152 G. Cen HIP 63066 Inside the Hull 5.445
65 269 G. Cen HIP 67304 Inside the Hull 5.446
66 - HIP 70915 Inside the Hull 5.5
67 NGC 5662 NGC 5662 Inside the Hull 5.5
68 BG Cru HIP 61136 Inside the Hull 5.53
69 - HIP 71419 Inside the Hull 5.55
70 324 G. Cen HIP 69462 Inside the Hull 5.575
71 172 G. Cen HIP 63972 Inside the Hull 5.588
72 NGC 5460 NGC 5460 Inside the Hull 5.6
73 248 G. Cen HIP 66656 Inside the Hull 5.603
74 330 G. Cen HIP 69598 Inside the Hull 5.613
75 221 G. Cen HIP 65593 Inside the Hull 5.656
76 - HIP 70054 Inside the Hull 5.66
77 177 G. Cen HIP 64053 Inside the Hull 5.698
78 142 G. Cen HIP 62703 Inside the Hull 5.7
79 288 G. Cen HIP 67973 Inside the Hull 5.71
80 DS Cru HIP 62732 Inside the Hull 5.72
81 205 G. Cen HIP 65144 Inside the Hull 5.742
82 278 G. Cen HIP 67663 Inside the Hull 5.752
83 - HIP 62894 Inside the Hull 5.77
84 181 G. Cen HIP 64332 Inside the Hull 5.772
85 196 G. Cen HIP 64822 Inside the Hull 5.803
86 - HIP 70663 Inside the Hull 5.811
87 293 G. Cen HIP 68079 Inside the Hull 5.815
88 193 G. Cen HIP 64623 Inside the Hull 5.831
89 - HIP 71182 Inside the Hull 5.87
90 - HIP 71184 Inside the Hull 5.87
91 283 G. Cen HIP 67836 Inside the Hull 5.873
92 239 G. Cen HIP 66454 Inside the Hull 5.889
93 151 G. Cen HIP 63033 Inside the Hull 5.89
94 189 G. Cen HIP 64515 Inside the Hull 5.9
95 190 G. Cen HIP 64580 Inside the Hull 5.9
96 148 G. Cen HIP 62861 Inside the Hull 5.908
97 209 G. Cen HIP 65247 Inside the Hull 5.91
98 268 G. Cen HIP 67292 Inside the Hull 5.91
99 - HIP 66438A Inside the Hull 5.92
100 305 G. Cen HIP 68670 Inside the Hull 5.923
101 298 G. Cen HIP 68333 Inside the Hull 5.927
102 κ Crucis HIP 62931 Inside the Hull 5.94
103 256 G. Cen HIP 66924 Inside the Hull 5.956
104 236 G. Cen HIP 66427 Inside the Hull 5.957
105 V869 Cen HIP 69174 Inside the Hull 5.961
106 258 G. Cen HIP 66984 Inside the Hull 5.97
107 * 3 Cen B HIP 67669 Constellation lines (Vertex) 5.98
108 174 G. Cen HIP 64033 Inside the Hull 5.98
109 - HIP 62058 Inside the Hull 5.982
110 - HIP 70363 Inside the Hull 5.993
111 242 G. Cen HIP 66575 Inside the Hull 6
112 V744 Cen HIP 66666 Inside the Hull 6
113 253 G. Cen HIP 66925 Inside the Hull 6
114 291 G. Cen HIP 68101 Inside the Hull 6.01
115 V824 Cen HIP 64320 Inside the Hull 6.026
116 - HIP 66825 Inside the Hull 6.05
117 - HIP 62026 Inside the Hull 6.057
118 V828 Cen HIP 68673 Inside the Hull 6.088
119 203 G. Cen HIP 65129 Inside the Hull 6.09
120 V716 Cen HIP 69491 Inside the Hull 6.09
121 - HIP 70325 Inside the Hull 6.09
122 V767 Cen HIP 67861 Inside the Hull 6.1
123 302 G. Cen HIP 68493 Inside the Hull 6.108
124 192 G. Cen HIP 64557 Inside the Hull 6.147
125 229 G. Cen HIP 66019 Inside the Hull 6.148
126 - HR 5034 Inside the Hull 6.153
127 319 G. Cen HIP 69113 Inside the Hull 6.17
128 198 G. Cen HIP 64933 Inside the Hull 6.173
129 312 G. Cen HIP 68872 Inside the Hull 6.176
130 187 G. Cen HIP 64472 Inside the Hull 6.184
131 - HIP 67851 Inside the Hull 6.19
132 200 G. Cen HIP 65108 Inside the Hull 6.193
133 186 G. Cen HIP 64478 Inside the Hull 6.197
134 V992 Cen HIP 68842 Inside the Hull 6.204
135 * y Cen A HIP 67819 Inside the Hull 6.218
136 - HIP 60861 Inside the Hull 6.22
137 - HIP 61443 Inside the Hull 6.22
138 V789 Cen HIP 63820 Inside the Hull 6.249
139 141 G. Cen HIP 62655 Inside the Hull 6.257
140 222 G. Cen HIP 65630 Inside the Hull 6.257
141 147 G. Cen HIP 62821 Inside the Hull 6.262
142 144 G. Cen HIP 62799 Inside the Hull 6.304
143 332 G. Cen HIP 69671 Inside the Hull 6.305
144 220 G. Cen HIP 65606 Inside the Hull 6.31
145 232 G. Cen HIP 66236 Inside the Hull 6.319
147 347 G. Cen HIP 70580 Inside the Hull 6.333
148 V883 Cen HIP 69122 Inside the Hull 6.339
149 279 G. Cen HIP 67648 Inside the Hull 6.347
150 210 G. Cen HIP 65303 Inside the Hull 6.36
151 V765 Cen HIP 66645 Inside the Hull 6.36
152 - HD 126111 Inside the Hull 6.36
153 354 G. Cen HIP 71333 Inside the Hull 6.384
154 - HIP 70320 Inside the Hull 6.39
155 - HIP 70809 Inside the Hull 6.39
156 329 G. Cen HIP 69655 Inside the Hull 6.395
157 223 G. Cen HIP 65621 Inside the Hull 6.405
158 254 G. Cen HIP 66923 Inside the Hull 6.41
159 V1154 Cen HIP 63883 Inside the Hull 6.418
160 317 G. Cen HIP 69011 Inside the Hull 6.418
161 - HIP 62084 Inside the Hull 6.42
162 263 G. Cen HIP 67199 Inside the Hull 6.42
163 168 G. Cen HIP 63849 Inside the Hull 6.426
164 - HIP 70451 Inside the Hull 6.43
165 - HIP 67537 Inside the Hull 6.431
166 V827 Cen HIP 67036 Inside the Hull 6.44
167 - HR 4764 Inside the Hull 6.45
168 238 G. Cen HIP 66521 Inside the Hull 6.45
169 - HIP 65372 Inside the Hull 6.464
170 299 G. Cen HIP 68413 Inside the Hull 6.469
171 349 G. Cen HIP 70798 Inside the Hull 6.469
172 237 G. Cen HIP 66405 Inside the Hull 6.476
173 155 G. Cen HIP 63204 Inside the Hull 6.485
174 - HIP 65970 Inside the Hull 6.49
175 - HIP 67008 Inside the Hull 6.49
176 - HIP 71494 Inside the Hull 6.49
177 310 G. Cen HIP 68902 Inside the Hull 6.5
178 - HIP 65373 Constellation lines 6.77

Additional

II. Deity.

           Numushda — an ancient Sumerian deity associated with the city of Kazallu in northern Babylonia; the name is mentioned already in the lists of gods from Fara (XXVI century B.C.) [Krebernik 1986[23], 201]. He was considered the son of Nanna and was identified with the god of thunderstorm Adad, as well as with Marduk [Black-Green 1992[24], 145; Tallqvist 1938[25], 431].

III. Identification.

           = Grus + Indus (the group of stars from α β Sagittarii to α Phoenicis) [G. 305, I]; Schaumberger's remark, "Numushda is one of the southern constellations; its stars, having hardly appeared, quickly disappear again" [3. Erg.[26], 286].

           = Crane (Grus)(?) [Weidner 1957-59[27], 75a].

           = η Centauri(?) [MA[15], 138].

           = η or κ Centauri [ASM[19], 274].

           = part of Centauri (Centauri) [Beaulieu et al. 2018[28], 75].

IV. Astrology.

Identifications:

         (1) = Venus; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA kal u4-mi GUB-iz ina GI6 NU IGI a-bu-bu KUŠ7-tim GAR-an […] "If Numushda stands all day (and) is not seen at night: a devastating flood will occur [...]" [ACh Suppl.[29] 2, 78:15, 79:3], see also [3. Erg.[26], 285; Gössmann[4] 305, III 1].

         (2) = Mercury; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA za-mar i-lam-ma za-mar it-bal BE-ma  MUL.MEŠ-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e GAL2.MEŠ / dUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD IGI-ma TUM3-ma NU IGI ki-ma ina u4-mi IGI TUM3-ma NU IGI / MUL-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e DUG4.GA ša2 NU IGI "If Numushda revolves quickly, (then) disappears quickly, if its stars are like the midday Sun, (it means): Mercury appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, when in the daytime it appears, disappears and (again) does not appear, its star is like the noonday Sun; so they say when he does not appear." [ACh Ištar[29], 28:12-14]; here the identity is assumed: Numushda = Mercury.

         (3) Numushda = Marduk = Adad; [DIŠ mul]NU.MUŠ.DA dAMAR.UTU mulNU.MUŠ.DA dIM ša2 ina itiBAR2 dIM GU3-šu2 ne2-eḫ "[If] Numushda = Marduk, Numushda = Adad, who is in the month of nisan: Adad has quieted his cry" [ACh Adad[29], 17:7].

Predictions:

         (4) Numushda and the dark star; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA id IM.MER.RA MUL GI6 ra-kib AN.MI dUTU […] "If Numushda (= Venus?) rides to the northern dark star (Mercury or Saturn?): (there will be) a solar eclipse [...]" [ACh Suppl.[29] 2, 68:16, 69:3].

         (5) Numushda approaches the Plow; [DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ].DA ana mulAPIN TE dDil-bat ana dGU4.UD TE-ma […]  "[If Numush]da approaches the Plow, (it means): Venus approaches Mercury [...]" [ACh Ištar[29], 30:17]; for an alternative reading, see (Kurtik a43) gišAPIN, VI 2.

         See also the corrupted text: dAMAR.UTU ša-qu2-u2 GUB3 dNu-muš-da […] «Мардук высоко слева от Нумушда (стоит) […], mulNu-muš-da ḪUL-ta … […]  'The evil of Numushd ...[...]'" [ABCD[7], 204, VII Rec. B: rev 7, 9].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, n05)

(mul)Nammaššû
аккадская параллель к mulNU.MUŠ.DA, «Стада (диких) животных»(?) [CAD N/1, 233–234], см. n49NU.MUŠ.DA.
Kurtik (2022, n49) Gössmann (1950)
= nammaššû, букв. «Стада (диких) животных»; созвездие или звезда в пределах Центавра (Centaurus) (?) [CAD N/1, 233ff.; AHw, 728a; G. 305].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Urra XXII: mulnu.muš.da = nam-maš-šu-u2 [MSL XI, 31, Section 11:4; SpTU III, 114A v 63; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 111:323ʹ]. (2) Серия Ḫg. B VI: [mul]nu.muš.da = na-maš-šu-u2 = dIM [MSL XI, 41:48], mulnu.muš.da = (пропуск) = nam-maš-šu-u2 [SpTU III, 116 iii 17]. EAE. См. [ABCD 62, 203–204, EAE 20, VII Rec. B, r. 7, 9]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe P. Месяц шабату, звезды Эа, 160 [Pinches 1900, 575]. Astrolabe B.  (1) Cписок (3´12): [itiziz2 mu]lnu.muš.da šu-ut dE2-a «[Шабату]: Нумушда (на пути) Эа (восходит)» (C i 11). (2) Список (восход–заход=6m): a) itiziz2 mulnu.muš.da mulsim.maḫ mulDa-mu e3 «Шабату: Нумушда, Ласточка, Даму восходят» (С 33), b) [mul]nu.muš.da mulsim.maḫ mulDa-mu š[u2] «(Абу): Нумушда, Ласточка, Даму захо[дят]» [KAV 218, C 22; Horowitz 2014, 40]. BM 82923. Месяц шабату, звезды Эа: mulNU.MUŠ.DA // 2,40 // DINGIR.DINGIR ki-lal dIM dAMAR.UTU «Нумушда // 160 // Оба божества — Адад (и) Мардук» [Walker–Hunger 1977, 30:31]. BM 34713. itiziz2 // 2,40 múlnu.muš.da //  1,10 múlalla // 35 múlti8[mušen] «Шабату: 160 Нумушда, 70 Краб, 35 Орел» [LBAT, 1499:11]. «Круглые астролябии». K.14943+: itiziz2.a.an // mulnu.muš.d[a] // ˹2,40˺ «(Звезды Эа), шабату, Нумушда, 160» [CT 33, 12]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 3): mulnu.muš.da [CT 33, 9 r. 16; MCG, 176]. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Эа (№ 8): MUL ša2 EGIR-šu2-nu GUB-zu GIM dE2-a KUR-ḫa / GIM dE2-a ŠU2meš mulNu-muš-da dIM «Звезда, которая стоит позади них (т. е. позади Шуллат и Ханиш), восходит как Эа и заходит как Эа: Нумушда, Адад» (I ii 26–27) [MA, 37]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mulnu.muš.da =  […], mulmin = d[…], mulmin = damar.utu; (2) 12 звезд Элама: muln[u.muš.da] [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:130–132, 206]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:44. mulnu.muš.da  = dingir ša2-gi-mu «Нумушда = рычащий бог» [HBA, 52:44; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст.  (L) ˹mulnu.muš.˺da «Нумушда» (κ Cen) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:20; ASM, 92], см. также d11DINGIR.KU.Ameš. Храмовый ритуал в Вавилоне. múlnu.muš.da muš-tab-ru-u zunni(šeg3) «Нумушда, дождь продлевающий» [RAcc. 138:312; Linssen 2004, 220, 229]. Анафора. А 3427: ina itiziz2 ina še-rim ud 28 múlnu.muš.da ki.min(=meš-ḫa im-šuḫ ZI)  «В (месяце) шабату утром 28-го дня Нумушда испускает mišḫu и восходит» [Schaumberger 1955, 238:6], параллель в Sp II 202+: ina ziz2 ina še-rim 28 múlnu.muš.da meš-ḫu im-šuḫ ZI [ibid. 246:25]. См. также: [mulNU].MUŠ.DA d˹E2˺-[a…] [CT 26, 48, K.11806: 10–11].

II. Божество.

Нумушда — древнее шумерское божество, связанное с городом Казаллу на севере Вавилонии; имя упоминается уже в списках богов из Фары (XXVI в. до н.э.) [Krebernik 1986, 201]. Считался сыном Нанны и отождествлялся с богом грозы Ададом, а также с Мардуком [Black–Green 1992, 145; Tallqvist 1938, 431].

III. Отождествление.

= Grus + Indus (группа звезд от α β Sagittarii до α Phoenicis) [G. 305, I]; замечание Шаумбергера: «Нумушда — одно из южных созвездий; его звезды, едва появившись, быстро опять исчезают» [3. Erg., 286].

= Журавль (Grus)(?) [Weidner 1957–59, 75a].

= η Centauri(?) [MA, 138].

= η или κ Centauri [ASM, 274].

= часть Центавра (Centauri) [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 75].

IV. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1) = Венера; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA kal u4-mi GUB-iz ina GI6 NU IGI a-bu-bu KUŠ7-tim GAR-an […] «Если Нумушда весь день стоит (и) ночью не виден: потоп опустошительный произойдет […]» [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:15, 79:3], см. также [3. Erg., 285; G. 305, III 1].

(2) = Меркурий; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA za-mar i-lam-ma za-mar it-bal BE-ma  MUL.MEŠ-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e GAL2.MEŠ / dUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD IGI-ma TUM3-ma NU IGI ki-ma ina u4-mi IGI TUM3-ma NU IGI / MUL-šu2 GIM ka-ra-re-e DUG4.GA ša2 NU IGI  «Если Нумушда быстро вращается, (затем) быстро исчезает, если звезды его подобны полуденному Солнцу, (это означает): Меркурий появляется, исчезает и (вновь) не появляется, когда днем появляется, исчезает и (вновь) не появляется, звезда его подобна полуденному Солнцу; так говорят, когда он не появляется» [ACh Ištar, 28:12–14]; здесь предполагается тождество: Нумушда = Меркурий.

(3) Нумушда = Мардук = Адад; [DIŠ mul]NU.MUŠ.DA dAMAR.UTU mulNU.MUŠ.DA dIM ša2 ina itiBAR2 dIM GU3-šu2 ne2-eḫ «[Если] Нумушда = Мардук, Нумушда = Адад, который в месяце нисану: Адад крик свой усмирил» [ACh Adad, 17:7].

Предсказания:

(4) Нумушда и темная звезда; DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ.DA id IM.MER.RA MUL GI6 ra-kib AN.MI dUTU […] «Если Нумушда (= Венера?) к северу темную звезду (Меркурий или Сатурн?) оседлал: (будет) солнечное затмение […]» [ACh Suppl. 2, 68:16, 69:3].

(5) Нумушда к Плугу приближается; [DIŠ mulNU.MUŠ].DA ana mulAPIN TE dDil-bat ana dGU4.UD TE-ma […] «[Если Нумуш]да к Плугу приближается, (это означает): Венера к Меркурию приближается […]» [ACh Ištar, 30:17]; альтернативное прочтение см. a43gišAPIN, VI 2.

См. также поврежденный текст: dAMAR.UTU ša-qu2-u2 GUB3 dNu-muš-da […] «Мардук высоко слева от Нумушда (стоит) […], mulNu-muš-da ḪUL-ta … […] «Зло Нумушда …[…]» [ABCD, 204, VII Rec. B: rev 7, 9].  

Example

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  3. ↑ Soden von W. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden, 1985.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  5. ↑ Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
  6. ↑ Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015):  “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Rochberg-Halton F. Aspect of Babylonian Celestial Divination: The Lunar Eclipse Tablets of Enuma Anu Enlil. Horn, 1988 (AfO, Beiheft 22).
  8. ↑ Pinches T.G. Review of R.Brown. Researches into the Origin of the Primitive Constellations of the Greeks, Phoenicians, and Babylonians. Vol. 2. London, 1900 // JRAS. 1900. P. 571-577.
  9. ↑ Schroeder O. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts. Leipzig, 1920.
  10. ↑ Horowitz, W. (2014), The three stars each: the Astrolabes and related texts, Archiv für Orientforschung AfO Beiheft, 33.
  11. ↑ Walker C.B.F., Hunger H. Zwölfmaldrei // MDOG. 1977. Bd. 109. S. 27-34.
  12. ↑ A. Sachs, T. Pinches, J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts, London, 1955.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  14. ↑ Horowitz W. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography. Winona Lake, 1998 (Mesopotamian Civilisation, 8).
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  16. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  17. ↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  18. ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
  20. ↑ Thureau-Dansin F. Rittuels accadiens. Paris, 1921.
  21. ↑ Linssen, Marc J.H. The Cults of Uruk and Babylon : The Temple Ritual Texts as Evidence for Hellenistic Cult Practises. Vol. 25. Cuneiform Monographs. Leiden, Boston : Brill, Styx. 2004.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Schaumberger J. Anaphora und Aufgangskalender in neuen Ziqpu-Texten // ZA. 1955. Bd. 55 (N.F. 17). S. 237-251.
  23. ↑ Krebernik M. Die Götterlisten aus Fāra // ZA. 1986. Bd. 76, Halbband II. S. 161-204.
  24. ↑ Black J., Green A. Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London, British Museum Press, 1992.
  25. ↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Kugler    F.X.   Sternkunde   und   Sterndienst   in    Babel. 3.Ergänzungsheft   zum   ersten  und   zweiten   Buch   von J.Schaumberger. Münster, 1935.
  27. ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
  28. ↑ Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)
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