GIBIL6: Difference between revisions

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(added a lot to opening, what identification with H and x Per.)
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''Heading mulGIBIL6 (Girra)''

{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub>}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub>}}

[[File:OldMan+h+chiPer stellarium+myFoto.jpg|thumb|The Mesopotamian constellation of The Old Man, Enmesharra, with a photograph of the double star cluster h and chi Per. Painting by Jessica Gullberg, photograph and composition of the images by Susanne M Hoffmann (2025).]]
The astral manifestation of the Sumero-Akkadian fire-god Girra. In Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night, Girra is an independent constellation, <big>m<u>ost likely double star cluster h and χ Per. <nowiki>[[need proof for this and/or drawing???]]</nowiki>.</u> Later, Girra becomes identified with Mars because of its fiery red-orange color (see Horowitz 2020: 142-143) = 127.  Horowitz W., 2020, “Sky Blue, Red Heavens, and Orange Over Ancient Mesopotamia,’ Journal of Ancient Civilizations 35: 135-146.    </big>
⚫
<sup>mul</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub> is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism likely referring to the double star cluster h and χ Per.

⚫
<sup>mul</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub> is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, in fact

likely referring to the d


==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
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Var. readings:
Var. readings:


* <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI, <sup>d</sup>NE.GI; = <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR; = <sup>d</sup>''Girru'', fire god of Girru/Hirra;
* 1) <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI, <sup>d</sup>NE.GI (GIBIL<sub>6</sub>); = <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR; = <sup>d</sup>''Girru'', Sumero-Akkadian fire god, Girra.
* 1) star or constellation,
* 2) epithet of Mars, see also (Kurtik g13) [[GIŠ.BAR]].
* 2) epithet of Mars, see also (Kurtik g13) [[GIŠ.BAR]].


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Old Babylonian prayer:
Old Babylonian prayer:


* (a) Erm. 15642: ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra." [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:15], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306],
* (a) Erm. 15642: ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Girra." [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:15], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306],
* (b). AO 6769: ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI "Brilliant Hirra." [Dossin 1935, 181-182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60],
* (b). AO 6769: ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Girra." [Dossin 1935, 181-182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60],
* (c) CBS 574: ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>GIB[IL<sub>6</sub>] "Fierce Hir[ra]" [Horowitz-Wasserman 1996, 58:13].
* (c) CBS 574: ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>GIB[IL<sub>6</sub>] "Fierce Gir[ra]" [Horowitz-Wasserman 1996, 58:13].
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|-
|-
|Seleucid temple ritual.
|Seleucid temple ritual.


* <sup>múl</sup>AN <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI ''ez-zu''... "Mars, the wrathful Hirra ..." [RAcc 138, 153:308; Linssen 2004, 220:308].
* <sup>múl</sup>AN <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI ''ez-zu''... "Mars, the wrathful Girra ..." [RAcc 138, 153:308; Linssen 2004, 220:308].
* W. 22281a.
* W. 22281a.
** <sup>d</sup>BIL:GI ZALAG<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>''-ra'' "The brilliant (fiery) Hyrra before Enmesharra" [SpTU I, 95:10ʹ]; for full text see (Kurtik h12) [[ḪUN.GA2|<sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]].
** <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI ZALAG<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>''-ra'' "The brilliant (fiery) Girra before Enmesharra" [SpTU I, 95:10ʹ]; for full text see (Kurtik h12) [[ḪUN.GA2|<sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]].
* List K 7069:
* List K 7069:
** <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.R[A ...] / <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.RA[...] / MUL.MUL ''za-ap-pu'' [...] / <sup>mul</sup>BIL.GI IZI. GAR [...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>ŠUDUN M[UL...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' [...]
** <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.R[A ...] / <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.RA[...] / MUL.MUL ''za-ap-pu'' [...] / <sup>mul</sup>BIL.GI IZI. GAR [...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>ŠUDUN M[UL...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' [...]
** "Enmesharr[a...] / Enmesharra [...] / Stars, Stubble / Hirra, light [...] / Yarmo, Z[vedda...] / Kidney [...]" [CT 26, 49:4-9; Cooley 2013, 126]
** "Enmesharr[a...] / Enmesharra [...] / Stars, Stubble / Girra, light [...] / Yarmo, Z[vedda...] / Kidney [...]" [CT 26, 49:4-9; Cooley 2013, 126]
|
|
* Mars
* Mars
* double star cluster h+χ Per
* double star cluster h+χ Per
*double star cluster h+χ Per
*double star cluster h+χ Per
|}         For the identification of Hirra with the Heavenly Bull constellation see. [Cooley 2013, 126-129].
|}         For an identification of Girra with the Heavenly Bull constellation see. [Cooley 2013, 126-129].
==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"

Revision as of 14:16, 24 April 2025

Heading mulGIBIL6 (Girra)


The astral manifestation of the Sumero-Akkadian fire-god Girra. In Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night, Girra is an independent constellation, most likely double star cluster h and χ Per. [[need proof for this and/or drawing???]]. Later, Girra becomes identified with Mars because of its fiery red-orange color (see Horowitz 2020: 142-143) = 127.  Horowitz W., 2020, “Sky Blue, Red Heavens, and Orange Over Ancient Mesopotamia,’ Journal of Ancient Civilizations 35: 135-146.    

mulGIBIL6 is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, in fact

likely referring to the d

Dictionary

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var. readings:

  • 1) dBIL.GI, dNE.GI (GIBIL6); = dGIŠ.BAR; = dGirru, Sumero-Akkadian fire god, Girra.
  • 2) epithet of Mars, see also (Kurtik g13) GIŠ.BAR.
Sources Identifications
"Prayers to the Gods of the Night."

Old Babylonian prayer:

  • (a) Erm. 15642: na-wa-ru-um dBIL.GI "Brilliant Girra." [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:15], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306],
  • (b). AO 6769: nam-ru dBIL.GI "Brilliant Girra." [Dossin 1935, 181-182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60],
  • (c) CBS 574: šam-ru dGIB[IL6] "Fierce Gir[ra]" [Horowitz-Wasserman 1996, 58:13].
Seleucid temple ritual.
  • múlAN dBIL.GI ez-zu... "Mars, the wrathful Girra ..." [RAcc 138, 153:308; Linssen 2004, 220:308].
  • W. 22281a.
    • dBIL.GI ZALAG2 ša2 IGI dEn-me-šar2-ra "The brilliant (fiery) Girra before Enmesharra" [SpTU I, 95:10ʹ]; for full text see (Kurtik h12) lúḪUN.GA2.
  • List K 7069:
    • dEN.ME.ŠAR.R[A ...] / dEN.ME.ŠAR.RA[...] / MUL.MUL za-ap-pu [...] / mulBIL.GI IZI. GAR [...] / [m]ulŠUDUN M[UL...] / [m]ulka-li-tum [...]
    • "Enmesharr[a...] / Enmesharra [...] / Stars, Stubble / Girra, light [...] / Yarmo, Z[vedda...] / Kidney [...]" [CT 26, 49:4-9; Cooley 2013, 126]
  • Mars
  • double star cluster h+χ Per
  • double star cluster h+χ Per

         For an identification of Girra with the Heavenly Bull constellation see. [Cooley 2013, 126-129].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, g13) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: dBIL.GI, dNE.GI; = dGIŠ.BAR; = dGirru, бог огня Гирру/Гирра; 1) звезда или созвездие, 2) эпитет Марса, см. также g13GIŠ.BAR.

I. Источники.

«Молитвы ночным богам». Старовавилонская молитва: а) Erm. 15642: na-wa-ru-um dBIL:GI «Блестящий Гирра» [Horowitz 2000, 196–197:15], а также [Шилейко 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306], b). AO 6769: nam-ru dBIL:GI «Блестящий Гирра» [Dossin 1935, 181–182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60], c) CBS 574: šam-ru dGIB[IL6] «Свирепый Гир[ра]» [Horowitz–Wasserman 1996, 58:13]. Селевкидский храмовый ритуал. múlAN dBIL:GI ez-zu… «Марс, гневный Гирра …» [RAcc 138, 153:308; Linssen 2004, 220:308]. W. 22281a. dBIL:GI ZALAG2 ša2 IGI dEn-me-šar2-ra «Блестящий (огненный) Гирра перед Энмешаррой» [SpTU I, 95:10ʹ]; полный текст см. h12lúḪUN.GA2. Список K 7069: dEN.ME.ŠAR.R[A …] / dEN.ME.ŠAR.RA[…] / MUL.MUL za-ap-pu […] / mulBIL.GI IZI.GAR […] / [m]ulŠUDUN M[UL…] / [m]ulka-li-tum […] «Энмешарр[а …] / Энмешарра […] / Звезды, Щетина / Гирра, свет […] / Ярмо, З[везда…] / Почка […]» [CT 26, 49:4–9; Cooley 2013, 126]

Отождествление Гирры с созвездием Небесный Бык см. [Cooley 2013, 126–129].

Example

References

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