MAR.TU: Difference between revisions

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<sup>mul / d</sup>MAR.TU (𒀯𒈥𒌅) = Akkadian ''[[Amurru]],'' the asterism of the deity of this name in the constellation [[Perseus]]. The god Martu = Amurru is the titular god of the Amorites, as in the Sumerian literary work the Marriage of Martu<ref>Marriage of Martu, online at [https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr171.htm Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature] (ETCSL, University of Oxford, UK)</ref> which explains how the Amorite deity married into the Sumerian-Akkadian divine royal family, i.e. the Mesopotamian pantheon. The Amorites are western Semites who arrived in Mesopotamia from the west, the direction 'west' and west wind <sup>im</sup>MAR.TU = ''[[Amurru]]'', i.e. the Amorites are 'westerners' in Sumerian-Akkadian parlance. There is no evidence to suggest that this is in anyway connected to the sense of the star <sup>mul</sup>MAR.TU = ''[[Amurru]]'' as a more western/westerly star than any other in the sky. The sign TU can also be read DU<sub>2</sub>, with the divine name then read Mardu.
Sumerian designation "Western star", Akkadian ''[[Amurru]]''.

==Concordance, Etymology, History==
Var. reading:

* <sup>mul</sup>MAR.DU<sub>2</sub>;
* = <sup>mul</sup>''amurru'',
* Martu, Amurru"; a constellation or star in [[Perseus]] [G. 261].


==Dictionary==
Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>MAR.DU<sub>2</sub>; = <sup>mul</sup>amurru, "Asterism-West," "Asterism of Amurru"; a constellation or star in Perseus [G. 261].
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
|'''Lexical texts.'''
|'''Lexical texts.'''
Urra XXII series:
Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>mar.tu = a-mur<sup>!</sup>-t[a] A / a-mur-ru B [Emar VI/4, 151:176], <sup>[mul]</sup>mar.tu = a-mur-[ru] [MSL XI, 31, Section 10:11], <sup>mul</sup>mar.tu = [a]-mur-ru [Cavigneaux 1981, 79.B.1 / 5 iv 6], <sup>mul</sup>ma[r].t[u] = [...] [SpTU III, 114A v 26], <sup>mul</sup>mar.du<sub>2</sub> = a-mur-ru [Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 106:282ʹ]. ||Example

* <sup>mul</sup>mar.tu = ''a-mur''<sup>!</sup>-''t''[''a''] A / ''a-mur-ru'' B [Emar VI/4, 151:176],
* <sup>[mul]</sup>mar.tu = ''a-mur-''[''ru''] [MSL XI, 31, Section 10:11],
* <sup>mul</sup>mar.tu = [''a'']-''mur-ru'' [Cavigneaux 1981, 79.B.1 / 5 iv 6],
* <sup>mul</sup>ma[r].t[u] = [...] [SpTU III, 114A v 26],
* <sup>mul</sup>mar.du<sub>2</sub> = ''a-mur-ru'' [Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 106:282ʹ].
|Example
|-
|-
|'''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night.'''
|'''Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night.'''
<sup>mul</sup>MAR.TU [KUB IV, 47 r. 46; BPO 2, 2:17; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:46]. ||Example
* <sup>mul</sup>MAR.TU [KUB IV, 47 r. 46; BPO 2, 2:17; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:46].
|Example
|-
|-
|'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."'''
|'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."'''
Astrolabe B. List (12´3):
⚫
Astrolabe B. List (12´3): <sup>mul</sup>šu.gi / <sup>d</sup>En-me-šar<sub>2</sub>-ra <sup>d</sup>mar.tu "Old Man = Enmesharra = deity-West" (B ii 13-14), see also sh16[[ŠU.GI]].

⚫
* <sup>mul</sup>šu.gi / <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ra'' <sup>d</sup>mar.tu
* "Old Man = Enmesharra = Martu/Amurru" (B ii 13-14), see also (Kurtik sh16) [[ŠU.GI]].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''EAE.'''
|'''EAE.'''
DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MAR.TU (glossa: mu-lu a-mur-ru) MIN(= meš-ḫa im-šuḫ)... "If the Asterism-West emits mišḫu..." [ACh Suppl. 2, 64 ii 7-8], parallel [ibid., 63:11].
DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MAR.TU (glossa: ''mu-lu a-mur-ru'') MIN(= ''meš-ḫa im-šuḫ'')...

"If Martu/Amurru <s>Asterism</s>-West emits mišḫu..." [ACh Suppl. 2, 64 ii 7-8], parallel [ibid., 63:11].
|
|
|}
|}
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==References==
==References==
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]

[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Sumerian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Mesopotamian]] [[Category:Sumerian]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Eurasia]][[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:4work]]
[[Category:Constellation]]
[[Category:Per]]

Latest revision as of 10:56, 14 September 2025

mul / dMAR.TU (𒀯𒈥𒌅) = Akkadian Amurru, the asterism of the deity of this name in the constellation Perseus. The god Martu = Amurru is the titular god of the Amorites, as in the Sumerian literary work the Marriage of Martu[1] which explains how the Amorite deity married into the Sumerian-Akkadian divine royal family, i.e. the Mesopotamian pantheon. The Amorites are western Semites who arrived in Mesopotamia from the west, the direction 'west' and west wind imMAR.TU = Amurru, i.e. the Amorites are 'westerners' in Sumerian-Akkadian parlance. There is no evidence to suggest that this is in anyway connected to the sense of the star mulMAR.TU = Amurru as a more western/westerly star than any other in the sky. The sign TU can also be read DU2, with the divine name then read Mardu.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Var. reading:

  • mulMAR.DU2;
  • = mulamurru,
  • Martu, Amurru"; a constellation or star in Perseus [G. 261].

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.

Urra XXII series:

  • mulmar.tu = a-mur!-t[a] A / a-mur-ru B [Emar VI/4, 151:176],
  • [mul]mar.tu = a-mur-[ru] [MSL XI, 31, Section 10:11],
  • mulmar.tu = [a]-mur-ru [Cavigneaux 1981, 79.B.1 / 5 iv 6],
  • mulma[r].t[u] = [...] [SpTU III, 114A v 26],
  • mulmar.du2 = a-mur-ru [Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 106:282ʹ].
 Example
Hittite Prayer to the Gods of the Night.
  • mulMAR.TU [KUB IV, 47 r. 46; BPO 2, 2:17; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:46].
 Example
"Three Stars Each (Astroabes)."

Astrolabe B. List (12´3):

  • mulšu.gi / dEn-me-šar2-ra dmar.tu
  • "Old Man = Enmesharra = Martu/Amurru" (B ii 13-14), see also (Kurtik sh16) ŠU.GI.
EAE.

DIŠ mulMAR.TU (glossa: mu-lu a-mur-ru) MIN(= meš-ḫa im-šuḫ)...

"If Martu/Amurru Asterism-West emits mišḫu..." [ACh Suppl. 2, 64 ii 7-8], parallel [ibid., 63:11].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, m10) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulMAR.DU2; = mulamurru, «Звезда-Запад», «Звезда Амурру»; созвездие или звезда в Персее (Perseus) [G. 261]. Example
I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. Серия Urra XXII: mulmar.tu = a-mur!-t[a] A / a-mur-ru B [Emar VI/4, 151:176], [mul]mar.tu = a-mur-[ru] [MSL XI, 31, Section 10:11], mulmar.tu = [a]-mur-ru [Cavigneaux 1981, 79.B.1 / 5 iv 6], mulma[r].t[u] = […] [SpTU III, 114A v 26], mulmar.du2 = a-mur-ru [Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 106:282ʹ]. Хеттская молитва ночным богам. mulMAR.TU [KUB IV, 47 r. 46; BPO 2, 2:17; Van der Toorn 1985, 130:46]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe B. Cписок (12´3): mulšu.gi / dEn-me-šar2-ra dmar.tu «Старик = Энмешарра = божество-Запад» (B ii 13–14), см. также sh16ŠU.GI. EAE. DIŠ mulMAR.TU (глосса: mu-lu a-mur-ru) MIN(= meš-ḫa im-šuḫ)… «Если Звезда-Запад испустила mišḫu…» [ACh Suppl. 2, 64 ii 7–8], параллель [ibid., 63:11].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Marriage of Martu, online at Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL, University of Oxford, UK)
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