KUR2.RA: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA}}
<sup>mul lú</sup>GI.GI is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
==Dictionary==
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=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
[G. 88, 230], the name of Saturn and Libra.
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{| class="wikitable"
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!Sources
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!Identifications
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|'''Lexic. texts.'''
(1) Series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu "Star gi.gi = Star of truth and justice = Saturn, Shamash" [MSL XI, 40:39], later parallel: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> ...] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) mulgi.[gi...] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; according to Koch's interpretation, text K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI...] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] "Star GI.GI = Star of truth and justice = Dark star = Star of Libra" [Koch 1989, 60-61]. Planisphere K. 8538. In sector 6 the inscription: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ and the figure of Libra(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Kurtik 2007, fig. 9].
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<sup>mul lú</sup>KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA (𒀯𒇽𒉽𒊏) is a Sumerian name for Mars with two Akkadian equivalents given in the source material: ''nakru'', ''nakaru'' "Enemy, Stranger, Alien-star"; ''šanûmma,'' "Strange, Evil-star." Note kur<sub>2</sub> = both ''nakru'' and ''šanûmma'' in the sign-list Proto-Aa (CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> Š/1 397).
=== Additional ===
== Concordance, Etymology, History==
         '''II. Identification.'''
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===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===


* = ''nakru'', ''nakaru'' "Enemy, Stranger, Alien";
         (1) = Saturn;
* = ''šanûmma'' "Strange, Inimical, Evil-star,"
* <sup>d</sup>''Šanûmma'' (𒀭𒃻𒉡𒌝𒈠) is the Akkadian equivalent   


A Sumerian name for Mars with both Akkadian equivalents in lexical lists, the Great Star List [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 245; Reynolds 1998<ref>Reynolds</ref>: 350].
         (2) = constellation Librae = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, according to [Koch 1989, 79].


For ''nakaru'' see the example from Enuma Anu Enlil below.
         '''III. Astrology.'''


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{| class="wikitable"
         (1) The Star of Truth has weakened; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu [...] "If the Star of Truth weakens: the country, of mercy and peace [...]" [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
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!Sources
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!Identifications
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| '''Lexical texts.'''
Series Ḫg. B VI:


*(a) <sup>mul lú</sup>KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA = ''n'''<nowiki/>'''a-kar'' = MIN (= <sup>d</sup>''ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu'']) "Enemy = enemy = Mars",
         (2) The Star of Truth approaches the Crown of Anu; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma "[If the Star of Truth] approaches the Crown of Anu, (this means): Saturn appears in the middle of the Celestial Bull." [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
*(b) <sup>mul lú</sup>KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA = ''ša''<sub>2</sub>-''nu-um-ma'' = MIN "Stranger = other (alien) = Mars" [Urgud, MSL XI<ref>''Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon''. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = ''hubullu.'' Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.</ref>, 40:34-35], for a parallel see. [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 116 Rs. iii 4].
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|'''EAE.'''
*DIŠ UD GUB.BA-''šu''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''Na-ka-ru'' DU BALA NAM.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ "If an enemy stands in its (the True Shepherd of Anu's) place: the kingship (will be passed on to) the enemies" [BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, XVIII 13].
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|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia".'''
*(1) List of the names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>[''n'']''a-ka-ru'' = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'');
*(2) 7 names of Mars (7 ''zik-ri-šu''): <sup>ul</sup>''na-ka-ru'' [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:90, 237].
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== Historical Dictionaries ==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, k29)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
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| [G. 88, 230], название Сатурна и Весов.
|= nakru, nakaru «Враг», «Чужой»; название Марса [G. 245; Reynolds 1998; AHw, 718b].
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-tu<sub>2</sub> u me-šar = <sup>d</sup>sag.uš <sup>d</sup>utu «Звезда gi.gi = Звезда правды и справедливости = Сатурн, Шамаш» [MSL XI, 40:39],  поздняя параллель: <sup>mul</sup>gi.gi = mul kit-[tu<sub>2</sub> …] [SpTU III, 116: Rs. iii 8]. (2) <sup>mul</sup>gi.[gi…] [CT 26, 50, K.12619 ii 4]; согласно интерпретации Коха, текст K.12619 ii 4-6: <sup>mul</sup>GI-[GI…] / kakkab kit-ti [u mi-ša-ri] / MUL MI <sup>mu</sup>[<sup>l</sup>zi-ba-an-na] «Звезда GI.GI = Звезда правды и справедливости = Темная звезда = Звезда Весы» [Koch 1989, 60–61]. Планисферa K. 8538. В секторе 6 надпись: ˹<sup>mul</sup>GI-GI˺ и изображение фигуры Весов(?) [Koch 1989, 59; Куртик 2007, рис. 9].
Лексич. тексты. Серия Ḫg. B VI:  a) <sup>mul lú</sup>KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA = na-kar = MIN (= <sup>d</sup>ṣal-[bat-a-nu]) «Враг = враг = Марс», b) <sup>mul lú</sup>KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA = ša<sub>2</sub>-nu-um-ma = MIN «Чужак = другой (чужой) = Марс» [MSL XI, 40:34–35], параллель см. [SpTU III, 116 Rs. iii 4]. EAE. DIŠ UD GUB.BA-šu<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>Na-ka-ru DU BALA NAM.KUR<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ «Если на его (Праведного Пастуха Ану) месте Враг стоит: царствование (перейдет к) врагам» [BPO 2, XVIII 13]. «Большой список звезд». (1) Список имен Марса: <sup>mul</sup>[n]a-ka-ru = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ri-šu): <sup>ul</sup>na-ka-ru [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:90, 237].
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|Example

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II. Отождествление.
!Kurtik (2022, n04)

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(1)  = Сатурн;
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(2)  = созвездие Весы = β(γ)λα2ισ Librae + 381G. Centauri, согласно [Koch 1989, 79].
===<sup>mul</sup>''Nakaru''===

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III. Астрология.
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|аккадская параллель к <sup>mul lú</sup>KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA «Враг, Чужой»; эпитет Марса, в лексических и астрологических текстах [G. 293], см. k29<sup>lú</sup>KUR<sub>2</sub>.RA.
(1) Звезда Правды ослабела; DIŠ MUL ki-tu<sub>4</sub> ŠER<sub>2</sub>.ŠER<sub>2</sub> KUR ARḪUŠ u SILIM-mu […] «Если Звезда Правды ослабела: странa милосердие и мир […]» [ACh Ištar, 25:26].
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(2) Звезда Правды приближается к Короне Ану; [DIŠ MUL ki-t]u<sub>4</sub> a-na <sup>mul</sup>AGA.AN.NA TE <sup>d</sup>SAG.UŠ ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GU<sub>4</sub>.AN.NA KUR-ma «[Если Звезда Прав]ды к Короне Ану приближается, (это означает): Сатурн в середине Небесного Быка появляется» [ACh Ištar, 30:20].
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| Example
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== References ==
==References ==
* [[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]


[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
[[Category:Mesopotamian]]
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[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Planet]]
[[Category:Mars]]

Latest revision as of 16:05, 11 September 2025


mul lúKUR2.RA (𒀯𒇽𒉽𒊏) is a Sumerian name for Mars with two Akkadian equivalents given in the source material: nakru, nakaru "Enemy, Stranger, Alien-star"; šanûmma, "Strange, Evil-star." Note kur2 = both nakru and šanûmma in the sign-list Proto-Aa (CAD[1] Š/1 397).

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

  • = nakru, nakaru "Enemy, Stranger, Alien";
  • = šanûmma "Strange, Inimical, Evil-star,"
  • dŠanûmma (𒀭𒃻𒉡𒌝𒈠) is the Akkadian equivalent   

A Sumerian name for Mars with both Akkadian equivalents in lexical lists, the Great Star List [Gössmann[2] 245; Reynolds 1998[3]: 350].

For nakaru see the example from Enuma Anu Enlil below.

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.

Series Ḫg. B VI:

  • (a) mul lúKUR2.RA = na-kar = MIN (= dṣal-[bat-a-nu]) "Enemy = enemy = Mars",
  • (b) mul lúKUR2.RA = ša2-nu-um-ma = MIN "Stranger = other (alien) = Mars" [Urgud, MSL XI[4], 40:34-35], for a parallel see. [SpTU III[5], 116 Rs. iii 4].
EAE.
  • DIŠ UD GUB.BA-šu2 mulNa-ka-ru DU BALA NAM.KUR2.MEŠ "If an enemy stands in its (the True Shepherd of Anu's) place: the kingship (will be passed on to) the enemies" [BPO 2[6], XVIII 13].
"Great Star List and Miscellenia".
  • (1) List of the names of Mars: mul[n]a-ka-ru = dmin(=dṣal-bat-a-nu);
  • (2) 7 names of Mars (7 zik-ri-šu): ulna-ka-ru [Mesop.Astrol.[7], App. B:90, 237].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, k29) Gössmann (1950)
= nakru, nakaru «Враг», «Чужой»; название Марса [G. 245; Reynolds 1998; AHw, 718b].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. Серия Ḫg. B VI:  a) mul lúKUR2.RA = na-kar = MIN (= dṣal-[bat-a-nu]) «Враг = враг = Марс», b) mul lúKUR2.RA = ša2-nu-um-ma = MIN «Чужак = другой (чужой) = Марс» [MSL XI, 40:34–35], параллель см. [SpTU III, 116 Rs. iii 4]. EAE. DIŠ UD GUB.BA-šu2 mulNa-ka-ru DU BALA NAM.KUR2.MEŠ «Если на его (Праведного Пастуха Ану) месте Враг стоит: царствование (перейдет к) врагам» [BPO 2, XVIII 13]. «Большой список звезд». (1) Список имен Марса: mul[n]a-ka-ru = dmin(=dṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ri-šu): ulna-ka-ru [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:90, 237].

Example
Kurtik (2022, n04)

mulNakaru
аккадская параллель к mul lúKUR2.RA «Враг, Чужой»; эпитет Марса, в лексических и астрологических текстах [G. 293], см. k29lúKUR2.RA.

References

  1. ↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
  2. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ Reynolds
  4. ↑ Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon. Vol. XI. The Series HAR-ra = hubullu. Tablets XX-XXIV. Ed. by E.Reiner with the coll. of M.Civil. Roma, 1974.
  5. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  6. ↑ Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  7. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
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