ERU (Goddess): Difference between revisions

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{{distinguish|TE8.mušen}}
{{distinguish|TE8.mušen}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:ERU, ''Erua''}}
[[File:Papke Erua.jpg|alt=detail from drawing|thumb|Erua drawn in Papke (1989)]]E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> (Sumerian writing) equaling the Akkadian ''Erua'' is a goddess of the ancient Babylonian pantheon. see (Kurtik a02) <sup>mul / d</sup>A.EDIN (Gössmann 441).
[[File:Papke Erua.jpg|alt=detail from drawing|thumb|Erua drawn in Papke (1989)]]E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> (Sumerian writing) equaling the Akkadian ''Erua;'' She is a goddess of the ancient Babylonian pantheon. See (Kurtik a02) [[A.EDIN|<sup>mul / d</sup>A.EDIN]] (Gössmann 441).

''22 ERU (Goddess) - or do we want to use Erua like everyone else???''

''  Three Stars Each - PE4 to be corrected in NV 10 intercalation scheme''

''       what is Borozda???– Shupa –> Šu...  — isn’t NV 10 to be in its own category??? - no***''

''  MUL.APIN''

''       (3) C for š — E4 > E4 —''

''  List of zipqu-stars''

''       (2) no italics with d in dZER ...''

''  Culminations of ziqpu-stars''

''       (b) what is P10R''

''  Anaphora''

''       why is KAR 142 in Anaphora???''

''       (1) Late astrology mul2 not in italics — later u2 not in italics etc.  ''

''       (2)   . . . he will hav[e?] sons''

''       (3)    what is U.197''

''       II Deity - again C = š  - and further down in Deity prayers and rituals -''

''  III Symbol:  mis pi or mes pi — ša2 without 2 in italics''

''  V Astrology - read together - all kinds of problems with italics etc.''
==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
===Krebernik (2023)===
===Krebernik (2023)===


'''Erua.''' First attested as an “advisor” of Enki/Ea’s wife Damgalnunna, later identified with Zarpānītu(m). ''sis-sin-nu'' <sup>d</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> “date-palm spadix” (kind of jewellery?) (of?) Erua (EN 12r).
'''Erua.''' First attested as an “advisor” of Enki/Ea’s wife Damgalnunna, later identified with Zarpānītu(m). ''sis-sin-nu'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub> “date-palm spadix” (kind of jewellery?) (of?) Erua (EN 12r).


'''sissinnu'''. “spadix of the date palm”: see Erua (goddess).
'''sissinnu'''. “spadix of the date palm”: see Erua (goddess).


===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
Variant readings:
Variant readings: <sup>mul</sup>ERU<sub>3</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>ERU<sub>4</sub>; <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub>; = <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>Eru(a), Erūsa "Erua", "Branch"<u>.</u>

* <sup>mul</sup>ERU<sub>3</sub>,
* <sup>mul</sup>ERU<sub>4</sub>;
* <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub>;
* = <sup>mul</sup>''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub>,
* <sup>mul</sup>''Eru''(''a''), ''Erūsa'' "Erua", "Branch"<u>.</u>


*1) a constellation approximately corresponding to the Hair of Berenice (lat. from Greek Berenice; IAU-name Coma Berenices),
*1) a constellation approximately corresponding to the Hair of Berenice (lat. from Greek Berenice; IAU-name Coma Berenices),
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|'''Three Stars Each'''
|'''Three Stars Each'''
''Text Nv. 10.''
''Text Nv. 10.''
*Intercalation scheme:
*Intercalation scheme: [ina itigan ki.min <sup>m</sup>]<sup>ul</sup>PE<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>R // 4 šu-ut <sup>d</sup>En-l[il<sub>2</sub>] / [<sup>mul</sup>ab.]sin<sub>2</sub> // 3 šu-ut <sup>d</sup>A-ni[m] / [ ...] u <sup>mul</sup>Pšu.pRa // 2 ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-PaR / [GIŠ ... mu]lAN.TA.GUB.BA // 1 ''šu-qa''<sub>2</sub> sim.PmaCR "[In the month of kislimo respectively:] Erua, 4, (asterism on the way) of Enlil, / [Bor]ozda, 3, (asterism on the way) An[u], / [...] and Shupa, 2, (asterism on the way) Ea, / [measuring instrument]: (from) the standing-upstraight asterism, 1, (to) the height of Swallow" (Obv. 5'-8') [Donbaz-Koch 64-65, 69].
*'''[''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>gan ki.min <sup>m</sup>]<sup>ul</sup>PE<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub> // 4 ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''En''-''l''[''il''<sub>2</sub>] / [<sup>mul</sup>ab.]sin<sub>2</sub> // 3 ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>''A-ni''[''m''] / [...] ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>Pšu.pRa // 2 ''šu-ut'' <sup>d</sup>E<sub>2</sub>-PaR / [GIŠ ... <sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>AN.TA.GUB.BA // 1 ''šu-qa''<sub>2</sub> sim.PmaCR'''
*"[In the month of Kislimu respectively:] Erua, 4 (asterism on the way) of Enlil, / [Bar]ley Stalk, 3 (asterism on the way) An[u], / [...] and Šupa, 2 (asterism on the way) Ea, / [measuring instrument]: (from) the standing-upstraight asterism, 1, (to) the height of Swallow"
*(Obv. 5'-8') [Donbaz-Koch 64-65, 69].
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|'''MUL.APIN.'''
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
*(1) List Asterisms of Enlil (no. 11): ''sis-sin-nu'' <sup>d</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>Zar-pa-ni-tum "Branch (of a date palm) Erua, Zarpanitum" (I i 11).***
*(1) List Asterisms of Enlil (no. 11): ''sis-sin-nu'' <sup>d</sup>''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Zar-pa-ni-tum'' "Branch (of a date palm) Erua, Zarpanitum" (I i 11).***


*(2) The list of ziqpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>, between <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA and <sup>mul</sup>De<sub>2</sub>-gal<sub>2</sub>-la-a-a (I iv 6).
*(2) The list of ziqpu-stars: <sup>mul</sup>''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub>, between <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA and <sup>mul</sup>''De''<sub>2</sub>-''gal''<sub>2</sub>''-la-a-a'' (I iv 6).


*(3) Culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings:
*(3) Culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings: ina <sup>iti</sup>APIN UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN''-e'' IGI''-it'' GABA-''ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub> KUR''-Ca'' "On the 15th arahsamnu the constellation Erua stands in the middle of the sky opposite your chests, and the Goat constellation rises" (I iv 26) [MA 21, 59, 65], see also [Horowitz 1989-90 117, BM 73815: 6']. ''List of asterisms V'' R 46, 1:46. <sup>mul</sup>E4-ru6 = ''ba-na-at ri-Cu-tu<sub>4</sub>'' “Erua = creative seed”, see also [HBA 52:46].
**''ina'' <sup>iti</sup>APIN UD 15 KAM <sup>mul</sup>''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub> ''ina'' MURUB<sub>4</sub> AN''-e'' IGI''-it'' GABA-''ka'' GUB-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub> KUR''-ša''
**"On the 15th arahsamnu the constellation Erua stands in the middle of the sky opposite your chests, and the Goat constellation rises" (I iv 26) [MA 21, 59, 65], see also [Horowitz 1989-90 117, BM 73815: 6'].
|a piece of a date palm
|a piece of a date palm
[[File:Eruas asterism.jpg|alt=star chart with painted asterism|thumb|Erua's Date Palm Spadix, painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2021, reference paper 2022).]]
[[File:Eruas asterism.jpg|alt=star chart with painted asterism|thumb|Erua's Date Palm Spadix, painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2021, reference paper 2022).]]
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|'''List of asterisms V R 46, 1:46.'''
* <sup>mul</sup>''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub> = ''ba-na-at ri-šu-tu''<sub>4</sub>
* “Erua = creative seed”, see also [HBA 52:46].
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|'''Lists of ''ziqpu'' stars.'''
|'''Lists of ''ziqpu'' stars.'''
*(1) AO 6478:
*(1) AO 6478:
**(a) 1⅔ MA.NA MIN(''=šuqultu'') | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN(=''ina qaqqari'') | 18 IGI DANNA i-na KI.MIN(=''ina šamê'') / TA <sup>mul</sup>DILI ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> | EN <sup>mul</sup>A. EDIN "weight of 1⅔ mini, 10<sup>0</sup> on earth, 18,000 miles in the sky / Separated from the tail (Lion) to the Branch",
**(a) 1⅔ MA.NA MIN(''=šuqultu'') | 10 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN(=''ina qaqqari'') | 18 IGI DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN(=''ina šamê'') / TA <sup>mul</sup>DILI ''ša<sub>2</sub>'' KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> | EN <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN "weight of 1⅔ mini, 10° on earth, 18,000 miles in the sky / Separated from the tail (Lion) to the Branch",
**(b) 4 MA. NA 10 GIN<sub>2</sub> MIN | ⅔ DANNA 5 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 45 IGI DANNA ''ina'' KI.MIN / TA <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN | EN <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.ANŠE "weight of 4 mini and 10 shekels, 25<sup>0</sup> on earth, 45000 miles in the sky / From the Branch to the Harness" [Thureau-Dangin 1913 217:19-22; TU, 21 r. 19-22; HBA 133; Schaumberger 1952 228-229].
**(b) 4 MA.NA 10 GIN<sub>2</sub> MIN | ⅔ DANNA 5 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 45 IGI DANNA ''ina'' KI.MIN / TA <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN | EN <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.ANŠE "weight of 4 mini and 10 shekels, 25° on earth, 45000 miles in the sky / From the Branch to the Harness" [Thureau-Dangin 1913 217:19-22; TU, 21 r. 19-22; HBA 133; Schaumberger 1952 228-229].


*(2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ ''a-na mul <sup>d</sup>Ze[r-pa-ni-tu''] "10<sup>0</sup> to (stars of) Ze[rpanitu]" [Schaumberger 1952 225:19].
*(2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ ''a-na mul'' <sup>d</sup>''Ze[r-pa-ni-tu''] "10° to (stars of) Ze[rpanitu]" [Schaumberger 1952 225:19].


*(3) VAT 16436: A.EDIN // 6 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "Erua // 6 (stars) // 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952 226-227:16].
*(3) VAT 16436: A.EDIN // 6 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "Erua // 6 (stars) // 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952 226-227:16].


*(4) Sippar Planisphere:
*(4) Sippar Planisphere:
**a) [10 UŠ] ana <sup>mul</sup>e<sub>4</sub>-Pru<sub>6</sub>R "[100] to Erua" (rev. 24),
**a) [10 UŠ] ''ana'' <sup>mul</sup>''e''<sub>4</sub>-P''ru''<sub>6</sub>R "[100] to Erua" (rev. 24),
**b) <sup>mul</sup>e<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>, diagram: 1 point and next to 6 points forming a circle (obv., Segment 4) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 172-173:24, 176-178].
**b) <sup>mul</sup>''e''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub>, diagram: 1 point and next to 6 points forming a circle (obv., Segment 4) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 172-173:24, 176-178].
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(1) LBAT 1502.
(1) LBAT 1502.


*(a) [...MUL<sub>2</sub> [...MUL<sub>2</sub>AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA | E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> ana ziq-pi "[...asterism AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA. Erua culminates [...]",
*(a) [...MUL<sub>2</sub> [...MUL<sub>2</sub>AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA | ''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub> ''ana ziq-pi'' "[...asterism AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA. Erua culminates [...]",


*(b) [...MU]L<sub>2</sub>.NUN<sup>ki</sup> MUL.AN.TA.GUB.BA | ½ DANNA ar<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> ''ana ziq-pi'' P10R "The asterism of Eridu is the asterism of Antagubba. (Point) ½ mile (15°) culminated behind Erua. 10" [Donbaz-Koch 76: obv. i 5'-6', ii 4'-5'].
*(b) [...MU]L<sub>2</sub>.NUN<sup>ki</sup> MUL.AN.TA.GUB.BA | ½ DANNA ar<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> ''ana ziq-pi'' P10R "The asterism of Eridu is the asterism of Antagubba. (Point) ½ mile (15°) culminated behind Erua. 10" [Donbaz-Koch 76: obv. i 5'-6', ii 4'-5'].
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|'''Anaphora.'''
|'''Anaphora.'''
*А 3427: A.EDIN is used as a ''ziqpu-''star in determining the time of the rising sun of the twelfth part of the zodiac sign Sagittarius [Schaumberger 1955 238:21-25]. The list of the "6 palace women". <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.[da] / <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.an.na / <sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> <sup>d</sup>A-a / <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a / 6 <sup>d</sup>mi<sub>2</sub>.ša<sub>3</sub>.gal.meš "Erua, Wagon, Wagon of Anu, Sheep of Aya, Goat, asterism of Dignity : 6 «palace women»'" [KAR, 142 iv 4-8].
*А 3427: A.EDIN is used as a ''ziqpu-''star in determining the time of the rising sun of the twelfth part of the zodiac sign Sagittarius [Schaumberger 1955 238:21-25]. The list of the "6 palace women". <sup>mul</sup>''E''<sub>4</sub>-''ru''<sub>6</sub> <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.[da] / <sup>mul</sup>mar.gid<sub>2</sub>.da.an.na / <sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> <sup>d</sup>''A-a'' / <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>bal.teš<sub>2</sub>.a / 6 <sup>d</sup>mi<sub>2</sub>.ša<sub>3</sub>.gal.meš "Erua, Wagon, Wagon of Anu, Sheep of Aya, Goat, asterism of Dignity: 6 «palace women»'" [KAR, 142 iv 4-8].
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|'''GU-text.'''
|'''GU-text.'''
*(K), (L) ''<sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>'' (''ziqpu'' XXV: g Com), see (Kurtik a06) [[AB.SIN|AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>]], (Kurtik d11) DINGIR.KU.A.MEŠ.
*(K), (L) ''<sup>mul</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>'' (''ziqpu'' XXV: g Com), see (Kurtik a06) [[AB.SIN|AB.SIN<sub>2</sub>]], (Kurtik d11) [[DINGIR.KU.A|DINGIR.KU.A.MEŠ]].
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|'''Late astrology.'''
|'''Late astrology.'''
*(1) Predictions of lunar eclipses from the culminations of the stars and the position of the Sun relative to the constellations. ''ki-i'' ''<sup>múl</sup>'' E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> ''a-na ziq-pi izzazu''(GUB)''<sup>zu</sup>''-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>Sîn(30) ''attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) [''u<sub>2</sub>-ša]r-ru-[u<sub>2</sub>''] / E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> KI<sup>didli</sup> <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL / ''a-di-i <sup>d</sup>Šamaš''(UTU) KI''<sup>didli</sup> ikaššad''(KUR''-ad<sub>2</sub>'') ''pi-šer<sub>3</sub>-ša<sub>2</sub> attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u<sub>2</sub>-šar-ra-a'' "If Erua culminates and a lunar eclipse should begin / Erua, Furrow, Shullat and Hanish / As long as the Sun has not reached the Furrow. Its meaning: there will be no eclipse" (W 22554/2) [SpTU III, 102:12-14].
*(1) Predictions of lunar eclipses from the culminations of the stars and the position of the Sun relative to the constellations. ''ki-i'' <sup>múl</sup>E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> ''a-na ziq-pi izzazu''(GUB)<sup>zu</sup>-''ma'' <sup>d</sup>Sîn(30) ''attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) [''u<sub>2</sub>-ša]r-ru-[u<sub>2</sub>''] / E<sub>4</sub>.RU<sub>6</sub> KI<sup>didli</sup> <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL / ''a-di-i <sup>d</sup>Šamaš''(UTU) KI<sup>didli</sup> ''ikaššad''(KUR''-ad<sub>2</sub>'') ''pi-šer<sub>3</sub>-ša<sub>2</sub> attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''ul u<sub>2</sub>-šar-ra-a'' "If Erua culminates and a lunar eclipse should begin / Erua, Furrow, Shullat and Hanish / As long as the Sun has not reached the Furrow. Its meaning: there will be no eclipse" (W 22554/2) [SpTU III, 102:12-14].
*(2) W 23313/3: DIŠ KI <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN U<sub>3</sub>.TU DUMU<sup>meš</sup> TU[K?...] "If it, when Erua (culminates?), is born: he will have sons" [SpTU V, 265: 8'].
*(2) W 23313/3: DIŠ KI <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN U<sub>3</sub>.TU DUMU<sup>meš</sup> TU[K?...] "If it, when Erua (culminates?), is born: he will hav[e?] sons" [SpTU V, 265: 8'].
*(3) Predicting ''izbu'', see (Kurtik u17) [[UR.A]]. See also: ''e-ri'' [...] (U.197 obv. 3') [Sachs 1952 74], <sup>d</sup>GAŠAN.EDIN "Lady Erua" (?) [Hunger 1975 41: rev. 4].   
*(3) Predicting ''izbu'', see (Kurtik u17) [[UR.A]]. See also: ''e-ri'' [...] (U.197 obv. 3') [Sachs 1952 74], <sup>d</sup>GAŠAN.EDIN "Lady Erua" (?) [Hunger 1975 41: rev. 4].   
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===II. Deity.===
===II. Deity.===
'''          ''' Erua is the goddess of pregnancy [Tallqvist 286], her standard epithet is ''ba-nat2 ri-Cu-tu2'' , lit. "she who creates the seed”; as such was she addressed during the Babylonian New Years festivities [RAcc. 139: 331], see also [CAD R 343a].
'''          ''' Erua is the goddess of pregnancy [Tallqvist 286], her standard epithet is ''ba-nat<sub>2</sub> ri- šu-tu<sub>2</sub>'' , lit. "she who creates the seed”; as such was she addressed during the Babylonian New Years festivities [RAcc. 139: 331], see also [CAD R 343a].


Analogous meaning was given to the name of the goddess ''Za/erbanītum'' (from ''zēru'' “seed” and ''banû'' “to create, to build”), from whom Erua was identified with.
'''          ''' Analogous meaning was given to the name of the goddess ''Za/erbanītum'' (from ''zēru'' “seed” and ''banû'' “to create, to build”), from whom Erua was identified with.


''Prayers and Rituals.''
'''          ''' ''Prayers and Rituals.''


*(1) Ritual performed at night to obtain a favorable omen in a dream: A.MEŠ KU<sub>3</sub>.MEŠ ''ana'' IGI <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GI[D2.D]A 3''-šu<sub>2</sub> ana'' IGI <sup>d</sup>''E-ru-u''<sub>2</sub>''-[a] 3-šu<sub>2</sub> til-liC'' ZID<sub>2</sub>.MAD.GA<sub>2</sub> ŠUB''-uk'' "Consecrate the waters before the constellation of the Chariot three times (and) in front of the goddess Erua, sprinkle the water three times, and the flour four times."
*(1) Ritual performed at night to obtain a favorable omen in a dream: A.MEŠ KU<sub>3</sub>.MEŠ ''ana'' IGI <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GI[D2.D]A 3''-šu<sub>2</sub> ana'' IGI <sup>d</sup>''E-ru-u''<sub>2</sub>''-[a] 3-šu<sub>2</sub> til-liš'' ZID<sub>2</sub>.MAD.GA<sub>2</sub> ŠUB''-uk'' "Consecrate the waters before the constellation of the Chariot three times (and) in front of the goddess Erua, sprinkle the water three times, and the flour four times."
*(2) Ritual of the "washing of the mouth" (''mīs pî'') or the "revitalizing” of the divine-statues. see (z10) ''Zibānītu'', II.
*(2) Ritual of the "washing of the mouth" (''mīs pî'') or the "revitalizing” of the divine-statues. see (z10) ''[[Zibānītum|Zibānītu]]'', II.


===III. Symbol. ===
===III. Symbol. ===
         Description of the constellations in Neo-Assyrian texts: <sup>mul</sup>''E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> ral-m[u lu-bu-uš-tu]m kur-ku-ra'' GAR-''in'' / 1 MUL ''ina'' SAG''-šu<sub>2</sub> e-[rir qin-na-za ina'' Š]U ZAG-''šu<sub>2</sub> na-ši dir-rat qin-na-zi-šu<sub>2</sub> / ina'' UGU KUN <sup>mul</sup>UR. GU.LA [LA<sub>2</sub>-''a]t<sub>2</sub> ina'' ŠU GUB<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> MUL ''na-ši'' "Constellation of Erua: figure[s] in garment]s; on it kurkurra. / 1 star is de[picted] as being on her head, with her right hand she holds a [whip]; the strap of her whip [extend]s up to the tail of the Lion; with her left hand she [carri]es a star. [Weidner 1927 75-77, VAT 9428 r.1-3]. In the same text (r. 5) there is mention of ''šašallu ša2'' mul[E4-r]u6 "Hind/back/spine of Erua." [Weidner 1927 75].
         Description of the constellations in Neo-Assyrian texts: <sup>mul</sup>''E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub> ral-m[u lu-bu-uš-tu]m kur-ku-ra'' GAR-''in'' / 1 MUL ''ina'' SAG''-šu<sub>2</sub> e-[rir qin-na-za ina'' Š]U ZAG-''šu<sub>2</sub> na-ši dir-rat qin-na-zi-šu<sub>2</sub> / ina'' UGU KUN <sup>mul</sup>UR. GU.LA [LA<sub>2</sub>-''a]t<sub>2</sub> ina'' ŠU GUB<sub>3</sub>''-ša''<sub>2</sub> MUL ''na-ši'' "Constellation of Erua: figure[s] in garment]s; on it kurkurra. / 1 star is de[picted] as being on her head, with her right hand she holds a [whip]; the strap of her whip [extend]s up to the tail of the Lion; with her left hand she [carri]es a star. [Weidner 1927 75-77, VAT 9428 r.1-3]. In the same text (r. 5) there is mention of ''šašallu ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>[E<sub>4</sub>-r]u<sub>6</sub> "Hind/back/spine of Erua." [Weidner 1927 75].


In the Seleucid texts we find: ''sis-sin-nu ina'' ŠUII 15-ša<sub>7</sub>? "a branch in her right hand (she holds)." [LBAT, 1510:11]; "the branch of a date palm", according to [MA 125], see also [CAD S 326]. Features of the constellations were thought of differently - depending on varying epochs and in differing traditions– with the date branch being the only integral part of it.
'''          ''' In the Seleucid texts we find: ''sis-sin-nu ina'' ŠUII 15-''ša''<sub>7</sub>? "a branch in her right hand (she holds)." [LBAT, 1510:11]; "the branch of a date palm", according to [MA 125], see also [CAD S 326]. Features of the constellations were thought of differently - depending on varying epochs and in differing traditions– with the date branch being the only integral part of it.


===V. Astrology.===
===V. Astrology.===
       Identifications and predictions:
       ''Identifications and predictions:''


*(1) = Venus;
*(1) = Venus;
Line 135: Line 118:
**(c) Planet (=Mars) and Erua (=Venus); see. a15ACû, II 1.
**(c) Planet (=Mars) and Erua (=Venus); see. a15ACû, II 1.


*(2) = Saturn;
*(2) = Saturn; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN MUL.MUL KUR KU<sub>2</sub>''-ti'' <sup>d</sup>IMIN.BI <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ <sup>d</sup>''Zap-pa'' KUR''-ma'' "If Erua reaches the Star Cluster: the eating of the Seven Gods (will take place); (this means:) Saturn has drawn closer to the Pleiades<nowiki>''</nowiki> [ACh Suppl. 2, 75:3; Bezold 1920 115, Anm. 2]; DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>A.EDIN ''ina(<sup>?</sup> ana<sup>??</sup>) ulug<sub>5</sub>.ga kur-ud še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> sig<sub>5</sub>'' : ''<sup>ul</sup>udu.idim.sag.uš <sup>ul</sup>Za-ap-pa kur-[ud] [xxxxx]'' "If Erua reaches the Crow/Raven: the sesame will be good; (this means:) Saturn has drawn closer to the Pleiades'" [Borger 1973 41:20′], see also [ACh Suppl., 50:8; Suppl. 2, 68:18].
**DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>A.EDIN MUL.MUL KUR KU<sub>2</sub>''-ti'' <sup>d</sup>IMIN.BI <sup>d</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ <sup>d</sup>''Zap-pa'' KUR''-ma''
***"If Erua reaches the Star Cluster: the eating of the Seven Gods (will take place); (this means:) Saturn has drawn closer to the Pleiades<nowiki>''</nowiki> [ACh Suppl. 2, 75:3; Bezold 1920 115, Anm. 2];
**DIŠ <sup>ul</sup>A.EDIN ''ina(<sup>?</sup> ana<sup>??</sup>) ulug<sub>5</sub>.ga kur-ud še.giš.i<sub>3</sub> sig<sub>5</sub>'': ''<sup>ul</sup>udu.idim.sag.uš <sup>ul</sup>Za-ap-pa kur-[ud] [xxxxx]''
***"If Erua reaches the Crow/Raven: the sesame will be good; (this means:) Saturn has drawn closer to the Pleiades'" [Borger 1973 41:20′], see also [ACh Suppl., 50:8; Suppl. 2, 68:18].


*(3) = Field; see (Kurtik m05) MAN''-ma'', II 7.
*(3) = Field; see (Kurtik m05) MAN''-ma'', II 7.

Latest revision as of 06:29, 28 April 2025

detail from drawing
Erua drawn in Papke (1989)

E4.RU6 (Sumerian writing) equaling the Akkadian Erua; She is a goddess of the ancient Babylonian pantheon. See (Kurtik a02) mul / dA.EDIN (Gössmann 441).

Dictionary

Krebernik (2023)

Erua. First attested as an “advisor” of Enki/Ea’s wife Damgalnunna, later identified with Zarpānītu(m). sis-sin-nu dE4-ru6 “date-palm spadix” (kind of jewellery?) (of?) Erua (EN 12r).

sissinnu. “spadix of the date palm”: see Erua (goddess).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Variant readings:

  • mulERU3,
  • mulERU4;
  • mulE4.RU6;
  • = mulE4-ru6,
  • mulEru(a), Erūsa "Erua", "Branch".
  • 1) a constellation approximately corresponding to the Hair of Berenice (lat. from Greek Berenice; IAU-name Coma Berenices),
  • 2) = ziqpu XXV (γ Comae Berenices) [AHw 1051; CAD S 326; G. 9, 126].
Sources Identifications
EAE.
  • See. [Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 5′, 11′, 20′; Largement 1957 246:49-50; SpTU I, 92:6-7; SpTU III, 101:18, 19].
"Reports."
  • See. [ARAK 350a].
Three Stars Each

Text Nv. 10.

  • Intercalation scheme:
  • [ina itigan ki.min m]ulPE4-ru6 // 4 šu-ut dEn-l[il2] / [mulab.]sin2 // 3 šu-ut dA-ni[m] / [...] u mulPšu.pRa // 2 šu-ut dE2-PaR / [GIŠ ... mu]lAN.TA.GUB.BA // 1 šu-qa2 sim.PmaCR
  • "[In the month of Kislimu respectively:] Erua, 4 (asterism on the way) of Enlil, / [Bar]ley Stalk, 3 (asterism on the way) An[u], / [...] and Šupa, 2 (asterism on the way) Ea, / [measuring instrument]: (from) the standing-upstraight asterism, 1, (to) the height of Swallow"
  • (Obv. 5'-8') [Donbaz-Koch 64-65, 69].
MUL.APIN.
  • (1) List Asterisms of Enlil (no. 11): sis-sin-nu dE4-ru6 dZar-pa-ni-tum "Branch (of a date palm) Erua, Zarpanitum" (I i 11).***
  • (2) The list of ziqpu-stars: mulE4-ru6, between mulUR.GU.LA and mulDe2-gal2-la-a-a (I iv 6).
  • (3) Culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings:
    • ina itiAPIN UD 15 KAM mulE4-ru6 ina MURUB4 AN-e IGI-it GABA-ka GUB-ma mulUZ3 KUR-ša
    • "On the 15th arahsamnu the constellation Erua stands in the middle of the sky opposite your chests, and the Goat constellation rises" (I iv 26) [MA 21, 59, 65], see also [Horowitz 1989-90 117, BM 73815: 6'].
a piece of a date palm
star chart with painted asterism
Erua's Date Palm Spadix, painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium (2021, reference paper 2022).
List of asterisms V R 46, 1:46.
  • mulE4-ru6 = ba-na-at ri-šu-tu4
  • “Erua = creative seed”, see also [HBA 52:46].
Lists of ziqpu stars.
  • (1) AO 6478:
    • (a) 1⅔ MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN(=ina qaqqari) | 18 IGI DANNA i-na KI.MIN(=ina šamê) / TA mulDILI ša2 KUN-šu2 | EN mulA.EDIN "weight of 1⅔ mini, 10° on earth, 18,000 miles in the sky / Separated from the tail (Lion) to the Branch",
    • (b) 4 MA.NA 10 GIN2 MIN | ⅔ DANNA 5 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 45 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN / TA mulA.EDIN | EN mulŠUDUN.ANŠE "weight of 4 mini and 10 shekels, 25° on earth, 45000 miles in the sky / From the Branch to the Harness" [Thureau-Dangin 1913 217:19-22; TU, 21 r. 19-22; HBA 133; Schaumberger 1952 228-229].
  • (2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ a-na mul dZe[r-pa-ni-tu] "10° to (stars of) Ze[rpanitu]" [Schaumberger 1952 225:19].
  • (3) VAT 16436: A.EDIN // 6 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ3 "Erua // 6 (stars) // 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952 226-227:16].
  • (4) Sippar Planisphere:
    • a) [10 UŠ] ana mule4-Pru6R "[100] to Erua" (rev. 24),
    • b) mule4-ru6, diagram: 1 point and next to 6 points forming a circle (obv., Segment 4) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 172-173:24, 176-178].
Culminations of ziqpu stars.

(1) LBAT 1502.

  • (a) [...MUL2 [...MUL2AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA | E4-ru6 ana ziq-pi "[...asterism AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA. Erua culminates [...]",
  • (b) [...MU]L2.NUNki MUL.AN.TA.GUB.BA | ½ DANNA ar2 dE4-ru6 ana ziq-pi P10R "The asterism of Eridu is the asterism of Antagubba. (Point) ½ mile (15°) culminated behind Erua. 10" [Donbaz-Koch 76: obv. i 5'-6', ii 4'-5'].
Anaphora.
  • А 3427: A.EDIN is used as a ziqpu-star in determining the time of the rising sun of the twelfth part of the zodiac sign Sagittarius [Schaumberger 1955 238:21-25]. The list of the "6 palace women". mulE4-ru6 mulmar.gid2.[da] / mulmar.gid2.da.an.na / mulU8 dA-a / muluz3 mulbal.teš2.a / 6 dmi2.ša3.gal.meš "Erua, Wagon, Wagon of Anu, Sheep of Aya, Goat, asterism of Dignity: 6 «palace women»'" [KAR, 142 iv 4-8].
GU-text.
Late astrology.
  • (1) Predictions of lunar eclipses from the culminations of the stars and the position of the Sun relative to the constellations. ki-i múlE4.RU6 a-na ziq-pi izzazu(GUB)zu-ma dSîn(30) attalû(AN.GI6) [u2-ša]r-ru-[u2] / E4.RU6 KIdidli dPA u dLUGAL / a-di-i dŠamaš(UTU) KIdidli ikaššad(KUR-ad2) pi-šer3-ša2 attalû(AN.GI6) ul u2-šar-ra-a "If Erua culminates and a lunar eclipse should begin / Erua, Furrow, Shullat and Hanish / As long as the Sun has not reached the Furrow. Its meaning: there will be no eclipse" (W 22554/2) [SpTU III, 102:12-14].
  • (2) W 23313/3: DIŠ KI mulA.EDIN U3.TU DUMUmeš TU[K?...] "If it, when Erua (culminates?), is born: he will hav[e?] sons" [SpTU V, 265: 8'].
  • (3) Predicting izbu, see (Kurtik u17) UR.A. See also: e-ri [...] (U.197 obv. 3') [Sachs 1952 74], dGAŠAN.EDIN "Lady Erua" (?) [Hunger 1975 41: rev. 4].   

II. Deity.

           Erua is the goddess of pregnancy [Tallqvist 286], her standard epithet is ba-nat2 ri- šu-tu2 , lit. "she who creates the seed”; as such was she addressed during the Babylonian New Years festivities [RAcc. 139: 331], see also [CAD R 343a].

           Analogous meaning was given to the name of the goddess Za/erbanītum (from zēru “seed” and banû “to create, to build”), from whom Erua was identified with.

           Prayers and Rituals.

  • (1) Ritual performed at night to obtain a favorable omen in a dream: A.MEŠ KU3.MEŠ ana IGI mulMAR.GI[D2.D]A 3-šu2 ana IGI dE-ru-u2-[a] 3-šu2 til-liš ZID2.MAD.GA2 ŠUB-uk "Consecrate the waters before the constellation of the Chariot three times (and) in front of the goddess Erua, sprinkle the water three times, and the flour four times."
  • (2) Ritual of the "washing of the mouth" (mīs pî) or the "revitalizing” of the divine-statues. see (z10) Zibānītu, II.

III. Symbol.

         Description of the constellations in Neo-Assyrian texts: mulE4-ru6 ral-m[u lu-bu-uš-tu]m kur-ku-ra GAR-in / 1 MUL ina SAG-šu2 e-[rir qin-na-za ina Š]U ZAG-šu2 na-ši dir-rat qin-na-zi-šu2 / ina UGU KUN mulUR. GU.LA [LA2-a]t2 ina ŠU GUB3-ša2 MUL na-ši "Constellation of Erua: figure[s] in garment]s; on it kurkurra. / 1 star is de[picted] as being on her head, with her right hand she holds a [whip]; the strap of her whip [extend]s up to the tail of the Lion; with her left hand she [carri]es a star. [Weidner 1927 75-77, VAT 9428 r.1-3]. In the same text (r. 5) there is mention of šašallu ša2 mul[E4-r]u6 "Hind/back/spine of Erua." [Weidner 1927 75].

           In the Seleucid texts we find: sis-sin-nu ina ŠUII 15-ša7? "a branch in her right hand (she holds)." [LBAT, 1510:11]; "the branch of a date palm", according to [MA 125], see also [CAD S 326]. Features of the constellations were thought of differently - depending on varying epochs and in differing traditions– with the date branch being the only integral part of it.

V. Astrology.

       Identifications and predictions:

  • (1) = Venus;
    • (a) Venus and the Pleiades; [DIŠ MUL].A.EDIN MUL.MUL KUR-ud dIM RA-ir "If Erua (=Venera?) reaches the Pleiades: Adad will devastate" [ARAK, 55 r. 9]; comment: mulDil-bat ina ŠA3 MUL.MUL [GUB-ma] "Venus [stands] in the Pleiades," suggesting an identification: mulA.EDIN = dil-bat, see also [ACh Suppl, 50:7; ARAK, 536:3-4; Borger 1973 41:5′];
    • b) Lunar halo and Erua; see. (Kurtik a05) AB.SIN2 VI,7; mulA. EDIN / ina TUR3 d30 GUB-az-m[a] "The asterism Erua(=Venus) stands in the lunar halo" (astronomical observation) [ARAK, 295 r. 7-8];
    • (c) Planet (=Mars) and Erua (=Venus); see. a15ACû, II 1.
  • (2) = Saturn;
    • DIŠ mulA.EDIN MUL.MUL KUR KU2-ti dIMIN.BI dUDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ dZap-pa KUR-ma
      • "If Erua reaches the Star Cluster: the eating of the Seven Gods (will take place); (this means:) Saturn has drawn closer to the Pleiades'' [ACh Suppl. 2, 75:3; Bezold 1920 115, Anm. 2];
    • DIŠ ulA.EDIN ina(? ana??) ulug5.ga kur-ud še.giš.i3 sig5: uludu.idim.sag.uš ulZa-ap-pa kur-[ud] [xxxxx]
      • "If Erua reaches the Crow/Raven: the sesame will be good; (this means:) Saturn has drawn closer to the Pleiades'" [Borger 1973 41:20′], see also [ACh Suppl., 50:8; Suppl. 2, 68:18].
  • (3) = Field; see (Kurtik m05) MAN-ma, II 7.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, e22) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulERU3, mulERU4; mulE4.RU6; = mulE4-ru6, mulEru(a), Erūsa "Эруа", "Ветвь"; 1) созвездие, приблизительно соответствующее Волосам Вероники (Coma Berenices), 2) = ziqpu XXV (γ Comae Berenices) [AHw 1051; CAD S 326; G. 9, 126]. Example
I. Источники.

ЕАЕ. См. [Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 5′, 11′, 20′; Largement 1957 246:49-50; SpTU I, 92:6-7; SpTU III, 101:18, 19]. "Рапорты". См. [ARAK 350a]. MUL.APIN.

(1) Список звезд Энлиля (№ 11): sis-sin-nu dE4-ru6 dZar-pa-ni-tum "Ветвь (финиковой пальмы) Эруа, Зарпанитум" (I i 11). (2) Список ziqpu-звезд: mulE4-ru6, между mulUR.GU.LA и mulDe2-gal2-la-a-a (I iv 6). (3) Кульминации и одновременные гелиакические восходы: ina itiAPIN UD 15 KAM mulE4-ru6 ina MURUB4 AN-e IGI-it GABA-ka GUB-ma mulUZ3 KUR-Ca "15-го арахсамну созвездие Эруа стоит в середине неба напротив твоей груди, а созвездие Коза восходит" (I iv 26) [MA 21, 59, 65], см. также [Horowitz 1989-90 117, BM 73815: 6']. Список звезд V R 46, 1:46. mulE4-ru6 = ba-na-at ri-Cu-tu4 "Эруа = творящая семя", см. также [HBA 52:46]. Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) 1⅔ MA.NA MIN(=šuqultu) | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN(=ina qaqqari) | 18 IGI DANNA i-na KI.MIN(=ina šamê) / TA mulDILI ša2 KUN-šu2 | EN mulA.EDIN "1⅔ мины веса, 100 на земле, 18000 миль на небе / От Отдельной на хвосте (Льва) до Ветви", b) 4 MA.NA 10 GIN2 MIN | ⅔ DANNA 5 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 45 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN / TA mulA.EDIN | EN mulŠUDUN.ANŠE "4 мины 10 сиклей веса, 250 на земле, 45000 миль на небе / От Ветви до Упряжи"  [Thureau-Dangin 1913 217:19-22; TU, 21 r. 19-22; HBA 133; Schaumberger 1952 228-229]. (2) VAT 16437: 10 UŠ a-na mul dZe[r-pa-ni-tu] "100 до (звезд) Зе[рпаниту]" [Schaumberger 1952 225:19]. (3) VAT 16436: A.EDIN // 6 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ3 "Эруа // 6 (звезд) // 7200 локтей" [Schaumberger 1952 226-227:16]. (4) Sippar Planisphere: a) [10 UŠ] ana mule4-Pru6R "[100] до Эруа" (rev. 24), b) mule4-ru6, на диаграмме: 1 точка и рядом 6 точек, образующих кружочек (obv., Segment 4) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 172-173:24, 176-178]. Кульминации ziqpu-звезд. (1) LBAT 1502. a) […] MUL2 […MUL2AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA | E4-ru6 ana ziq-pi "[…звезда AN.T]A.ŠUR.RA. Эруа кульминирует […]", b) […MU]L2.NUNki MUL.AN.TA.GUB.BA | ½ DANNA ar2 dE4-ru6 ana ziq-pi P10R "Звезда Эриду — звезда Антагубба. (Точка) ½ мили (150) позади Эруа кульминировала. 10" [Donbaz-Koch 76: obv.  i 5'-6', ii 4'-5']. Анафора. А 3427: A.EDIN используется как ziqpu-звезда при определении времен восхода двенадцатых частей знака зодиака Стрелец [Schaumberger 1955 238:21-25]. Список "6 дворцовых женщин". mulE4-ru6 mulmar.gid2.[da] / mulmar.gid2.da.an.na / mulU8 dA-a / muluz3 mulbal.teš2.a / 6 dmi2.ša3.<e2>.gal.meš "Эруа, Повозка, Повозка Ану, Овца Айи, Коза, Звезда Достоинство : 6 «дворцовых женщин»" [KAR, 142 iv 4-8]. Текст Nv. 10. Интеркаляционная схема: [ina itigan ki.min m]ulPE4-ru6R // 4 šu-ut dEn-l[il2] / [mulab.]sin2 // 3 šu-ut dA-ni[m] / [ …] u mulPšu.pRa // 2 šu-ut dE2-PaR / [GIŠ … mu]lAN.TA.GUB.BA // 1 šu-qa2 sim.PmaCR "[В месяце кислиму соответственно]: Эруа, 4, (звезда на пути) Энли[ля], / [Бор]озда, 3, (звезда на пути) Ан[у], / […] и Шупа, 2, (звезда на пути) Эа, / [измерительный инструмент]: (от) Наверху стоящей звезды, 1, (до) высоты Ласточки" (Obv. 5'-8') [Donbaz-Koch 64-65, 69]. GU-текст. (К), (L) mulE4-ru6 (ziqpu XXV: g Com), см. a06AB.SIN2, d11DINGIR.KU.A.MEŠ. Поздняя астрология. (1) Предсказания лунных затмений по кульминациям звезд и положениям Солнца относительно созвездий. ki-i E4.RU6 a-na ziq-pi izzazu(GUB)zu-ma dSîn(30) attalû(AN.GI6) [u2-ša]r-ru-[u2] / E4.RU6 KIdidli dPA u dLUGAL / a-di-i dŠamaš(UTU) KIdidli ikaššad(KUR-ad2) pi-šer3-ša2 attalû(AN.GI6) ul u2-šar-ra-a "Если Эруа кульминирует и лунное затмение должно начаться / Эруа, Борозда, Шуллат и Ханиш / До тех пор пока Солнце не достигло Борозды. Его значение: затмения не будет" (W 22554/2) [SpTU III, 102:12-14]. (2) W 23313/3: DIŠ KI mulA.EDIN U3.TU DUMUmeš TU[K?…] "Если он, когда Эруа (кульминирует?), родился: у него будут сыновья" [SpTU V, 265: 8']. (3) Предсказания izbu, см. u17UR.A. См. также: e-ri […] (U.197 obv. 3') [Sachs 1952 74], dGAŠAN.EDIN "Госпожа Эруа" (?) [Hunger 1975 41: rev. 4].

II. Божество.

Эруа ― богиня беременности [Tallqvist 286], ее стандартный эпитет ba-nat2 ri-Cu-tu2 , букв. "творящая семя"; так к ней обращались в Вавилоне во время празднования Нового года [RAcc. 139: 331], см. также [CAD R 343a]. Аналогичный смысл имело имя богини Za/erbanītum (от zēru "семя" и banû "творить, строить"), с которой отождествлялась Эруа. Молитвы и ритуалы. (1) Ритуал, совершавшийся ночью, для получения благоприятного предзнаменования во сне: A.MEŠ KU3.MEŠ ana IGI mulMAR.GI[D2.D]A 3-šu2 ana IGI dE-ru-u2-[a] 3-šu2 til-liC ZID2.MAD.GA2 ŠUB-uk "Водами освященными перед созвездием Колесницы трижды (и) перед богиней Эруа трижды брызгаешь, муку рассыпаешь" [STT I, 73 iii 82-84; Reiner 1960 34:83-84]. (2) Ритуал "омовения рта" (mīs pî) или "оживления" статуи-божества, см. z10Zibānītu, II.    


III. Символ.

Описание фигуры созвездия в новоассирийском тексте: mulE4-ru6 ral-m[u lu-bu-uš-tu]m kur-ku-ra GAR-in / 1 MUL ina SAG-šu2 e-[rir qin-na-za ina Š]U ZAG-šu2 na-ši dir-rat qin-na-zi-šu2 / ina UGU KUN mulUR.GU.LA [LA2-a]t2 ina ŠU GUB3-ša2 MUL na-ši "Созвездие Эруа: фигу[ра в одеяни]и; на ней kurkurra. / 1 звезда изоб[ражена] на ее голове, в своей правой руке она держит [кнут]; ремешок ее кнута до хвоста Льва [протягивает]ся; в своей левой руке она [нес]ет звезду" [Weidner 1927 75-77, VAT 9428 r.1-3]. В этом же тексте (r. 5) упоминается šašallu ša2 mul[E4-r]u6 "Спина Эруа" [Weidner 1927 75]. В селевкидском тексте находим: sis-sin-nu ina ŠUII 15-ša7? "ветвь в своей правой руке (она держит)" [LBAT, 1510:11]; "ветвь финиковой пальмы", согласно [MA 125], см. также [CAD S 326]. Фигура созвездия в различные эпохи и в разных традициях ç, по-видимому, по-разному, финиковая ветвь была только eе частью.

IV. Отождествление:

Как созвездие:

= западная часть Virgo (без α Virginis) + Coma Berenices [G. 126];

= 12-17 Comae Berenices [Schaumberger 1952 223];

= Coma Berenices + Canes Venatici [Weidner 1957-59 78];

= γ+ Coma Berenices(?) [BPO 2, p. 10]. Последнее отождествление, восходящее к Шаумбергеру, является наиболее предпочтительным.

Как ziqpu-звезда:

= γ Comae Berenices [Schaumberger 1952 229; MA 142; Pingree-Walker 320; Koch 1992 58].

Согласно VAT 16436:16, mulA.EDIN, как ziqpu-звезда, содержало 6 звезд [Schaumberger 1952 223, 226]; на диаграмме из Sippar Planisphere ей соответствует, по-видимому, кружочек из 6 точек [Horowitz-al-Rawi 176-178].

V. Астрология.

Отождествления и предсказания:

(1) = Венера; a) Венера и Плеяды; [DIŠ MUL].A.EDIN MUL.MUL KUR-ud dIM RA-ir "Если Эруа (=Венера?) достигает Плеяд: Адад опустошит" [ARAK, 55 r. 9]; комментарий:  mulDil-bat ina ŠA3 MUL.MUL [GUB-ma] "Венера [стоит] в Плеядах", предполагающий отождествление: mulA.EDIN = dil-bat, см. также [ACh Suppl., 50:7; ARAK, 536:3-4; Borger 1973 41:5′]; b) Лунное гало и Эруа; см. a05AB.SIN2 VI,7; mulA.EDIN / ina TUR3 d30 GUB-az-m[a] "Звезда Эруа(=Венера) стоит в лунном гало" (астрономическое наблюдение) [ARAK, 295 r. 7-8]; с) Планета (=Марс) и Эруа (=Венера); см. a15ACû, II 1.

  (2) = Cатурн; DIŠ mulA.EDIN MUL.MUL KUR KU2-ti dIMIN.BI dUDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ dZap-pa KUR-ma "Если Эруа достигает Звезд: поедание Семерых богов (будет иметь место); (это означает:) Сатурн к Плеядам приблизился" [ACh Suppl. 2, 75:3; Bezold 1920 115, Anm. 2]; DIŠ ulA.EDIN ina(? ana??) ulug5.ga kur-ud še.giš.i3 sig5 : uludu.idim.sag.uš ulZa-ap-pa kur-[ud] [xxxxx] "Если Эруа достигает Ворона: сезам будет хорошим; (это означает:) Сатурн к Плеядам приблизился" [Borger 1973 41:20′], см. также [ACh Suppl., 50:8; Suppl. 2, 68:18].

(3) = Поле; см. m05MAN-ma, II 7.

Example

References