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DINGIR is an ancient Sumerian term for "god"; the Akkadian equivalent is ''ilu(m)''.
DINGIR (𒀭) is an ancient Sumerian term for "god"; the Akkadian equivalent is ''ilu(m)''.


===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
= ilu(m) "God"; the generic term for deities in Sumerian and Akkadian. The term used a few times with reference to the name the Moon and or the Sun within astrological texts [G. 194].
= ''ilu''(''m'') "God"; the generic term for deities in Sumerian and Akkadian. The term used a few times with reference to the name the Moon and or the Sun within astrological texts [G. 194].
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{| class="wikitable"
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Old Babylonian predictions on the observations of the Moon:
Old Babylonian predictions on the observations of the Moon:


* DIŠ i-na ša-me-e i-lu-um i-na u<sub>4</sub>-mi bi-bu-li-im / ar-ḫi-iš la it-ba-al / a-ru-ur<sub>2</sub>-tum i-na ma-a-tim iš-ša-ka-an
* DIŠ ''i-na ša-me-e i-lu-um i-na u''<sub>4</sub>-''mi bi-bu-li-im'' / ''ar-ḫi-iš la it-ba-al'' / ''a-ru-ur''<sub>2</sub>-''tum i-na ma-a-tim iš-ša-ka-an''
** "If God(= Moon)’s appearance does not disappear quickly from the sky during the day: there will be drought in the country".
** "If God(= Moon)’s appearance does not disappear quickly from the sky during the day: there will be drought in the country".


[Horowitz 2000, 204-205: 8-10], see also [ibid. 204-205: 11-12, 15]. EAE. See [ABCD, 179-227 passim; NSAM 2, 221-222].
[Horowitz 2000, 204-205: 8-10], see also [ibid. 204-205: 11-12, 15].
|Example
|Example
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|'''EAE.'''
See [ABCD, 179-227 passim; NSAM 2, 221-222].
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|'''"Reports" and "Letters."'''
|'''"Reports" and "Letters."'''
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|'''Neo-Assyrian Texts'''
|'''Neo-Assyrian Texts'''In Neo-Assyrian texts we find standard expressions concerning the opposition of the Sun and the Moon:
In Neo-Assyrian texts we find standard expressions concerning the opposition of the Sun and the Moon:

* UD-14-KAM<sub>2</sub> DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-ma
* UD-14-KAM<sub>2</sub> DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-''ma''
** "On the 14th day (of the month) the god will see (another) god" [ARAK, 294 r. 2];
** "On the 14th day (of the month) the god will see (another) god" [ARAK, 294 r. 2];
* UD-14-KAM<sub>2</sub> DINGIR KI DINGIR la in- / [nam-mar-ma]
* UD-14-KAM<sub>2</sub> DINGIR KI DINGIR ''la in''- / [''nam-mar-ma'']
** "On the 14th day the god did not see (another) god" [ARAK, 295 [ARAK, 295:3];
** "On the 14th day the god did not see (another) god" [ARAK, 295 [ARAK, 295:3];
* DIŠ 30 u <sup>d</sup>UTU šu-ta-ta-u<sub>2</sub> / LUGAL KUR uz-nu u<sub>2</sub>-rap-pa-aš<sub>2</sub> / UD-14-KAM<sub>2</sub> ITI-us-su DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-ma
* DIŠ 30 ''u'' <sup>d</sup>UTU ''šu-ta-ta-u''<sub>2</sub> / LUGAL KUR ''uz-nu u''<sub>2</sub>-''rap-pa-aš''<sub>2</sub> / UD-14-KAM<sub>2</sub> ITI-''us-su'' DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-''ma''
** "If the Moon and the Sun are in opposition, let the king of the country expand his understanding: on the 14th day of each month one god will see (another) god" [ARAK, 371: 1-3];
** "If the Moon and the Sun are in opposition, let the king of the country expand his understanding: on the 14th day of each month one god will see (another) god" [ARAK, 371: 1-3];
* ina UD-15-KAM<sub>2</sub> / DINGIR KI DINGIR / it-ta-mar
* ''ina'' UD-15-KAM<sub>2</sub> / DINGIR KI DINGIR / ''it-ta-mar''
** "On the 15th day a god with (another god) appeared (together)" (report of observations made) [LABS, 135 r. 3-5], see also [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 157].
** "On the 15th day a god with (another god) appeared (together)" (report of observations made) [LABS, 135 r. 3-5], see also [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 157].


These reports and letters refer to the observation of the Sun and the Moon during a moment when they stand in opposition to each other during mid-lunar month, and they can physically be observed simultaneously on opposite sides of the horizon.
These reports and letters refer to the observation of the Sun and the Moon when they stand in opposition to each other during mid-lunar month, and be observed simultaneously on opposite sides of the horizon at Sunrise and Sunset.
|Example
|Example
|}
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===Additional===
===Additional===
See also: DINGIR KUR-ma KU NU ZAḪ<sub>3</sub> "God (=Mars) will ascend and will not cause destruction [...]". [ABCD, 125, D ii 5 + note 7].
See also: DINGIR KUR-''ma'' KU NU ZAḪ<sub>3</sub> "God (=Mars) will ascend and will not cause destruction [...]". [ABCD, 125, D ii 5 + note 7].
==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"

Latest revision as of 20:33, 23 May 2025

DINGIR (𒀭) is an ancient Sumerian term for "god"; the Akkadian equivalent is ilu(m).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= ilu(m) "God"; the generic term for deities in Sumerian and Akkadian. The term used a few times with reference to the name the Moon and or the Sun within astrological texts [G. 194].

Sources Identifications
"The Shileiko Tablet."

Old Babylonian predictions on the observations of the Moon:

  • DIŠ i-na ša-me-e i-lu-um i-na u4-mi bi-bu-li-im / ar-ḫi-iš la it-ba-al / a-ru-ur2-tum i-na ma-a-tim iš-ša-ka-an
    • "If God(= Moon)’s appearance does not disappear quickly from the sky during the day: there will be drought in the country".

[Horowitz 2000, 204-205: 8-10], see also [ibid. 204-205: 11-12, 15].

Example
EAE.

See [ABCD, 179-227 passim; NSAM 2, 221-222].

"Reports" and "Letters."

See. [ARAK, 320a; LBAT, 333a].

Neo-Assyrian Texts

In Neo-Assyrian texts we find standard expressions concerning the opposition of the Sun and the Moon:

  • UD-14-KAM2 DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-ma
    • "On the 14th day (of the month) the god will see (another) god" [ARAK, 294 r. 2];
  • UD-14-KAM2 DINGIR KI DINGIR la in- / [nam-mar-ma]
    • "On the 14th day the god did not see (another) god" [ARAK, 295 [ARAK, 295:3];
  • DIŠ 30 u dUTU šu-ta-ta-u2 / LUGAL KUR uz-nu u2-rap-pa-aš2 / UD-14-KAM2 ITI-us-su DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-ma
    • "If the Moon and the Sun are in opposition, let the king of the country expand his understanding: on the 14th day of each month one god will see (another) god" [ARAK, 371: 1-3];
  • ina UD-15-KAM2 / DINGIR KI DINGIR / it-ta-mar
    • "On the 15th day a god with (another god) appeared (together)" (report of observations made) [LABS, 135 r. 3-5], see also [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 157].

These reports and letters refer to the observation of the Sun and the Moon when they stand in opposition to each other during mid-lunar month, and be observed simultaneously on opposite sides of the horizon at Sunrise and Sunset.

Example

Additional

See also: DINGIR KUR-ma KU NU ZAḪ3 "God (=Mars) will ascend and will not cause destruction [...]". [ABCD, 125, D ii 5 + note 7].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, d09) Gössmann (1950)
= ilu(m) «Бог»; не часто используемое название Луны и Солнца в астрологических текстах [G. 194].

I. Источники.

«Табличка Шилейко». Старовавилонские предсказания по наблюдениям Луны: DIŠ i-na ša-me-e i-lu-um i-na u4-mi bi-bu-li-im / ar-ḫi-iš la it-ba-al / a-ru-ur2-tum i-na ma-a-tim iš-ša-ka-an  «Если Бог(=Луна) на небе в день (своего) появления не исчезает быстро: в стране будет засуха» [Horowitz 2000, 204–205: 8–10], см. также [ibid. 204–205: 11–12, 15]. EAE. См.[ABCD, 179–227 passim; NSAM 2, 221–222]. «Рапорты» и «Письма». См. [ARAK, 320a; LBAT, 333a].

В новоассирийских текстах встречаем стандартные выражения, касающиеся оппозиции Солнца и Луны: UD-14-KAM2 DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-ma «В 14-й день (месяца) бог увидит (другого) бога « [ARAK, 294 r. 2]; UD-14-KAM2 DINGIR KI DINGIR la in- / [nam-mar-ma] «В 14-й день бог не увидел (другого) бога» [ARAK, 295:3]; DIŠ 30 u dUTU šu-ta-ta-u2 / LUGAL KUR uz-nu u2-rap-pa-aš2 / UD-14-KAM2 ITI-us-su DINGIR KI DINGIR IGI-ma «Если Луна и Солнце находятся в оппозиции, царь страны пусть расширит свое понимание: в 14-й день каждого месяца один бог увидится с (другим) богом» [ARAK, 371: 1–3]; ina UD-15-KAM2 / DINGIR KI DINGIR / it-ta-mar «В 15-й день бог с (другим богом) появились (вместе)» (сообщение о проведенном наблюдении) [LABS, 135 r. 3–5], см. также [Koch–Westenholz 1999, 157]. В этих рапортах и письмах речь идет о наблюдении Солнца и Луны в момент, когда они находятся в оппозиции в середине лунного месяца и могут наблюдаться одновременно в противоположных сторонах горизонта.

См. также: DINGIR KUR-ma KU NU ZAḪ3 «Бог (=Марс) взойдет и не станет причиной разрушения […]» [ABCD, 125, D ii 5 + note 7].

Example
Kurtik (2022, i05)
«Бог», обозначение Луны в старовавилонском предсказательном тексте, так называемой «Табличке Шилейко»; см. d09DINGIR.

References

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