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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaffalmusalsala (كفّ المسلسة)}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Kaffalmusalsala (كفّ المسلسة)}} |
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The asterism formed by the three stars ι, ''κ'' and ''λ'' [[Andromeda]]<nowiki/>e is called "Andromeda's right hand" in ancient Greek texts and their derivatives. One of the Arabic translations is '''''Kaff al Musalsala''''' ''/'''''كفّ المسلسة.''' Herein, al Musalala is from the tranlsation "The Chained Woman" in Isḥāq and Ṣūfī and "Kaff" is for the hand. |
The asterism formed by the three stars ι, ''κ'' and ''λ'' [[Andromeda]]<nowiki/>e is called "Andromeda's right hand" in ancient Greek texts and their derivatives. One of the Arabic translations is '''''Kaff al Musalsala''''' ''/'''''كفّ المسلسة.''' Herein, al Musalala is from the tranlsation "The Chained Woman" in Isḥāq and Ṣūfī and "Kaff" is for the hand. The variant "Keff al Salsalat" is given in Knobel (1895).<ref>Knobel, E.B. (1895). On a Catalogue of Stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket. MNRAS, 55, 429K ([https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1895cscm.book.....K/abstract online])</ref> |
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==Etymology and History== |
==Etymology and History== |
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[[File:Andromeda Alm stellarium.jpg|thumb|Almagest Andromeda in Stellarium, drawn and labelled in Stellarium (Alina Schmidt, Lea Jabschinski, Marie von Seggern and Susanne M. Hoffmann 2021)]] |
[[File:Andromeda Alm stellarium.jpg|thumb|Almagest Andromeda in Stellarium, drawn and labelled in Stellarium (Alina Schmidt, Lea Jabschinski, Marie von Seggern and Susanne M. Hoffmann 2021)]] |
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[[File:Andromeda Farnse stellarium.jpg|thumb|Andromeda drawing on the Farnese Globe with a fish (unconnected to the other in Pisces) as her attribute, mapped to Stellarium. When her head is at α And, her right arm cannot be placed at ι, κ, λ And but needs to be placed further east (CC BY Susanne M Hoffmann 2021).]] |
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=== Hand of Andromeda in the Almagest === |
=== Hand of Andromeda in the Almagest === |
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|7 |
|7 |
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|τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀκροχείρου γ ὁ νότιος |
|τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ '''δεξιοῦ ἀκροχείρου''' γ ὁ νότιος |
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|(toon epi toy dexioy akrocheiroy 3 ho notios) |
|(toon epi toy dexioy akrocheiroy 3 ho notios) |
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|The southernmost of the '''3 stars on the right band''' |
|The southernmost of the '''3 stars on the right band''' |
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|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν |
|ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν |
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|(ho mesos aytoon) |
|(ho mesos aytoon) |
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|The middle |
|The middle one of these |
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|κ And |
|κ And |
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|23 |
|23 |
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|ὁ ἐκτὸς καὶ προηγούμενος τῶν ἐν τῷ δεξιῷ ἀκροχείρῳ γ |
|ὁ ἐκτὸς καὶ προηγούμενος τῶν ἐν τῷ δεξιῷ ἀκροχείρῳ γ |
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|(ho hektos kai proegoymenos |
|(ho hektos kai proegoymenos toon hen too dexioo akrocheiroo 3) |
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|The '''star in advance of''' the three in the right hand, outside [ of it] |
|The '''star in advance of''' the three in the right hand, outside [ of it] |
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|ο And |
|ο And |
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Then the following identifications appear chronologically: |
Then the following identifications appear chronologically: |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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! |
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⚫ | |||
! colspan="2" |Arabic |
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!English |
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!Author |
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!star |
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|- |
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|''al-Awsaṭ min Kaff al-Musalsala'' |
|''al-Awsaṭ min Kaff al-Musalsala'' |
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|the Median of the Palm of the Chained One |
|the Median of the Palm of the Chained One |
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|Marrākušī (13th c) |
|Marrākušī (13th c) |
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⚫ | |||
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|- |
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|''Wasaṭ Kaff al-Musalsala'' |
|''Wasaṭ Kaff al-Musalsala'' |
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|the Median of the Palm of the Chained One |
|the Median of the Palm of the Chained One |
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|Miṣrī (14th c.) |
|Miṣrī (14th c.) |
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⚫ | |||
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|- |
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|''idem'' |
|''idem'' |
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|''Idem'' |
|''Idem'' |
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|Tīzīnī (16th c.) |
|Tīzīnī (16th c.) |
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⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
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⚫ | |||
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|''Šamālī Kaff al-Musalsala'' |
|''Šamālī Kaff al-Musalsala'' |
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|The Northern of the Palm of the Chained One |
|The Northern of the Palm of the Chained One |
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|Miṣrī(14th c.) |
|Miṣrī(14th c.) |
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|''λ And'' |
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|} |
|} |
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Only this one can be taken as a true proper name: |
Only this one can be taken as a true proper name: |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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! |
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⚫ | |||
! colspan="2" |Arabic |
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!English |
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!Author |
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!star |
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|- |
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|''Kaff al-(Mu)salsala'' |
|''Kaff al-(Mu)salsala'' |
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|the Palm of the Chain One |
|the Palm of the Chain One |
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|Aḫsāsī (17th) |
|Aḫsāsī (17th) |
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|''ι And'' |
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|} |
|} |
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'''Remarks.''' |
'''Remarks.''' |
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==IAU Working Group on Star Names== |
==IAU Working Group on Star Names== |
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[[File:KapAnd Exoplanet stellarium.jpg|thumb|κ Andromedae in Stellarium: exoplanet display (Zotti et al. 2020).]] |
[[File:KapAnd Exoplanet stellarium.jpg|thumb|κ Andromedae in Stellarium: exoplanet display (Zotti et al. 2020).]] |
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[[File:PR 121119 2en gr.jpg|thumb|''Three false color images of the κ And ("Kappa Andromedae") system, generated from data collected in July 2012 with the Subaru Telescope in Hawai'i. In each image, the Super-Jupiter κ And b is visible to the upper left. Image credit: NAOJ / Subaru / J. Carson(College of Charleston) / T. Currie (University Toronto). See [https://www2.mpia-hd.mpg.de/Public/Aktuelles/PR_2/2012/PR121119/PR_121119_en.html MPIA press release for more information].'' ]] |
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The name "Keffalsalsalat" was suggested to the IAU WGSN in 2023 due to its appearance in modern literature (Knobel 1895). The name is not in Simbad or anyhow known in the public. From the group of three, lambda would be the brightest, but has an older name ([[Asidu]]); so we would suggest the second brightest, kappa Andromedae (κ And), to be named with the Arabic term. However, we suggest to correct Knobel's spelling from the 19th century and name the star '' |
The name "Keffalsalsalat" was suggested to the IAU WGSN in 2023 due to its appearance in modern literature (Knobel 1895). The name is not in Simbad or anyhow known in the public. From the group of three, lambda would be the brightest, but has an older name ([[Asidu]]); so we would suggest the second brightest, kappa Andromedae (κ And), to be named with the Arabic term. However, we suggest to correct Knobel's spelling from the 19th century and name the star ''[[Kaffalmusalsala]]'' (adapted to the IAU-Style Guide, simplified to pre-Unicode ASCII). |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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!identification |
!identification |
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G8 IVk |
G8 IVk |
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|3.82 |
|3.82 |
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|ψ And |
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|9003 |
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|117221 |
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|G3 Ib-II |
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|4.966 |
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|double or multiple |
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Latest revision as of 20:20, 17 April 2025
The asterism formed by the three stars ι, κ and λ Andromedae is called "Andromeda's right hand" in ancient Greek texts and their derivatives. One of the Arabic translations is Kaff al Musalsala /كفّ المسلسة. Herein, al Musalala is from the tranlsation "The Chained Woman" in Isḥāq and Ṣūfī and "Kaff" is for the hand. The variant "Keff al Salsalat" is given in Knobel (1895).[1]
Etymology and History
Hand of Andromeda in the Almagest
Greek | transliteration of Greek | English
(Toomer 1984) |
identification
(Toomer 1984) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
7 | τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ ἀκροχείρου γ ὁ νότιος | (toon epi toy dexioy akrocheiroy 3 ho notios) | The southernmost of the 3 stars on the right band | ι And |
8 | ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν | (ho mesos aytoon) | The middle one of these | κ And |
9 | ὁ βόρειος τῶν τριῶν | (ho boreios toon trioon) | The northernmost of the three | λ And |
23 | ὁ ἐκτὸς καὶ προηγούμενος τῶν ἐν τῷ δεξιῷ ἀκροχείρῳ γ | (ho hektos kai proegoymenos toon hen too dexioo akrocheiroo 3) | The star in advance of the three in the right hand, outside [ of it] | ο And |
Andromeda in Arabic texts
- Ἀνδρομέδα > Andrūmāḏā (Isḥāq),
- Andrūmīḏā (Ṣūfī),
- al-Mar’a, the Wife (Ḥağğāğ),
- al-Mar’at al-latī lam tara baclan, the Woman who has no husband (Battānī, Ṣūfī),
- al-Mar’at al-Musalsala, the Chained Woman (Isḥāq, Ṣūfī)
Hand of Andromeda
Andromeda's right arm has always been drawn in the area of the sky with this asterism (until Bode's new invention of the constellation Honores Friderici in 1795).
Spelling Variant:
- "Keff al Salsalat", or "Keffalsalsalat" in Al Mouakket[2] from Latin transliteration "Manus Catenatae", used for iota Andromedae (ι And).
The star ι And is described as Τῶν ἐπἰ τοῦ δεξιοῦ άκρόχειρον (Halma, II, 48-49), i.e. "at the end of the right hand" together with κ and λ And.
In Arabic, al-Ḥağğāğ translates as clā ṭaraf al-kaff, “at the tip of the right palm” and Isḥāq as clā ’l-kaff, “on the palm”. Al-Battānī does not mention these stars. As for al-Ṣūfī, he uses also the word al-Kaff in their description, and al-Bīrūnī does the same after him.
Then the following identifications appear chronologically:
Arabic | English | Author | star | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
al-Awsaṭ min Kaff al-Musalsala | the Median of the Palm of the Chained One | Marrākušī (13th c) | κ And | ||
Wasaṭ Kaff al-Musalsala | the Median of the Palm of the Chained One | Miṣrī (14th c.) | κ And | ||
idem | Idem | Tīzīnī (16th c.) | κ And | ||
Šamālī Kaff al-Musalsala | The Northern of the Palm of the Chained One | Miṣrī(14th c.) | λ And |
Only this one can be taken as a true proper name:
Arabic | English | Author | star | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kaff al-(Mu)salsala | the Palm of the Chain One | Aḫsāsī (17th) | ι And |
Remarks.
- al-Aḫsāsī reads al-salasa in the manuscript, which is, as he quotes it (p. 436, n. 31), a scribal error for al-musalsala, "the Chained One." It seems reasonable to reintroduce the exact word.
- In the transcription currently used, we write kaff and no longer Keff, and the final /t/ of Salsalat is not justified. The name would therefore be Kaff al-Musalsala, which is roughly the spelling used by Mustafa Pular in his catalog for κ And.
- The stars ι, κ and λ And all three deserve the name Kaff al-musalsala, but their magnitudes are respectively: 4.29, 4.15, and 3.81. As we can see, λ And is the largest.
Mythology
see Andromeda
IAU Working Group on Star Names

The name "Keffalsalsalat" was suggested to the IAU WGSN in 2023 due to its appearance in modern literature (Knobel 1895). The name is not in Simbad or anyhow known in the public. From the group of three, lambda would be the brightest, but has an older name (Asīdu); so we would suggest the second brightest, kappa Andromedae (κ And), to be named with the Arabic term. However, we suggest to correct Knobel's spelling from the 19th century and name the star Kaffalmusalsala (كفّ المسلسة) (adapted to the IAU-Style Guide, simplified to pre-Unicode ASCII).
identification
(Toomer 1984) |
HR | HIP | type | Vmag | binary? | exoplanets? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ι And | 8965 | 116631 | pulsating variable,
B8 V |
4.29 | no | |
κ And | 8976 | 116805 | high proper motion star
B9 IVn |
4.14 | yes
(one companion, 13 MJup, could also be super-Jupiter planet or a brown dwarf) | |
λ And | 8961 | 116584 | RS CVn Variable
G8 IVk |
3.82 | ||
ψ And | 9003 | 117221 | G3 Ib-II | 4.966 | double or multiple | |
ο And | 8762 | 113726 | Be Star
B6 IV/V_sh |
3.62 | no |
The WGSN chose ... (not to apply/ to apply the name to a neighbouring star/ to ...) in the IAU-CSN.
Weblinks
Reference
- References (general)
- References (early modern)
- Ian Ridpath's website (Star Tales )