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<sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (𒀯𒄭𒄤) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
<sup>mul</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (𒀯𒄭𒄤) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.


==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==


⚫
* = <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>''-gaz''; one of the two stars "on the sting of the Scorpius" (''ziqit'' GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB);
=== Krebernik (2023) ===
* = υ Scorpii, mentioned always in pair with <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur'' [Gössman 1950<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref>, 375; BPO 2<ref name=":0">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 15; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":1">Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)</ref>, 275].
'''Šarur & Šargaz.''' Pair of warrior gods, originally deified weapons of Ninurta. <sup>d</sup>Šár-ur<sub>4</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Šár-gaz (EA 12–13r).


Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023):<ref>Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579</ref><blockquote>'''Šarur & Šargaz.''' Pair of warrior gods, originally deified weapons of Ninurta. <sup>d</sup>Šár-ur<sub>4</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>Šár-gaz (EA 12–13r).</blockquote>
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
⚫
= <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>''-gaz''; one of the two stars "on the sting of the Scorpius" (''ziqit'' GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB); = υ Scorpii, mentioned always in pair with <sup>mul</sup>''Šar''<sub>2</sub>-''ur'' [G. 375; BPO 2, 15; ASM, 275].


==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
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|-
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|'''The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.'''
|'''The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.'''
* List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 10): <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [CT 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; MCG, 176].
* List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 10): <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 33, 9 r. 19; HBA<ref name=":2">''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 104; Horowitz 1998, 176].
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|'''"Reports."'''
|'''"Reports."'''
See. [SAA 8<ref name=":3">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 352b].
See. [ARAK, 352b].
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|-
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|'''"Great Start List."'''
|'''"Great Start List."'''
* 7 Celestial Twins: <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <''u''> <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:234]; for a parallel see. [KAR, 142 i 31].
* 7 Celestial Twins: <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <''u''> <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":4">''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:234]; for a parallel see. [KAR<ref>''Ebeling E.'' Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.</ref>, 142 i 31].
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|-
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|'''Star List V R, 46, 1:32.'''
|'''Star List V R, 46, 1:32.'''
* <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur ''u'' <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz = <sup>d</sup>''muš-te-šir ḫab-lim u'' <sup>d giš</sup>tukul <sup>d</sup>ša<sub>3</sub>.zu "Sharur and Shargas = Straightener of the Liar and Weapon of Marduk" [HBA, 52:32; Wee 2016, 162-3].
* <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur ''u'' <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz = <sup>d</sup>''muš-te-šir ḫab-lim u'' <sup>d giš</sup>tukul <sup>d</sup>ša<sub>3</sub>.zu "Sharur and Shargas = Straightener of the Liar and Weapon of Marduk" [HBA<ref name=":2" />, 52:32; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 162-3].
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|-
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|'''GU text.'''
|'''GU text.'''
* (P) <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:26], see (Kurtik g05) [[GAM-ti|GAM-''ti'']].
* (P) <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:26], see (Kurtik g05) [[GAM-ti|GAM-''ti'']].
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|-
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|'''Late astrology.'''
|'''Late astrology.'''
See. [SpTU III, 102:16]. See also <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <''u''> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz in the list of the 12 city gods of Babylon(?) [Livingstone 1986, 54 :2].
See. [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 102:16]. See also <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <''u''> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz in the list of the 12 city gods of Babylon(?) [Livingstone 1986<ref>''Livingstone  A.'' Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.</ref>, 54 :2].
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===Additional===
===Additional===


==== II. Identification. ====
==== Previous Identification. ====
         = λ or υ Scorpii [Weidner 1957-59, 80b; BPO 2, 15; MA 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].
         = λ or υ Scorpii [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 80b; BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, 15; MA<ref>Hunger, H. and J. M. Steele (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref> 138; Mesop.Astrol.<ref name=":4" />, 208, App. C].


         = υ Scorpii [ASM, 275].
         = υ Scorpii [Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref name=":1" />, 275].


==== III. Astrology. ====
==== Astrology. ====
         (1) Visitabilty of the Stars; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>4</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu'' / <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL.MEŠ KUR URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI.MEŠ / ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-''u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "If Sharur and Shargaz increase (their) brilliance on the sting of the Scorpius: the weapons of Akkad will attack. The sting of the Scorpius is the great lord of Pabilsag." [ARAK, 502:7-9], see also [ibid., 51:1-2, 185:3-5, 370:4-7]. [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> ''u''] <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (glossa: ''ga-az'') / [''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''un-nu-tu''<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ''ma-aq-tu''<sub>2</sub> "[If Sharur and] Shargaz are weak [on the sting of Scor]pion: [...] ... will fall" [ARAK, 52:-3].
         (1) Visitabilty of the Stars; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>4</sub> ''u'' <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu'' / <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL.MEŠ KUR URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI.MEŠ / ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-''u''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG "If Sharur and Shargaz increase (their) brilliance on the sting of the Scorpius: the weapons of Akkad will attack. The sting of the Scorpius is the great lord of Pabilsag." [SAA 8<ref name=":3" />, 502:7-9], see also [ibid.<ref name=":3" />, 51:1-2, 185:3-5, 370:4-7]. [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> ''u''] <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (glossa: ''ga-az'') / [''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''zi-qit'' <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''un-nu-tu''<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ''ma-aq-tu''<sub>2</sub> "[If Sharur and] Shargaz are weak [on the sting of Scor]pion: [...] ... will fall" [SAA 8<ref name=":3" />, 52:-3].


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
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! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|-
|= <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz; одна из двух звезд «на жале Скорпиона» (ziqit GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB); = υ Scorpii, упоминается всегда в паре с <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-ur [G. 375; BPO 2, 15; ASM, 275].
|= <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz; одна из двух звезд «на жале Скорпиона» (ziqit GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB); = υ Scorpii, упоминается всегда в паре с <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-ur [Gössman 1950, 375; BPO 2, 15; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 275].
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


«Астролябии». Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 10): <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [CT 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; MCG, 176]. «Рапорты». См. [ARAK, 352b]. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Эа (№ 12), см. g19GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB. «Большой список звезд». 7 Небесных Близнецов: <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <nowiki><u> </nowiki><sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:234]; параллель см. [KAR, 142 i 31]. Список звезд V R, 46, 1:32. <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur u <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz = <sup>d</sup>muš-te-šir ḫab-lim u <sup>d giš</sup>tukul <sup>d</sup>ša<sub>3</sub>.zu «Шарур и Шаргаз = Выпрямитель лжеца и Оружие Мардука» [HBA, 52:32; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. (P) <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur  <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:26], см. g05GAM-ti. Dalbanna-текст. §с. <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> u <sup>mul</sup>[Šar<sub>2</sub>-ga]z «Шарур и [Шарга]з» (λ, υ Sco), см. L07LI<sub>4</sub>.SI<sub>9</sub>. §t. <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>˹Šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz˺, см. g32GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM. Текст Nv. 10. (1) Интеркаляционная схема: [<sup>mul</sup>š]ar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz  как звезды Энлиля — звезды AN.TA.GUB.BA в месяце тебету, см. d05DI. (2) <sup>mul</sup>˹<sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>˺.ur<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz — звезда AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA в месяце дуузу, см. sh16ŠU.GI. LBAT 1502. <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz и <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> — звезды Анташурра, см. t01tak-ša<sub>2</sub>-a-ti. Поздняя астрология. См. [SpTU III, 102:16]. См. также <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <nowiki><u> </nowiki><sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz в списке 12 городских богов Вавилона(?) [Livingstone 1986, 54 :2].
«Астролябии». Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 10): <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [CT 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; Horowitz 1998, 176]. «Рапорты». См. [SAA 8, 352b]. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Эа (№ 12), см. g19GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB. «Большой список звезд». 7 Небесных Близнецов: <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <nowiki><u> </nowiki><sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:234]; параллель см. [KAR, 142 i 31]. Список звезд V R, 46, 1:32. <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur u <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz = <sup>d</sup>muš-te-šir ḫab-lim u <sup>d giš</sup>tukul <sup>d</sup>ša<sub>3</sub>.zu «Шарур и Шаргаз = Выпрямитель лжеца и Оружие Мардука» [HBA, 52:32; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. (P) <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur  <sup>mul</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:26], см. g05GAM-ti. Dalbanna-текст. §с. <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> u <sup>mul</sup>[Šar<sub>2</sub>-ga]z «Шарур и [Шарга]з» (λ, υ Sco), см. L07LI<sub>4</sub>.SI<sub>9</sub>. §t. <sup>mul</sup>Šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>˹Šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz˺, см. g32GU<sub>4</sub>.ALIM. Текст Nv. 10. (1) Интеркаляционная схема: [<sup>mul</sup>š]ar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz  как звезды Энлиля — звезды AN.TA.GUB.BA в месяце тебету, см. d05DI. (2) <sup>mul</sup>˹<sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>˺.ur<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz — звезда AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA в месяце дуузу, см. sh16ŠU.GI. LBAT 1502. <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-gaz и <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>-ur<sub>4</sub> — звезды Анташурра, см. t01tak-ša<sub>2</sub>-a-ti. Поздняя астрология. См. [SpTU III, 102:16]. См. также <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>4</sub> <nowiki><u> </nowiki><sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz в списке 12 городских богов Вавилона(?) [Livingstone 1986, 54 :2].


II. Отождествление.
II. Отождествление.
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= λ или υ Scorpii [Weidner 1957–59, 80b; BPO 2, 15; MA 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].
= λ или υ Scorpii [Weidner 1957–59, 80b; BPO 2, 15; MA 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].


= υ Scorpii [ASM, 275].
= υ Scorpii [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 275].


III. Астрология.
III. Астрология.


(1) Видимость звезд; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>4</sub> u <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ša<sub>2</sub> zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu / <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL.MEŠ KUR URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI.MEŠ / zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-u<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG  «Если Шарур и Шаргаз на жале Скорпиона усиливают (свой) блеск: оружие Аккада будет атаковать. Жало Скорпиона — это великий господин Пабилсаг» [ARAK, 502:7–9], см. также [ibid., 51:1–2, 185:3–5, 370:4–7]. [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> u] <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (глосса: ga-az) / [ša<sub>2</sub> zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB un-nu-tu<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu<sub>2</sub> «[Если Шарур и] Шаргаз [на жале Скор]пиона слабые: […] … падет» [ARAK, 52:–3].
(1) Видимость звезд; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>4</sub> u <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ ša<sub>2</sub> zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu / <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL.MEŠ KUR URI<sup>ki</sup> ZI.MEŠ / zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB EN GAL-u<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>PA.BIL.SAG  «Если Шарур и Шаргаз на жале Скорпиона усиливают (свой) блеск: оружие Аккада будет атаковать. Жало Скорпиона — это великий господин Пабилсаг» [SAA 8, 502:7–9], см. также [ibid., 51:1–2, 185:3–5, 370:4–7]. [DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> u] <sup>d</sup>ŠAR<sub>2</sub>.GAZ (глосса: ga-az) / [ša<sub>2</sub> zi-qit <sup>mul</sup>G]IR<sub>2</sub>.TAB un-nu-tu<sub>2</sub> / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu<sub>2</sub> «[Если Шарур и] Шаргаз [на жале Скор]пиона слабые: […] … падет» [SAA 8, 52:–3].
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Latest revision as of 11:26, 8 January 2026

mulŠAR2.GAZ (𒀯𒄭𒄤) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

  • = mulŠar2-gaz; one of the two stars "on the sting of the Scorpius" (ziqit GIR2.TAB);
  • = υ Scorpii, mentioned always in pair with mulŠar2-ur [Gössman 1950[2], 375; BPO 2[3], 15; Hunger-Pingree 1999[4], 275].

Hoffmann and Krebernik (2023):[5]

Šarur & Šargaz. Pair of warrior gods, originally deified weapons of Ninurta. dŠár-ur4 u dŠár-gaz (EA 12–13r).

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources Identifications
"Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)."

Text Nv. 10.

  • (1) Intercalation scheme: [mulš]ar2.ur4 dšar2.gaz as the stars of Enlil-the stars of AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of tebet, see (Kurtik d05) DI.
  • (2) mul˹dšar2˺.ur4 dšar2.gaz is the star AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA in the month of duuzu, see (Kurtik sh16) ŠU.GI.
LBAT 1502.
  • dšar2-gaz and dšar2-ur4 are the stars of Antashurra, see (Kurtik t01) Tak-ša2-a-ti.
The stars of Ea, Anu, and Enlil.
  • List of the 12 stars of Ea (no. 10): mulšar2.ur4 šar2.gaz [CT[6] 33, 9 r. 19; HBA[7], 104; Horowitz 1998, 176].
"Reports."

See. [SAA 8[8], 352b].

MUL.APIN.
  • For a list of the stars of Ea (no. 12), see (Kurtik g19) GIR2.TAB.
"Great Start List."
  • 7 Celestial Twins: mulšar2.ur4 <u> mulšar2.gaz [Mesop.Astrol.[9], App. B:234]; for a parallel see. [KAR[10], 142 i 31].
Star List V R, 46, 1:32.
  • dšar2.ur u dšar2.gaz = dmuš-te-šir ḫab-lim u d gištukul dša3.zu "Sharur and Shargas = Straightener of the Liar and Weapon of Marduk" [HBA[7], 52:32; Wee 2016[11], 162-3].
GU text.
  • (P) mulšar2.ur mulšar2.gaz [Pingree-Walker 1988[12], BM 78161:26], see (Kurtik g05) GAM-ti.
Dalbanna-text.
  • §s. mulŠar2-ur4 u mul[Šar2-ga]z "Sharur and [Sharga]s" (λ, υ Sco), see (Kurtik L07) LI4.SI9.
  • §t. mulŠar2-ur4 mul˹Šar2-gaz˺, see (Kurtik g32) GU4.ALIM.
Late astrology.

See. [SpTU III[13], 102:16]. See also dšar2.ur4 <u> dšar2.gaz in the list of the 12 city gods of Babylon(?) [Livingstone 1986[14], 54 :2].

Stars within the Constellation Area

id Label IAU design. description Vmag
1 Shaula HIP 85927 within constellation lines 1.63
2 Lesath HIP 85696 within constellation lines 2.65

Additional

Previous Identification.

         = λ or υ Scorpii [Weidner 1957-59[15], 80b; BPO 2[3], 15; MA[16] 138; Mesop.Astrol.[9], 208, App. C].

         = υ Scorpii [Hunger-Pingree 1999[4], 275].

Astrology.

         (1) Visitabilty of the Stars; DIŠ dŠAR2.UR4 u dŠAR2.GAZ ša2 zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu / gišTUKUL.MEŠ KUR URIki ZI.MEŠ / zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB EN GAL-u2 mulPA.BIL.SAG "If Sharur and Shargaz increase (their) brilliance on the sting of the Scorpius: the weapons of Akkad will attack. The sting of the Scorpius is the great lord of Pabilsag." [SAA 8[8], 502:7-9], see also [ibid.[8], 51:1-2, 185:3-5, 370:4-7]. [DIŠ dŠAR2.UR3 u] dŠAR2.GAZ (glossa: ga-az) / [ša2 zi-qit mulG]IR2.TAB un-nu-tu2 / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu2 "[If Sharur and] Shargaz are weak [on the sting of Scor]pion: [...] ... will fall" [SAA 8[8], 52:-3].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, sh05) Gössmann (1950)
= mulŠar2-gaz; одна из двух звезд «на жале Скорпиона» (ziqit GIR2.TAB); = υ Scorpii, упоминается всегда в паре с mulŠar2-ur [Gössman 1950, 375; BPO 2, 15; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 275].

I. Источники.

«Астролябии». Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ea (№ 10): mulšar2.ur4 šar2.gaz [CT 33, 9 r. 19; HBA, 104; Horowitz 1998, 176]. «Рапорты». См. [SAA 8, 352b]. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Эа (№ 12), см. g19GIR2.TAB. «Большой список звезд». 7 Небесных Близнецов: mulšar2.ur4 <u> mulšar2.gaz [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:234]; параллель см. [KAR, 142 i 31]. Список звезд V R, 46, 1:32. dšar2.ur u dšar2.gaz = dmuš-te-šir ḫab-lim u d gištukul dša3.zu «Шарур и Шаргаз = Выпрямитель лжеца и Оружие Мардука» [HBA, 52:32; Wee 2016, 162–3]. GU-текст. (P) mulšar2.ur  mulšar2.gaz [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:26], см. g05GAM-ti. Dalbanna-текст. §с. mulŠar2-ur4 u mul[Šar2-ga]z «Шарур и [Шарга]з» (λ, υ Sco), см. L07LI4.SI9. §t. mulŠar2-ur4 mul˹Šar2-gaz˺, см. g32GU4.ALIM. Текст Nv. 10. (1) Интеркаляционная схема: [mulš]ar2.ur4 dšar2.gaz  как звезды Энлиля — звезды AN.TA.GUB.BA в месяце тебету, см. d05DI. (2) mul˹dšar2˺.ur4 dšar2.gaz — звезда AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA в месяце дуузу, см. sh16ŠU.GI. LBAT 1502. dšar2-gaz и dšar2-ur4 — звезды Анташурра, см. t01tak-ša2-a-ti. Поздняя астрология. См. [SpTU III, 102:16]. См. также dšar2.ur4 <u> dšar2.gaz в списке 12 городских богов Вавилона(?) [Livingstone 1986, 54 :2].

II. Отождествление.

= λ или υ Scorpii [Weidner 1957–59, 80b; BPO 2, 15; MA 138; Mesop.Astrol., 208, App. C].

= υ Scorpii [Hunger-Pingree 1999, 275].

III. Астрология.

(1) Видимость звезд; DIŠ dŠAR2.UR4 u dŠAR2.GAZ ša2 zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB it-ta-na-an-bi-ṭu / gišTUKUL.MEŠ KUR URIki ZI.MEŠ / zi-qit mulGIR2.TAB EN GAL-u2 mulPA.BIL.SAG  «Если Шарур и Шаргаз на жале Скорпиона усиливают (свой) блеск: оружие Аккада будет атаковать. Жало Скорпиона — это великий господин Пабилсаг» [SAA 8, 502:7–9], см. также [ibid., 51:1–2, 185:3–5, 370:4–7]. [DIŠ dŠAR2.UR3 u] dŠAR2.GAZ (глосса: ga-az) / [ša2 zi-qit mulG]IR2.TAB un-nu-tu2 / [xxxx] KI ma-aq-tu2 «[Если Шарур и] Шаргаз [на жале Скор]пиона слабые: […] … падет» [SAA 8, 52:–3].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
  2. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Malibu, Undena Publications, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden/Boston/Köln, Brill 1999 (Handbuch der Orientalistik 44)
  5. ↑ Hoffmann, S. M. and Krebernik, M. (2023). What do deities tell us about the celestial positioning system, in: R. Rollinger, I. Madreiter, M. Lang, C. Pappi (eds.). The Intellectual Heritage of the Ancient Near East, Papers held at the 64th Rencontre Assyriologique International and 12th Melammu Symposium July 16-20 2018, Innsbruck. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 539-579
  6. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  10. ↑ Ebeling E. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts. Bd. I-II. Leipzig 1919, 1920.
  11. ↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
  12. ↑ Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 313-322.
  13. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  14. ↑ Livingstone  A. Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars. Oxford, 1986.
  15. ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
  16. ↑ Hunger, H. and J. M. Steele (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
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