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{{DISPLAYTITLE:U<sub>8</sub>}}
<sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
<sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> (𒀯𒇇) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
==Dictionary==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==


=== Krebernik (2023) ===
=== Krebernik (2023) ===
Line 6: Line 7:


===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
= mullaḫru, mulimmertu "sheep." [G. 232; BPO 2]; star or group of stars in the northeastern portion of the Herdsman (Bootes) (?).
= ''mullaḫru, mulimmertu'' "sheep." [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 232; BPO 2<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>]; star or group of stars in the northeastern portion of the Herdsman (Bootes) (?).

==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
Line 12: Line 15:
!Identifications
!Identifications
|-
|-
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
List of the stars of Enlil (no. 17): MUL ša<sub>2</sub> ina SAG.KI <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA GUB-zu <sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> <sup>d</sup>A-a "The asterism that stands at the front of the Wagon, the Sheep of Ay" (I i 18) [MA, 23].
* List of the stars of Enlil (no. 17): MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' SAG.KI <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> <sup>d</sup>''A-a'' "The asterism that stands at the front of the Wagon, the Sheep of Ay" (I i 18) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 23].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''MLC 1866.'''
|'''MLC 1866.'''
MUL ša<sub>2</sub> ina SAG.KI <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA [GUB-zu] / <sup>mul</sup>im-mer-tu<sub>4</sub> [...] "The asterism that [stands] in front of the Wagon / Sheep [...]" (col. iii 20-21) [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 37, 41], see also m08[[MAR.GID2.DA|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA]].
* MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' SAG.KI <sup>mul</sup>MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA [GUB-''zu''] / <sup>mul</sup>''im-mer-tu''<sub>4</sub> [...] "The asterism that [stands] in front of the Wagon / Sheep [...]" (col. iii 20-21) [Beaulieu et al. 2018<ref>Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.</ref>, 37, 41], see also (Kurtik m08) [[MAR.GID2.DA|MAR.GID<sub>2</sub>.DA]].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''List of "6 palace women".'''
|'''List of "6 palace women".'''
<sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> <sup>d</sup>A-a "Sheep of Ay," see a02[[A.EDIN]].
* <sup>mul</sup>U<sub>8</sub> <sup>d</sup>''A-a'' "Sheep of Ay," see (Kurtik a02) [[A.EDIN]].
|
|
|}
|}
[[File:U CH Screenshot 2025-11-29 154518.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside U8 (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]


====Stars within the Constellation Area====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
|-
!id
!Label
!IAU design.
! description
! Vmag
|-
|1
| 24 UMa
|HIP 46977
|Constellation lines
|4.57
|-
|2
|ρ Ursae Majoris
|HIP 44390
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.76
|-
|3
|σ 2 Ursae Majoris
|HIP 45038
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
| 4.8
|-
|4
|* sig02 UMa A
|HIP 45038
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.813
|-
|5
|ET UMa
|HIP 50933
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.93
|-
|6
| -
| HIP 52425
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|4.992
|-
|7
| -
| HIP 52353
|Constellation lines (Vertex)
|5.12
|-
|8
|27 UMa
| HIP 47654
| Constellation lines (Vertex)
|5.142
|-
|9
| -
|HIP 47594
|Inside the Hull
|5.717
|-
|10
| -
|HIP 52338
|Inside the Hull
|5.729
|-
|11
|EN UMa
|HIP 50685
|Inside the Hull
|5.9
|-
|12
| -
|HIP 47401
| Inside the Hull
|5.947
|-
|13
|35 UMa
|HIP 51401
|Inside the Hull
|6.309
|}
===Additional===
===Additional===
         '''II. Deity.'''


==== II. Deity. ====
         Akkadian goddess Ay (Sum. <sup>d</sup>Še<sub>3</sub>.ri.da, <sup>d</sup>Še<sub>3</sub>.ri<sub>5</sub>.da), regarded as the "bride" (kallātum) or wife (ḫīrtum) of Shamash, the sun-god. She was honored along with Shamash at Sippar and Larsa. Her astral character as "goddess of light" or "sky goddess" is emphasized in the AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum series (III 126-134) and AN:Anu ša amēli (46) [Litke 1998, 131-132, 231; Tallqvist 1938, 245; Roberts 1972, 14b 68], see also n38[[NIN|<sup>d</sup>NIN]]. MUL.SI<sub>4</sub>.A. Ay's sheep is mentioned as an independent deity in one of the lists of gods associated with the AN:<sup>d</sup>Anum series: <sup>d la-ḫar</sup>U<sub>8</sub> = ŠU [CT 25, 20:4], no explicit reference to Ay, however.
         Akkadian goddess Ay (Sum. <sup>d</sup>Še<sub>3</sub>.ri.da, <sup>d</sup>Še<sub>3</sub>.ri<sub>5</sub>.da), regarded as the "bride" (''kallātum'') or wife (''ḫīrtum'') of Shamash, the sun-god. She was honored along with Shamash at Sippar and Larsa. Her astral character as "goddess of light" or "sky goddess" is emphasized in the AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' series (III 126-134) and AN:''Anu ša amēli'' (46) [Litke 1998<ref>''Litke R.L''. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu ša<sub>2</sub> amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).</ref>, 131-132, 231; Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist  K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 245; Roberts 1972<ref>''Roberts J.J.M''. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.</ref>, 14b 68], see also (Kurtik n38) [[NIN.MUL.SI4.A|<sup>d</sup>NIN.MUL.SI<sub>4</sub>.A]]. Ay's sheep is mentioned as an independent deity in one of the lists of gods associated with the AN:<sup>d</sup>''Anum'' series: <sup>d la-ḫar</sup>U<sub>8</sub> = ŠU [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 25, 20:4], no explicit reference to Ay, however.

         '''III. Symbol.'''


==== III. Symbol. ====
         If the assumption that we are dealing with a constellation is correct, its figure was undoubtedly the image of a sheep.
         If the assumption that we are dealing with a constellation is correct, its figure was undoubtedly the image of a sheep.


         '''IV. Identification.'''
==== IV. Identification. ====
         = η Ursae Majoris (?) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 232; Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 81a].

         = η Ursae Majoris (?) [G. 232; Weidner 1957-59, 81a].


         = northeastern part of the Herdsman (Bootes) (?) [MA, 137; ASM, 272].
         = northeastern part of the Herdsman (Bootes) (?) [MA<ref>Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 137; Hunger-Pingree 1999<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 272].


==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, u03)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|-
|= <sup>mul</sup>laḫru, mulimmertu «Овца» [G. 232; BPO 2]; звезда или группа звезд в северо-восточной части Волопаса (Bootes) (?).
|= <sup>mul</sup>laḫru, mulimmertu «Овца» [Gössmann 1950, 232; BPO 2]; звезда или группа звезд в северо-восточной части Волопаса (Bootes) (?).
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Line 61: Line 151:
III. Отождествление.
III. Отождествление.


= η Ursae Majoris (?) [G. 232; Weidner 1957–59, 81a].
= η Ursae Majoris (?) [Gössmann 1950, 232; Weidner 1957–59, 81a].


= северо-восточная часть Волопаса (Bootes) (?) [MA, 137; ASM, 272].
= северо-восточная часть Волопаса (Bootes) (?) [MA, 137; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 272].
|Example
|Example
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 12:33, 24 December 2025

mulU8 (𒀯𒇇) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Krebernik (2023)

= laḫru “ewe”. mulU8 (EN 18r).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= mullaḫru, mulimmertu "sheep." [Gössmann[1] 232; BPO 2[2]]; star or group of stars in the northeastern portion of the Herdsman (Bootes) (?).

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources Identifications
MUL.APIN.
  • List of the stars of Enlil (no. 17): MUL ša2 ina SAG.KI mulMAR.GID2.DA GUB-zu mulU8 dA-a "The asterism that stands at the front of the Wagon, the Sheep of Ay" (I i 18) [MA[3], 23].
MLC 1866.
  • MUL ša2 ina SAG.KI mulMAR.GID2.DA [GUB-zu] / mulim-mer-tu4 [...] "The asterism that [stands] in front of the Wagon / Sheep [...]" (col. iii 20-21) [Beaulieu et al. 2018[4], 37, 41], see also (Kurtik m08) MAR.GID2.DA.
List of "6 palace women".
  • mulU8 dA-a "Sheep of Ay," see (Kurtik a02) A.EDIN.
Convex Hull for the stars inside U8 (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).

Stars within the Constellation Area

id Label IAU design. description Vmag
1 24 UMa HIP 46977 Constellation lines 4.57
2 ρ Ursae Majoris HIP 44390 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.76
3 σ 2 Ursae Majoris HIP 45038 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.8
4 * sig02 UMa A HIP 45038 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.813
5 ET UMa HIP 50933 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.93
6 - HIP 52425 Constellation lines (Vertex) 4.992
7 - HIP 52353 Constellation lines (Vertex) 5.12
8 27 UMa HIP 47654 Constellation lines (Vertex) 5.142
9 - HIP 47594 Inside the Hull 5.717
10 - HIP 52338 Inside the Hull 5.729
11 EN UMa HIP 50685 Inside the Hull 5.9
12 - HIP 47401 Inside the Hull 5.947
13 35 UMa HIP 51401 Inside the Hull 6.309

Additional

II. Deity.

         Akkadian goddess Ay (Sum. dŠe3.ri.da, dŠe3.ri5.da), regarded as the "bride" (kallātum) or wife (ḫīrtum) of Shamash, the sun-god. She was honored along with Shamash at Sippar and Larsa. Her astral character as "goddess of light" or "sky goddess" is emphasized in the AN:dAnum series (III 126-134) and AN:Anu ša amēli (46) [Litke 1998[5], 131-132, 231; Tallqvist 1938[6], 245; Roberts 1972[7], 14b 68], see also (Kurtik n38) dNIN.MUL.SI4.A. Ay's sheep is mentioned as an independent deity in one of the lists of gods associated with the AN:dAnum series: d la-ḫarU8 = ŠU [CT[8] 25, 20:4], no explicit reference to Ay, however.

III. Symbol.

         If the assumption that we are dealing with a constellation is correct, its figure was undoubtedly the image of a sheep.

IV. Identification.

         = η Ursae Majoris (?) [Gössmann[9] 232; Weidner 1957-59[10], 81a].

         = northeastern part of the Herdsman (Bootes) (?) [MA[11], 137; Hunger-Pingree 1999[12], 272].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, u03) Gössmann (1950)
= mullaḫru, mulimmertu «Овца» [Gössmann 1950, 232; BPO 2]; звезда или группа звезд в северо-восточной части Волопаса (Bootes) (?).

I. Источники.

MUL.APIN. Список звезд Энлиля (№ 17): MUL ša2 ina SAG.KI mulMAR.GID2.DA GUB-zu mulU8 dA-a «Звезда, которая стоит на передке Повозки, Овца Айи» (I i 18) [MA, 23]. MLC 1866. MUL ša2 ina SAG.KI mulMAR.GID2.DA [GUB-zu] / mulim-mer-tu4 […] «Звезда, которая на передке Повозки [стоит] / Овца […]» (col. iii 20–21) [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 37, 41], см. также m08MAR.GID2.DA. Список «6 дворцовых женщин». mulU8 dA-a «Овца Айи», см. a02A.EDIN.

II. Божество.

Аккадская богиня Айа (шум. dŠe3.ri.da, dŠe3.ri5.da), считалась «невестой» (kallātum) или женой (ḫīrtum) Шамаша, бога Солнца. Почиталась вместе с Шамашем в Сиппаре и Ларсе. Ее астральный характер «богини света» или «небесной богини» подчеркивается в серии AN:dAnum (III 126–134) и AN:Anu ša amēli (46) [Litke 1998, 131–132, 231; Tallqvist 1938, 245; Roberts 1972, 14б 68], см. также n38dNIN.MUL.SI4.A. Овца Айи упоминается как самостоятельное божество в одном из списков богов, связанных с серией AN:dAnum: d la-ḫarU8 = ŠU [CT 25, 20:4], явная ссылка на Айю, впрочем, отсутствует.

III. Символ.

Если верно предположение о том, что мы имеем дело с созвездием, то его фигурой, несомненно, было изображение овцы.

III. Отождествление.

= η Ursae Majoris (?) [Gössmann 1950, 232; Weidner 1957–59, 81a].

= северо-восточная часть Волопаса (Bootes) (?) [MA, 137; Hunger-Pingree 1999, 272].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  2. ↑ Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  3. ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  4. ↑ Beaulieu, P.-A., Frahm, E., Horowitz, W. & Steele, J. (2018), The Cuneiform Uranology Texts: Drawing the Constellations, American Philosophical Society Press, Philadelphia, USA.
  5. ↑ Litke R.L. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-Lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu ša2 amēli. New Haven, 1998 (Texts from the Babylonian Collection, Vol. 3).
  6. ↑ Tallqvist  K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
  7. ↑ Roberts J.J.M. The Earliest Semitic Pantheon. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins Univ. Press. 1972.
  8. ↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
  9. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  10. ↑ Weidner E. mul gir2.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
  11. ↑ Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
  12. ↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
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