GAN2.UR3: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:57, 18 December 2025

^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ (𒀯𒄑𒃷𒃡) = ^(mul)Maškakātu, 'The Harrow', is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the shape of the farming implement, the harrow.

Concordance, Etymology, History^[1]

^mulGAN₂.UR₃
"Harrow" [BPO 2^[2], 11; Gössmann^[3] 66];

A constellation which included the eastern part of the Sails (Vela) and possibly part of the Centaurus (Centaurus).

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources	Identifications
Lexic. texts. Urra XXII series: ^mulgiš.gan₂.ur₃ = maš-ka-ka-ti/tu₂ [SpTU III^[4], 114A v 44; Bloch-Horowitz 2015^[5], 109:301ʹ].	Example
EAE. See. [BPO 2^[2], II 12e-f; BPO 3^[6], K.2226+:ii 40; Borger 1973^[7], LB 1321 r. 17′; SpTU III^[4], 101:27].	Example
MUL.APIN. List of stars of Ea (no. 6): MUL ša₂ ina A₂-šu₂ GUB-zu ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ ^gišTUKUL ša₂ ^dMār(A)-bīti(E₂) (in [Gössmann^[3] 17], ^dA.MAL) / ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ABZU i-bar-ru-u₂ "Constellation, which with it (ie. i.e. Entenabarguz) stands the Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, within which Apsu can be seen" (I ii 23-24) [MA^[8], 36-37]. List of stars VR 46, 1:25. ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ ^gištukul ša₂ ^dA.E₂ ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ABZU igi.kar₂ "The Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, in which Apsu is seen" [HBA^[9], 52; Wee 2016^[10], 163-3].
GU-text. (I) ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ "Harrow bite" (μ Vel) [Pingree-Walker 1988^[11], BM 78161:14-15]; see also (Kurtik u17) UR.A.
Great Star List (Appendix) (Fincke and Horowitz, forthcoming)

See also: ^{mul giš}GAN₂.ur₃ u ^mulAPIN idi šūti [izzazzu] "The Harrow and the Pole stands in the south" (K.6211:9, K.6185 r.14), quoted in [CAD^[12] M/1, 368], (Fincke and Horowitz forthcoming: BM 35408 ii 6', BM 82865 6').

Convex Hull for the stars inside GAN2.UR3 (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).

Stars within the Constellation Area


id	Label	IAU design.	description	Vmag
1	Miaplacidus	HIP 45238	Constellation lines (Vertex)	1.69
2	γ 2 Velorum	HIP 39953	Constellation lines (Vertex)	1.83
3	ϵ Carinae	HIP 41037	Constellation lines	1.86
4	Avior A	HIP 41037	Constellation lines (Vertex)	2.01
5	Suhail	HIP 44816	Constellation lines (Vertex)	2.21
6	Aspidiske	HIP 45556	Inside the Hull	2.26
7	Markeb	HIP 45941	Inside the Hull	2.473
8	μ Velorum	HIP 52727	Constellation lines	2.69
9	θ Carinae	HIP 52419	Constellation lines (Vertex)	2.76
10	υ Carinae	HIP 48002	Inside the Hull	2.99
11	-	HIP 46701	Inside the Hull	3.139
12	ASAS J091626-6728.7	ASAS J091626-6728.7	Inside the Hull	3.27
13	p Car	HIP 51576	Inside the Hull	3.27
14	V337 Car	HIP 50371	Inside the Hull	3.35
15	a Car	HIP 45080	Inside the Hull	3.4
16	ϕ Velorum	HIP 48774	Inside the Hull	3.45
17	ο Velorum	HIP 42536	Inside the Hull	3.63
18	-	HIP 44511	Inside the Hull	3.75
19	l Car	HIP 47854	Inside the Hull	3.75
20	-	HIP 43783	Inside the Hull	3.8
21	-	HIP 42570	Inside the Hull	3.81
22	-	HIP 51232	Inside the Hull	3.81
23	Avior B	HIP 41037	Constellation lines	3.85
24	-	HIP 43023	Inside the Hull	3.91
25	-	HIP 45101	Inside the Hull	3.943
26	α Volantis	HIP 44382	Inside the Hull	3.99
27	-	HIP 46974	Inside the Hull	4.09
28	NGC 3114	NGC 3114	Inside the Hull	4.2
29	-	HIP 52154	Inside the Hull	4.267
30	IC 2581	IC 2581	Inside the Hull	4.3
31	V343 Car	HIP 42568	Inside the Hull	4.313
32	-	HIP 45496	Inside the Hull	4.318
33	-	HIP 47175	Inside the Hull	4.35
34	-	HIP 51849	Inside the Hull	4.43
35	V344 Car	HIP 43105	Inside the Hull	4.49
36	-	HIP 47391	Inside the Hull	4.498
37	MV Vel	HIP 50676	Inside the Hull	4.51
38	GZ Vel	HIP 50555	Inside the Hull	4.543
39	V520 Car	HIP 52468	Inside the Hull	4.545
40	-	HIP 48374	Inside the Hull	4.58
41	IC 2395	IC 2395	Inside the Hull	4.6
42	V399 Car	HIP 51192	Inside the Hull	4.7
43	H Vel	HIP 43878	Inside the Hull	4.723
44	-	HIP 42624	Inside the Hull	4.77
45	-	HIP 45856	Inside the Hull	4.8
46	HY Vel	HIP 42726	Inside the Hull	4.815
47	-	HIP 41039	Inside the Hull	4.82
48	-	HIP 49712	Inside the Hull	4.845
49	-	HIP 42134	Inside the Hull	4.847
50	-	HIP 52102	Inside the Hull	4.87
51	-	HIP 51523	Inside the Hull	4.89
52	V376 Car	HIP 43937	Inside the Hull	4.895
53	-	HIP 43347	Inside the Hull	4.935
54	GX Vel	HIP 45085	Inside the Hull	5
55	-	HIP 42088	Inside the Hull	5.01
56	-	HIP 46950	Inside the Hull	5.03
57	GU Vel	HIP 41483	Inside the Hull	5.073
58	-	HIP 51912	Inside the Hull	5.088
59	-	HIP 46283	Inside the Hull	5.089
60	-	HIP 45505	Inside the Hull	5.094
61	KX Vel	HIP 43413	Inside the Hull	5.11
62	-	HIP 46914	Inside the Hull	5.12
63	FZ Vel	HIP 44093	Inside the Hull	5.146
64	-	HIP 42834	Inside the Hull	5.16
65	-	HIP 44143	Inside the Hull	5.16
66	* B Vel A	HIP 41039	Inside the Hull	5.17
67	-	HIP 41296	Inside the Hull	5.17
68	NZ Vel	HIP 42504	Inside the Hull	5.19
69	-	HR 3976	Inside the Hull	5.22
70	LN Vel	HIP 42679	Inside the Hull	5.227
71	-	HIP 42129	Inside the Hull	5.234
72	-	HIP 45328	Inside the Hull	5.254
73	-	HIP 45631	Inside the Hull	5.254
74	-	HIP 49698	Inside the Hull	5.258
75	LW Vel	HIP 50070	Inside the Hull	5.265
76	-	HIP 51313	Inside the Hull	5.27
77	-	HIP 43671	Inside the Hull	5.302
78	-	HIP 47479	Inside the Hull	5.307
79	-	HIP 45571	Inside the Hull	5.39
80	-	HIP 42459	Inside the Hull	5.439
81	-	HIP 52004	Inside the Hull	5.45
82	OP Vel	HIP 43082	Inside the Hull	5.459
83	-	HIP 46594	Inside the Hull	5.46
84	-	HIP 47204	Inside the Hull	5.467
85	HX Vel	HIP 42712	Inside the Hull	5.468
86	KT Vel	HIP 42715	Inside the Hull	5.474
87	Cl Trumpler 14	Cl Trumpler 14	Inside the Hull	5.5
88	-	HIP 52405	Inside the Hull	5.51
89	-	HIP 40282	Inside the Hull	5.514
90	-	HIP 45219	Inside the Hull	5.532
91	* 33 Vel A	HIP 41616	Inside the Hull	5.535
92	-	HIP 47717	Inside the Hull	5.544
93	-	HIP 51140	Inside the Hull	5.546
94	-	HR 3817	Inside the Hull	5.56
95	-	HIP 48310	Inside the Hull	5.56
96	-	HR 3605	Inside the Hull	5.57
97	* mu. Vel B	HIP 52727	Constellation lines (Vertex)	5.58
98	-	HIP 43499	Inside the Hull	5.59
99	-	HIP 45920	Inside the Hull	5.608
100	-	HIP 42535	Inside the Hull	5.61
101	-	HIP 48348	Inside the Hull	5.617
102	-	HIP 50520	Inside the Hull	5.67
103	-	HIP 43797	Inside the Hull	5.698
104	-	HIP 48613	Inside the Hull	5.705
105	S Car	HIP 49751	Inside the Hull	5.71
106	-	HIP 48287	Inside the Hull	5.711
107	-	HIP 45962	Inside the Hull	5.729
108	-	HIP 43148	Inside the Hull	5.748
109	-	HIP 49934	Inside the Hull	5.75
110	-	HIP 43669	Inside the Hull	5.768
111	-	HIP 45122	Inside the Hull	5.769
112	-	HIP 46225	Inside the Hull	5.77
113	-	HIP 48339	Inside the Hull	5.778
114	-	HIP 44256	Inside the Hull	5.78
115	-	HIP 42177	Inside the Hull	5.782
116	-	HIP 47498	Inside the Hull	5.794
117	-	HIP 50493	Inside the Hull	5.8
118	-	HIP 40077	Inside the Hull	5.806
119	-	HIP 45314	Inside the Hull	5.85
120	-	HIP 44024	Inside the Hull	5.876
121	V514 Car	HIP 52043	Inside the Hull	5.876
122	-	HIP 42614	Inside the Hull	5.879
123	-	HR 4020	Inside the Hull	5.88
124	-	HIP 46460	Inside the Hull	5.886
125	-	HIP 41081	Inside the Hull	5.887
126	V482 Car	HIP 46620	Inside the Hull	5.888
127	-	HIP 43589	Inside the Hull	5.889
128	-	HIP 46482	Inside the Hull	5.904
129	-	HIP 50078	Inside the Hull	5.91
130	-	HIP 45270	Inside the Hull	5.92
131	-	HIP 49164	Inside the Hull	5.928
132	LR Vel	HIP 45675	Inside the Hull	5.93
133	-	HIP 50993	Inside the Hull	5.93
134	V335 Vel	HIP 48527	Inside the Hull	5.932
135	-	HIP 40932	Inside the Hull	5.954
136	-	HIP 41674	Inside the Hull	5.969
137	-	HIP 52127	Inside the Hull	5.979
138	-	HIP 47559	Inside the Hull	5.98
139	-	HIP 46101	Inside the Hull	5.988
140	* ups Car B	HR 3891	Inside the Hull	5.99
141	-	HIP 45418	Inside the Hull	5.993
142	-	HIP 43620	Inside the Hull	5.998
143	-	HIP 51623	Inside the Hull	6.006
144	-	HIP 41861	Inside the Hull	6.021
145	-	HR 3386	Inside the Hull	6.03
146	-	HIP 46328	Inside the Hull	6.039
147	-	HIP 45481	Inside the Hull	6.04
148	-	HIP 41373	Inside the Hull	6.041
149	-	HIP 48119	Inside the Hull	6.047
150	-	HIP 48835	Inside the Hull	6.05
151	-	HD 92463	Inside the Hull	6.06
152	-	HIP 44708	Inside the Hull	6.081
153	-	HIP 46093	Inside the Hull	6.086
154	-	HIP 51245	Inside the Hull	6.086
155	-	HIP 50044	Inside the Hull	6.087
156	* B Vel B	HIP 41039	Inside the Hull	6.1
157	NGC 2669	NGC 2669	Inside the Hull	6.1
158	R Car	HIP 46806	Inside the Hull	6.1
159	-	HR 3840	Inside the Hull	6.1
160	IV Vel	HIP 48799	Inside the Hull	6.115
161	-	HIP 50232	Inside the Hull	6.134
162	V478 Car	HIP 45615	Inside the Hull	6.136
163	-	HIP 49994	Inside the Hull	6.147
164	IP Vel	HIP 47694	Inside the Hull	6.168
165	-	HIP 47172	Inside the Hull	6.177
166	-	HIP 49137	Inside the Hull	6.181
167	-	HIP 46067	Inside the Hull	6.188
168	-	HIP 49233	Inside the Hull	6.19
169	-	HIP 49160	Inside the Hull	6.191
170	Cl Bochum 10	Cl Bochum 10	Inside the Hull	6.2
171	-	HR 3817	Inside the Hull	6.21
172	-	HIP 47913	Inside the Hull	6.211
173	-	HIP 45002	Inside the Hull	6.22
174	-	HIP 50287	Inside the Hull	6.22
175	-	HIP 41986	Inside the Hull	6.221
176	-	HIP 47145	Inside the Hull	6.23
177	-	HIP 51732	Inside the Hull	6.238
178	-	HIP 49394	Inside the Hull	6.24
179	-	HIP 42717	Inside the Hull	6.243
180	-	HR 4065	Inside the Hull	6.25
181	-	HIP 46737	Inside the Hull	6.255
182	-	HIP 43807	Inside the Hull	6.26
183	-	HR 3840	Inside the Hull	6.26
184	-	HIP 51676	Inside the Hull	6.26
185	-	HIP 46045	Inside the Hull	6.264
186	-	HIP 46049	Inside the Hull	6.265
187	-	HIP 43195	Inside the Hull	6.266
188	-	HIP 45742	Inside the Hull	6.268
189	GY Vel	HIP 50332	Inside the Hull	6.3
190	-	HIP 50562	Inside the Hull	6.3
191	C 1033-598	C 1033-598	Inside the Hull	6.3
192	-	HIP 45437	Inside the Hull	6.311
193	-	HIP 52160	Inside the Hull	6.314
194	-	HIP 45603	Inside the Hull	6.319
195	V486 Car	HIP 47591	Inside the Hull	6.32
196	-	HIP 50916	Inside the Hull	6.325
197	-	HIP 41813	Inside the Hull	6.333
198	-	HIP 41653	Inside the Hull	6.346
199	-	HR 3971	Inside the Hull	6.35
200	-	HIP 50785	Inside the Hull	6.35
201	V473 Car	HIP 43763	Inside the Hull	6.353
202	-	HIP 44665	Inside the Hull	6.355
203	-	HIP 45214	Inside the Hull	6.358
204	-	HIP 49223	Inside the Hull	6.371
205	-	HIP 41781	Inside the Hull	6.373
206	-	HIP 44423	Inside the Hull	6.377
207	-	HIP 48730	Inside the Hull	6.377
208	-	HIP 49619	Inside the Hull	6.384
209	V368 Car	HIP 49926	Inside the Hull	6.4
210	-	HIP 51461	Inside the Hull	6.401
211	-	HIP 47422	Inside the Hull	6.403
212	-	HIP 50067	Inside the Hull	6.41
213	-	HIP 49092	Inside the Hull	6.412
214	-	HIP 51984	Inside the Hull	6.417
215	-	HIP 40433	Inside the Hull	6.418
216	-	HIP 51327	Inside the Hull	6.418
217	WR 22	HIP 52308	Inside the Hull	6.42
218	V507 Car	HIP 51265	Inside the Hull	6.426
219	-	HIP 51866	Inside the Hull	6.43
220	-	HIP 42400	Inside the Hull	6.431
221	-	HIP 44509	Inside the Hull	6.438
222	-	HIP 40749	Inside the Hull	6.44
223	V469 Car	HIP 41644	Inside the Hull	6.44
224	-	HIP 44565	Inside the Hull	6.44
225	V495 Car	HIP 49642	Inside the Hull	6.44
226	-	HIP 50069	Inside the Hull	6.46
227	-	HIP 50520	Inside the Hull	6.46
228	V487 Car	HIP 47893	Inside the Hull	6.471
229	-	HIP 44979	Inside the Hull	6.476
230	-	HIP 42440	Inside the Hull	6.48
231	-	HIP 52103	Inside the Hull	6.48
232	WR 24	HIP 52488	Inside the Hull	6.48
233	-	HIP 41905	Inside the Hull	6.481
234	-	HIP 41426	Inside the Hull	6.49
235	QZ Vel	HIP 48469	Inside the Hull	6.491
236	-	HIP 49477	Inside the Hull	6.492

Additional

Deity.

The epithet mār bīti, used in MUL.APIN in connection with the Harrow, had two serpent deities venerated in Der: Šaḫan (the correct reading is Irḫan [McEwan 1983^[13], 223; Krebernik 1984^[14], 298ff.]), and Nirah (^dNiraḫ ilu šu-pu-u₂ mār bīti ša₂ ^uruDe-e-erki "Nirah, the brilliant god, prince of Der" [McEwan 1983^[13], 222, note 31]), see also [Tallqvist 1938^[15], 120, 440]. Could one claim on this basis that the Harrow constellation was associated with one of these deities? The name ^(giš)gan₂.ur₃ as a royal name is given in the "Sumerian King List", in the section related to Kish, see [Jacobsen 1939, 76-77:43-45; Hallo 1963^[16], 52].

Symbol.

Unknown. For a description on the designs of the harrow used in tilling the fields in ancient Mesopotamia, see [Salonen 1968^[17], 109-115].

Previous Identification.

= Crux [Gössmann^[3] 66];

= Ara (?) [Weidner 1957-59^[18], 79];

= eastern part of Vela [MA^[8], 138; ASM^[19], 273].

Parts of the constellation.

ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}GAN₂. “Harrow’s bite,” see above.

Astrology.*

Identifications:

(1) = Mercury; ^mulgan₂.ur₃ = ^dudu.idim.gu₄.ud " [CT^[20] 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 1].

Predictions:

(2) Goat (=Venus) reaches the Harrow (=Mercury); ^mulUZ₃ ^mulGAN₂.UR₃ KUR-ud ina MU BI ŠUB-tim AB₂.GU[D.ḪI.A.. "The goat reaches Harrow: there will be an epidemic among the cattle this year." [BPO 2^[2], II 12e], see also [Borger 1973^[7], 41:17′; SpTU III^[4], 101: 27].

(3) Goat (=Venus) reaches Harrow (=Mercury) from the south; [DIŠ ^mulUZ₃^?] ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ A₂ IM.U_x.LU KUR-ud ina MU BI AB₂.GUD.ḪI.A U₈.UDU.ḪI.A ŠUB.ME "[If the Goat] reaches the Harrow from the south: in this year herds of cattle and small cattle will die" [BPO 3^[6], 94, K.2226+:ii 40], for parallels see. [BPO 2^[2], II 12f ]. See also [ACh Suppl.^[21] 2, 54:6-7].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, g08)	Gössmann (1950)
вар.: ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃.(RA); = maškakātu «Борона» [BPO 2, 11; G. 66]; созвездие, включавшее восточную часть Парусов (Vela) и, возможно, часть Центавра (Centaurus). I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. Серия Urra XXII: ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ = maš-ka-ka-ti/tu₂ [SpTU III, 114A v 44; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 109:301ʹ]. EAE. Cм. [BPO 2, II 12e–f; BPO 3, K.2226+:ii 40; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 17′; SpTU III, 101:27]. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Эа (№ 6): MUL ša₂ ina A₂-šu₂ GUB-zu ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ ^gišTUKUL ša₂ ^dMār(A)-bīti(E₂) (в [G. 17] – ^dA.MAL) / ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ZU:AB i-bar-ru-u₂ «Созвездие, которое с его (т.е. Энтенабархума) стороны стоит, Борона, оружие Марбити, внутри которого Апсу можно увидеть» (I ii 23–24) [MA, 36–37]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:25. ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ ^gištukul ša₂ ^dA.E₂ ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ABZU igi.kar₂ «Борона, оружие Марбити, в котором Апсу видно» [HBA, 52; Wee 2016, 163–3]. GU-текст. (I) ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ «Укус Бороны» (μ Vel) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:14–15]; cм. также u17UR.A. См. также: ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ u ^mulAPIN idi šūti [izzazzu] «Борона и Поле на юге стоят» (K.6211:9, K.6185 r.14), цит. по [CAD M/1, 368]. II. Божество. Эпитет mār bīti, используемый в MUL.APIN в связи с Бороной, имели два змеиных божества, почитавшихся в Дере: Šaḫan (правильное чтение Irḫan [McEvan 1983, 223; Krebernik 1984, 298ff.]), и Нирах (^dNiraḫ ilu šu-pu-u₂ mār bīti ša₂ ^uruDe-e-erki «Нирах, блистательный бог, принц Дера» [McEvan 1983, 222, note 31]), см. также [Tallqvist 1938, 120, 440]. Можно ли утверждать на этом основании, что созвездие Борона было связано с одним из этих божеств? Название ^(giš)gan₂.ur₃ как царское имя приводится в «Шумерском царском списке», в части, относящейся к Кишу, см. [Jacobsen 1939, 76–77:43–45; Hallo 1963, 52]. III. Символ. Неизвестен. Описание конструкций бороны, употреблявшихся при обработке полей в древней Месопотамии, см. [Salonen 1968, 109–115]. IV. Отождествление. = Crux [G. 66]; = Ara (?) [Weidner 1957–59, 79]; = восточная часть Vela [MA, 138; ASM, 273]. V. Части созвездия. ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ «Укус Бороны», см. выше. VI. Астрология. Отождествления: (1) = Меркурий; ^mulgan₂.ur₃ = dudu.idim.gu₄.ud «Борона = Меркурий» [CT 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 1]. Предсказания: (2) Коза (=Венера) достигает Бороны (=Меркурий); ^mulUZ₃ ^mulGAN₂.UR₃ KUR-ud ina MU BI ŠUB-tim AB₂.GU[D.ḪI.A... «Коза достигает Бороны: в этом году будет эпидемия среди скота» [BPO 2, II 12e], см. также [Borger 1973, 41:17′; SpTU III, 101: 27]. (3) Коза (=Венера) достигает Бороны (=Меркурий) с юга; [DIŠ ^mulUZ₃?] ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ A₂ IM.U_x.LU KUR-ud ina MU BI AB₂.GUD.ḪI.A U₈.UDU.ḪI.A ŠUB.ME «[Если Коза] достигает Бороны с юга: в этом году стада крупного и мелкого рогатого скота погибнут» [BPO 3, 94, K.2226+:ii 40], параллели см. [BPO 2, II 12f ]. См. также [ACh Suppl. 2, 54:6–7].	Example
Kurtik (2022, m21) ^(mul)Maškakātu
^(mul)Maškakātu
аккадская параллель к ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ «Борона»; созвездие, соответствующее восточной части Парусов и части Центавра. Силлабическая запись встречается в поздних копиях серии Urra XXII; см. g08GAN₂.UR₃.

References

Kurtik's references

↑ Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
↑ Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Borger R. Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
↑ Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.
↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 McEwan G.J.P. ^dMUŠ and Related Matters // Or. 1983. Vol. 52, Fasc. 2. P. 215-229.
↑ Krebernik M. Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla. Hildesheim-Zürich-N.Y., 1984
↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
↑ Hallo W.W. Beginning and End of the Sumerian King List in the Nippur Recension // JCS. 1963. Vol. 17. P.
↑ Salonen A. Agricultura Mesopotamica. Helsinki, 1968.
↑ Weidner E. mul gir₂.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
↑ Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)

[1] Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0, All Skies Encyclopaedia.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).

[:2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.

[5] Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.

[:3-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.

[:4-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Borger R. Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.

[:5-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY

[9] Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.

[10] Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.

[11] Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.

[12] The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...

[:6-13] 13.0 ^13.1 McEwan G.J.P. ^dMUŠ and Related Matters // Or. 1983. Vol. 52, Fasc. 2. P. 215-229.

[14] Krebernik M. Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla. Hildesheim-Zürich-N.Y., 1984

[15] Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.

[16] Hallo W.W. Beginning and End of the Sumerian King List in the Nippur Recension // JCS. 1963. Vol. 17. P.

[17] Salonen A. Agricultura Mesopotamica. Helsinki, 1968.

[18] Weidner E. mul gir₂.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].

[19] Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.

[20] Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

[21] Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)

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Anonymous

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GAN2.UR3: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 11:57, 18 December 2025

Contents

Concordance, Etymology, History^[1]

Sources and Identification(s)

Stars within the Constellation Area

Additional

Deity.

Symbol.

Previous Identification.

Parts of the constellation.

Astrology.*

Historical Dictionaries

^(mul)Maškakātu

References

Navigation

Translate

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Important Stars and Asterisms

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@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒄑𒃷𒃡)  = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Maškakātu,'' 'The Harrow', is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the shape of the farming implement, the harrow.
-==Concordance, Etymology, History==
+==Concordance, Etymology, History<ref>[[Mesopotamian (All Terms)|Planetarium Babylonicum 2.0]], All Skies Encyclopaedia.</ref>==
-===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
 * <sup>mul</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub>
 * "Harrow" [BPO 2<ref name=":0">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann<ref name=":1">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 66];
@@ Line 43: / Line 42: @@
 |}
 See also: <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>APIN ''idi šūti'' [''izzazzu''] "The Harrow and the Pole stands in the south" (K.6211:9, K.6185 r.14), quoted in [CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 368], (Fincke and Horowitz forthcoming:  BM 35408 ii 6', BM 82865 6').
+[[File:GISGANUR Screenshot 2025-11-30 181652.png|thumb|Convex Hull for the stars inside GAN2.UR3 (CC BY Youla Azkarrula).]]
 ====Stars within the Constellation Area====
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 |[[Miaplacidus]]
 |HIP 45238
+|Constellation lines (Vertex)
-|within constellation lines
 |1.69
 |-
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 |γ 2 Velorum
 | HIP 39953
+|Constellation lines (Vertex)
-|within constellation lines
 |1.83
 |-
@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 |ϵ Carinae
 |HIP 41037
+|Constellation lines
-|Inside the Hull
 |1.86
 |-
 |4
-|[[Avior]]
+|[[Avior]] A
 |HIP 41037
+|Constellation lines (Vertex)
-|within constellation lines
 |2.01
 |-
@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
 | [[Suhail]]
 |HIP 44816
+|Constellation lines (Vertex)
-|within constellation lines
 |2.21
 |-
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 |μ Velorum
 |HIP 52727
-|within constellation lines
+|Constellation lines
 |2.69
 |-
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 |θ Carinae
 |HIP 52419
+|Constellation lines (Vertex)
-|within constellation lines
 | 2.76
 |-
@@ Line 187: / Line 187: @@
 |-
 |23
-|* eps Car B
+|Avior B
 |HIP 41037
+|Constellation lines
-|Inside the Hull
 |3.85
 |-
@@ Line 631: / Line 631: @@
 |-
 |97
+|* mu. Vel B
+|HIP 52727
+|Constellation lines (Vertex)
+|5.58
+|-
+|98
 | -
 |HIP 43499
@@ Line 636: / Line 642: @@
 |5.59
 |-
-|98
+|99
 | -
 |HIP 45920
@@ Line 642: / Line 648: @@
 |5.608
 |-
-|99
+|100
 | -
 |HIP 42535
@@ Line 648: / Line 654: @@
 | 5.61
 |-
-|100
+|101
 | -
 |HIP 48348
@@ Line 654: / Line 660: @@
 |5.617
 |-
-|101
+|102
 | -
 |HIP 50520
@@ Line 660: / Line 666: @@
 |5.67
 |-
-|102
+|103
 | -
 |HIP 43797
@@ Line 666: / Line 672: @@
 |5.698
 |-
-|103
+|104
 | -
 |HIP 48613
@@ Line 672: / Line 678: @@
 |5.705
 |-
-|104
+|105
 |S Car
 |HIP 49751
@@ Line 678: / Line 684: @@
 |5.71
 |-
-|105
+|106
 | -
 |HIP 48287
@@ Line 684: / Line 690: @@
 |5.711
 |-
-|106
+|107
 | -
 |HIP 45962
@@ Line 690: / Line 696: @@
 |5.729
 |-
-|107
+|108
 | -
 |HIP 43148
@@ Line 696: / Line 702: @@
 |5.748
 |-
-|108
+|109
 | -
 |HIP 49934
@@ Line 702: / Line 708: @@
 |5.75
 |-
-| 109
+| 110
 | -
 |HIP 43669
@@ Line 708: / Line 714: @@
 | 5.768
 |-
-|110
+|111
 | -
 | HIP 45122
@@ Line 714: / Line 720: @@
 |5.769
 |-
-| 111
+| 112
 | -
 |HIP 46225
@@ Line 720: / Line 726: @@
 |5.77
 |-
-|112
+|113
 | -
 |HIP 48339
@@ Line 726: / Line 732: @@
 |5.778
 |-
-|113
+|114
 | -
 |HIP 44256
@@ Line 732: / Line 738: @@
 |5.78
 |-
-|114
+|115
 | -
 |HIP 42177
@@ Line 738: / Line 744: @@
 |5.782
 |-
-|115
+|116
 | -
 | HIP 47498
@@ Line 744: / Line 750: @@
 |5.794
 |-
-|116
+|117
 | -
 |HIP 50493
@@ Line 750: / Line 756: @@
 |5.8
 |-
-| 117
+| 118
 | -
 |HIP 40077
@@ Line 756: / Line 762: @@
 |5.806
 |-
-|118
+|119
 | -
 | HIP 45314
@@ Line 762: / Line 768: @@
 | 5.85
 |-
-|119
+|120
 | -
 |HIP 44024
@@ Line 768: / Line 774: @@
 |5.876
 |-
-| 120
+| 121
 |V514 Car
 |HIP 52043
@@ Line 774: / Line 780: @@
 |5.876
 |-
-|121
+|122
 | -
 |HIP 42614
@@ Line 780: / Line 786: @@
 |5.879
 |-
-| 122
+| 123
 | -
 |HR 4020
@@ Line 786: / Line 792: @@
 | 5.88
 |-
-| 123
+| 124
 | -
 |HIP 46460
@@ Line 792: / Line 798: @@
 |5.886
 |-
-|124
+|125
 | -
 |HIP 41081
@@ Line 798: / Line 804: @@
 |5.887
 |-
-|125
+|126
 |V482 Car
 |HIP 46620
@@ Line 804: / Line 810: @@
 |5.888
 |-
-|126
+|127
 | -
 |HIP 43589
@@ Line 810: / Line 816: @@
 |5.889
 |-
-|127
+|128
 | -
 |HIP 46482
@@ Line 816: / Line 822: @@
 |5.904
 |-
-|128
+|129
 | -
 |HIP 50078
@@ Line 822: / Line 828: @@
 |5.91
 |-
-|129
+|130
 | -
 |HIP 45270
@@ Line 828: / Line 834: @@
 |5.92
 |-
-|130
+|131
 | -
 |HIP 49164
@@ Line 834: / Line 840: @@
 |5.928
 |-
-|131
+|132
 |LR Vel
 |HIP 45675
@@ Line 840: / Line 846: @@
 |5.93
 |-
-|132
+|133
 | -
 |HIP 50993
@@ Line 846: / Line 852: @@
 |5.93
 |-
-|133
+|134
 |V335 Vel
 |HIP 48527
@@ Line 852: / Line 858: @@
 |5.932
 |-
-|134
+|135
 | -
 | HIP 40932
@@ Line 858: / Line 864: @@
 |5.954
 |-
-|135
+|136
 | -
 |HIP 41674
@@ Line 864: / Line 870: @@
 |5.969
 |-
-|136
+|137
 | -
 |HIP 52127
@@ Line 870: / Line 876: @@
 |5.979
 |-
-|137
+|138
 | -
 |HIP 47559
@@ Line 876: / Line 882: @@
 |5.98
 |-
-|138
+|139
 | -
 |HIP 46101
@@ Line 882: / Line 888: @@
 |5.988
 |-
-|139
+|140
 |* ups Car B
 |HR 3891
@@ Line 888: / Line 894: @@
 |5.99
 |-
-|140
+|141
 | -
 |HIP 45418
@@ Line 894: / Line 900: @@
 |5.993
 |-
-|141
+|142
 | -
 |HIP 43620
@@ Line 900: / Line 906: @@
 |5.998
 |-
-|142
+|143
 | -
 |HIP 51623
@@ Line 906: / Line 912: @@
 |6.006
 |-
-|143
+|144
 | -
 |HIP 41861
@@ Line 912: / Line 918: @@
 |6.021
 |-
-|144
+|145
 | -
 |HR 3386
@@ Line 918: / Line 924: @@
 |6.03
 |-
-|145
+|146
 | -
 |HIP 46328
@@ Line 924: / Line 930: @@
 |6.039
 |-
-|146
+|147
 | -
 |HIP 45481
@@ Line 930: / Line 936: @@
 |6.04
 |-
-|147
+|148
 | -
 |HIP 41373
@@ Line 936: / Line 942: @@
 |6.041
 |-
-|148
+|149
 | -
 |HIP 48119
@@ Line 942: / Line 948: @@
 |6.047
 |-
-|149
+|150
 | -
 |HIP 48835
@@ Line 948: / Line 954: @@
 | 6.05
 |-
-|150
+|151
 | -
 |HD 92463
@@ Line 954: / Line 960: @@
 |6.06
 |-
-|151
+|152
 | -
 |HIP 44708
@@ Line 960: / Line 966: @@
 |6.081
 |-
-| 152
+| 153
 | -
 |HIP 46093
@@ Line 966: / Line 972: @@
 |6.086
 |-
-|153
+|154
 | -
 | HIP 51245
@@ Line 972: / Line 978: @@
 |6.086
 |-
-| 154
+| 155
 | -
 | HIP 50044
@@ Line 978: / Line 984: @@
 |6.087
 |-
-|155
+|156
 |* B Vel B
 |HIP 41039
@@ Line 984: / Line 990: @@
 |6.1
 |-
-|156
+|157
 |NGC 2669
 |NGC 2669
@@ Line 990: / Line 996: @@
 |6.1
 |-
-|157
+|158
 | R Car
 |HIP 46806
@@ Line 996: / Line 1,002: @@
 |6.1
 |-
-|158
+|159
 | -
 | HR 3840
@@ Line 1,002: / Line 1,008: @@
 | 6.1
 |-
-|159
+|160
 |IV Vel
 | HIP 48799
@@ Line 1,008: / Line 1,014: @@
 |6.115
 |-
-| 160
+| 161
 | -
 |HIP 50232
@@ Line 1,014: / Line 1,020: @@
 |6.134
 |-
-|161
+|162
 |V478 Car
 |HIP 45615
@@ Line 1,020: / Line 1,026: @@
 |6.136
 |-
-|162
+|163
 | -
 |HIP 49994
@@ Line 1,026: / Line 1,032: @@
 |6.147
 |-
-|163
+|164
 |IP Vel
 | HIP 47694
@@ Line 1,032: / Line 1,038: @@
 |6.168
 |-
-|164
+|165
 | -
 |HIP 47172
@@ Line 1,038: / Line 1,044: @@
 |6.177
 |-
-|165
+|166
 | -
 |HIP 49137
@@ Line 1,044: / Line 1,050: @@
 |6.181
 |-
-|166
+|167
 | -
 |HIP 46067
@@ Line 1,050: / Line 1,056: @@
 |6.188
 |-
-|167
+|168
 | -
 |HIP 49233
@@ Line 1,056: / Line 1,062: @@
 |6.19
 |-
-|168
+|169
 | -
 |HIP 49160
@@ Line 1,062: / Line 1,068: @@
 |6.191
 |-
-|169
+|170
 |Cl Bochum 10
 |Cl Bochum 10
@@ Line 1,068: / Line 1,074: @@
 |6.2
 |-
-|170
+|171
 | -
 |HR 3817
@@ Line 1,074: / Line 1,080: @@
 |6.21
 |-
-|171
+|172
 | -
 |HIP 47913
@@ Line 1,080: / Line 1,086: @@
 |6.211
 |-
-| 172
+| 173
 | -
 |HIP 45002
@@ Line 1,086: / Line 1,092: @@
 |6.22
 |-
-| 173
+| 174
 | -
 |HIP 50287
@@ Line 1,092: / Line 1,098: @@
 |6.22
 |-
-|174
+|175
 | -
 |HIP 41986
@@ Line 1,098: / Line 1,104: @@
 |6.221
 |-
-|175
+|176
 | -
 |HIP 47145
@@ Line 1,104: / Line 1,110: @@
 |6.23
 |-
-|176
+|177
 | -
 |HIP 51732
@@ Line 1,110: / Line 1,116: @@
 |6.238
 |-
-|177
+|178
 | -
 |HIP 49394
@@ Line 1,116: / Line 1,122: @@
 |6.24
 |-
-|178
+|179
 | -
 |HIP 42717
@@ Line 1,122: / Line 1,128: @@
 |6.243
 |-
-|179
+|180
 | -
 |HR 4065
@@ Line 1,128: / Line 1,134: @@
 |6.25
 |-
-|180
+|181
 | -
 |HIP 46737
@@ Line 1,134: / Line 1,140: @@
 | 6.255
 |-
-|181
+|182
 | -
 |HIP 43807
@@ Line 1,140: / Line 1,146: @@
 |6.26
 |-
-|182
+|183
 | -
 |HR 3840
@@ Line 1,146: / Line 1,152: @@
 |6.26
 |-
-|183
+|184
 | -
 |HIP 51676
@@ Line 1,152: / Line 1,158: @@
 |6.26
 |-
-|184
+|185
 | -
 |HIP 46045
@@ Line 1,158: / Line 1,164: @@
 |6.264
 |-
-| 185
+| 186
 | -
 |HIP 46049
@@ Line 1,164: / Line 1,170: @@
 |6.265
 |-
-|186
+|187
 | -
 |HIP 43195
@@ Line 1,170: / Line 1,176: @@
 |6.266
 |-
-|187
+|188
 | -
 | HIP 45742
@@ Line 1,176: / Line 1,182: @@
 |6.268
 |-
-|188
+|189
 |GY Vel
 |HIP 50332
@@ Line 1,182: / Line 1,188: @@
 |6.3
 |-
-|189
+|190
 | -
 |HIP 50562
@@ Line 1,188: / Line 1,194: @@
 |6.3
 |-
-|190
+|191
 |C 1033-598
 |C 1033-598
@@ Line 1,194: / Line 1,200: @@
 |6.3
 |-
-|191
+|192
 | -
 | HIP 45437
@@ Line 1,200: / Line 1,206: @@
 | 6.311
 |-
-|192
+|193
 | -
 |HIP 52160
@@ Line 1,206: / Line 1,212: @@
 |6.314
 |-
-|193
+|194
 | -
 |HIP 45603
@@ Line 1,212: / Line 1,218: @@
 | 6.319
 |-
-|194
+|195
 |V486 Car
 |HIP 47591
@@ Line 1,218: / Line 1,224: @@
 |6.32
 |-
-|195
+|196
 | -
 | HIP 50916
@@ Line 1,224: / Line 1,230: @@
 |6.325
 |-
-|196
+|197
 | -
 |HIP 41813
@@ Line 1,230: / Line 1,236: @@
 | 6.333
 |-
-|197
+|198
 | -
 |HIP 41653
@@ Line 1,236: / Line 1,242: @@
 | 6.346
 |-
-| 198
+| 199
 | -
 |HR 3971
@@ Line 1,242: / Line 1,248: @@
 | 6.35
 |-
-|199
+|200
 | -
 |HIP 50785
@@ Line 1,248: / Line 1,254: @@
 |6.35
 |-
-|200
+|201
 |V473 Car
 |HIP 43763
@@ Line 1,254: / Line 1,260: @@
 |6.353
 |-
-|201
+|202
 | -
 |HIP 44665
@@ Line 1,260: / Line 1,266: @@
 |6.355
 |-
-|202
+|203
 | -
 |HIP 45214
@@ Line 1,266: / Line 1,272: @@
 |6.358
 |-
-|203
+|204
 | -
 |HIP 49223
@@ Line 1,272: / Line 1,278: @@
 |6.371
 |-
-|204
+|205
 | -
 |HIP 41781
@@ Line 1,278: / Line 1,284: @@
 |6.373
 |-
-|205
+|206
 | -
 |HIP 44423
@@ Line 1,284: / Line 1,290: @@
 |6.377
 |-
-|206
+|207
 | -
 |HIP 48730
@@ Line 1,290: / Line 1,296: @@
 |6.377
 |-
-|207
+|208
 | -
 | HIP 49619
@@ Line 1,296: / Line 1,302: @@
 |6.384
 |-
-|208
+|209
 |V368 Car
 |HIP 49926
@@ Line 1,302: / Line 1,308: @@
 | 6.4
 |-
-| 209
+| 210
 | -
 | HIP 51461
@@ Line 1,308: / Line 1,314: @@
 |6.401
 |-
-|210
+|211
 | -
 |HIP 47422
@@ Line 1,314: / Line 1,320: @@
 |6.403
 |-
-|211
+|212
 | -
 |HIP 50067
@@ Line 1,320: / Line 1,326: @@
 |6.41
 |-
-|212
+|213
 | -
 | HIP 49092
@@ Line 1,326: / Line 1,332: @@
 |6.412
 |-
-|213
+|214
 | -
 |HIP 51984
@@ Line 1,332: / Line 1,338: @@
 |6.417
 |-
-|214
+|215
 | -
 |HIP 40433
@@ Line 1,338: / Line 1,344: @@
 |6.418
 |-
-|215
+|216
 | -
 |HIP 51327
@@ Line 1,344: / Line 1,350: @@
 |6.418
 |-
-|216
+|217
 |WR 22
 |HIP 52308
@@ Line 1,350: / Line 1,356: @@
 | 6.42
 |-
-|217
+|218
 |V507 Car
 |HIP 51265
@@ Line 1,356: / Line 1,362: @@
 |6.426
 |-
-|218
+|219
 | -
 |HIP 51866
@@ Line 1,362: / Line 1,368: @@
 |6.43
 |-
-|219
+|220
 | -
 |HIP 42400
@@ Line 1,368: / Line 1,374: @@
 |6.431
 |-
-|220
+|221
 | -
 |HIP 44509
@@ Line 1,374: / Line 1,380: @@
 |6.438
 |-
-|221
+|222
 | -
 | HIP 40749
@@ Line 1,380: / Line 1,386: @@
 |6.44
 |-
-|222
+|223
 |V469 Car
 |HIP 41644
@@ Line 1,386: / Line 1,392: @@
 |6.44
 |-
-|223
+|224
 | -
 |HIP 44565
@@ Line 1,392: / Line 1,398: @@
 |6.44
 |-
-|224
+|225
 |V495 Car
 |HIP 49642
@@ Line 1,398: / Line 1,404: @@
 |6.44
 |-
-|225
+|226
 | -
 |HIP 50069
@@ Line 1,404: / Line 1,410: @@
 |6.46
 |-
-|226
+|227
 | -
 |HIP 50520
@@ Line 1,410: / Line 1,416: @@
 |6.46
 |-
-|227
+|228
 |V487 Car
 |HIP 47893
@@ Line 1,416: / Line 1,422: @@
 |6.471
 |-
-|228
+|229
 | -
 |HIP 44979
@@ Line 1,422: / Line 1,428: @@
 |6.476
 |-
-|229
+|230
 | -
 |HIP 42440
@@ Line 1,428: / Line 1,434: @@
 |6.48
 |-
-|230
+|231
 | -
 |HIP 52103
@@ Line 1,434: / Line 1,440: @@
 |6.48
 |-
-|231
+|232
 |WR 24
 |HIP 52488
@@ Line 1,440: / Line 1,446: @@
 |6.48
 |-
-|232
+|233
 | -
 |HIP 41905
@@ Line 1,446: / Line 1,452: @@
 |6.481
 |-
-|233
+|234
 | -
 |HIP 41426
@@ Line 1,452: / Line 1,458: @@
 |6.49
 |-
-|234
+|235
 |QZ Vel
 |HIP 48469
@@ Line 1,458: / Line 1,464: @@
 |6.491
 |-
-|235
+|236
 | -
 |HIP 49477
@@ Line 1,466: / Line 1,472: @@
 ===Additional ===
-====II. Deity. ====
+====Deity. ====
          The epithet ''mār bīti'', used in MUL.APIN in connection with the Harrow, had two serpent deities venerated in Der: ''Šaḫan'' (the correct reading is ''Irḫan'' [McEwan 1983<ref name=":6">''McEwan G.J.P.'' <sup>d</sup>MUŠ and Related Matters // Or. 1983. Vol. 52, Fasc. 2. P. 215-229.</ref>, 223; Krebernik 1984<ref>''Krebernik M.'' Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla. Hildesheim-Zürich-N.Y., 1984</ref>, 298ff.]), and ''Nirah'' (<sup>d</sup>''Niraḫ ilu šu-pu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''mār bīti ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>uru</sup>''De-e-erki'' "Nirah, the brilliant god, prince of Der" [McEwan 1983<ref name=":6" />, 222, note 31]), see also [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 120, 440]. Could one claim on this basis that the Harrow constellation was associated with one of these deities? The name <sup>(giš)</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> as a royal name is given in the "Sumerian King List", in the section related to Kish, see [Jacobsen 1939, 76-77:43-45; Hallo 1963<ref>''Hallo W.W.'' Beginning and End of the Sumerian King List in the Nippur Recension // JCS. 1963. Vol. 17. P.</ref>, 52].
-====III. Symbol.====
+====Symbol.====
          Unknown. For a description on the designs of the harrow used in tilling the fields in ancient Mesopotamia, see [Salonen 1968<ref>''Salonen A''. Agricultura Mesopotamica. Helsinki, 1968.         </ref>, 109-115].
-====IV. Identification. ====
+====Previous Identification. ====
          = Crux [Gössmann<ref name=":1" /> 66];
@@ Line 1,479: / Line 1,485: @@
          = eastern part of Vela [MA<ref name=":5" />, 138; ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273].
-====V. Parts of the constellation.====
+====Parts of the constellation.====
          ''ni-šik ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>. “Harrow’s bite,” see above.
-====VI. Astrology.*====
+====Astrology.*====
          Identifications:

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GAN2.UR3: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:57, 18 December 2025

Concordance, Etymology, History[1]

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Stars within the Constellation Area

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Deity.

Symbol.

Previous Identification.

Parts of the constellation.

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(mul)Maškakātu

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Concordance, Etymology, History^[1]

^(mul)Maškakātu