GAN2.UR3: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:41, 21 November 2025

^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ (𒀯𒄑𒃷𒃡) = ^(mul)Maškakātu, 'The Harrow', is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the shape of the farming implement, the harrow.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

^mulGAN₂.UR₃
"Harrow" [BPO 2^[1], 11; Gössmann^[2] 66];

A constellation which included the eastern part of the Sails (Vela) and possibly part of the Centaurus (Centaurus).

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources	Identifications
Lexic. texts. Urra XXII series: ^mulgiš.gan₂.ur₃ = maš-ka-ka-ti/tu₂ [SpTU III^[3], 114A v 44; Bloch-Horowitz 2015^[4], 109:301ʹ].	Example
EAE. See. [BPO 2^[1], II 12e-f; BPO 3^[5], K.2226+:ii 40; Borger 1973^[6], LB 1321 r. 17′; SpTU III^[3], 101:27].	Example
MUL.APIN. List of stars of Ea (no. 6): MUL ša₂ ina A₂-šu₂ GUB-zu ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ ^gišTUKUL ša₂ ^dMār(A)-bīti(E₂) (in [Gössmann^[2] 17], ^dA.MAL) / ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ABZU i-bar-ru-u₂ "Constellation, which with it (ie. i.e. Entenabarguz) stands the Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, within which Apsu can be seen" (I ii 23-24) [MA^[7], 36-37]. List of stars VR 46, 1:25. ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ ^gištukul ša₂ ^dA.E₂ ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ABZU igi.kar₂ "The Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, in which Apsu is seen" [HBA^[8], 52; Wee 2016^[9], 163-3].
GU-text. (I) ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ "Harrow bite" (μ Vel) [Pingree-Walker 1988^[10], BM 78161:14-15]; see also (Kurtik u17) UR.A.
Great Star List (Appendix) (Fincke and Horowitz, forthcoming)

See also: ^{mul giš}GAN₂.ur₃ u ^mulAPIN idi šūti [izzazzu] "The Harrow and the Pole stands in the south" (K.6211:9, K.6185 r.14), quoted in [CAD^[11] M/1, 368], (Fincke and Horowitz forthcoming: BM 35408 ii 6', BM 82865 6').

Stars within the Constellation Area


id	Label	IAU design.	description	Vmag
1	Miaplacidus	HIP 45238	within constellation lines	1.69
2	γ 2 Velorum	HIP 39953	within constellation lines	1.83
3	ϵ Carinae	HIP 41037	Inside the Hull	1.86
4	Avior	HIP 41037	within constellation lines	2.01
5	Suhail	HIP 44816	within constellation lines	2.21
6	Aspidiske	HIP 45556	Inside the Hull	2.26
7	Markeb	HIP 45941	Inside the Hull	2.473
8	μ Velorum	HIP 52727	within constellation lines	2.69
9	θ Carinae	HIP 52419	within constellation lines	2.76
10	υ Carinae	HIP 48002	Inside the Hull	2.99
11	-	HIP 46701	Inside the Hull	3.139
12	ASAS J091626-6728.7	ASAS J091626-6728.7	Inside the Hull	3.27
13	p Car	HIP 51576	Inside the Hull	3.27
14	V337 Car	HIP 50371	Inside the Hull	3.35
15	a Car	HIP 45080	Inside the Hull	3.4
16	ϕ Velorum	HIP 48774	Inside the Hull	3.45
17	ο Velorum	HIP 42536	Inside the Hull	3.63
18	-	HIP 44511	Inside the Hull	3.75
19	l Car	HIP 47854	Inside the Hull	3.75
20	-	HIP 43783	Inside the Hull	3.8
21	-	HIP 42570	Inside the Hull	3.81
22	-	HIP 51232	Inside the Hull	3.81
23	* eps Car B	HIP 41037	Inside the Hull	3.85
24	-	HIP 43023	Inside the Hull	3.91
25	-	HIP 45101	Inside the Hull	3.943
26	α Volantis	HIP 44382	Inside the Hull	3.99
27	-	HIP 46974	Inside the Hull	4.09
28	NGC 3114	NGC 3114	Inside the Hull	4.2
29	-	HIP 52154	Inside the Hull	4.267
30	IC 2581	IC 2581	Inside the Hull	4.3
31	V343 Car	HIP 42568	Inside the Hull	4.313
32	-	HIP 45496	Inside the Hull	4.318
33	-	HIP 47175	Inside the Hull	4.35
34	-	HIP 51849	Inside the Hull	4.43
35	V344 Car	HIP 43105	Inside the Hull	4.49
36	-	HIP 47391	Inside the Hull	4.498
37	MV Vel	HIP 50676	Inside the Hull	4.51
38	GZ Vel	HIP 50555	Inside the Hull	4.543
39	V520 Car	HIP 52468	Inside the Hull	4.545
40	-	HIP 48374	Inside the Hull	4.58
41	IC 2395	IC 2395	Inside the Hull	4.6
42	V399 Car	HIP 51192	Inside the Hull	4.7
43	H Vel	HIP 43878	Inside the Hull	4.723
44	-	HIP 42624	Inside the Hull	4.77
45	-	HIP 45856	Inside the Hull	4.8
46	HY Vel	HIP 42726	Inside the Hull	4.815
47	-	HIP 41039	Inside the Hull	4.82
48	-	HIP 49712	Inside the Hull	4.845
49	-	HIP 42134	Inside the Hull	4.847
50	-	HIP 52102	Inside the Hull	4.87
51	-	HIP 51523	Inside the Hull	4.89
52	V376 Car	HIP 43937	Inside the Hull	4.895
53	-	HIP 43347	Inside the Hull	4.935
54	GX Vel	HIP 45085	Inside the Hull	5
55	-	HIP 42088	Inside the Hull	5.01
56	-	HIP 46950	Inside the Hull	5.03
57	GU Vel	HIP 41483	Inside the Hull	5.073
58	-	HIP 51912	Inside the Hull	5.088
59	-	HIP 46283	Inside the Hull	5.089
60	-	HIP 45505	Inside the Hull	5.094
61	KX Vel	HIP 43413	Inside the Hull	5.11
62	-	HIP 46914	Inside the Hull	5.12
63	FZ Vel	HIP 44093	Inside the Hull	5.146
64	-	HIP 42834	Inside the Hull	5.16
65	-	HIP 44143	Inside the Hull	5.16
66	* B Vel A	HIP 41039	Inside the Hull	5.17
67	-	HIP 41296	Inside the Hull	5.17
68	NZ Vel	HIP 42504	Inside the Hull	5.19
69	-	HR 3976	Inside the Hull	5.22
70	LN Vel	HIP 42679	Inside the Hull	5.227
71	-	HIP 42129	Inside the Hull	5.234
72	-	HIP 45328	Inside the Hull	5.254
73	-	HIP 45631	Inside the Hull	5.254
74	-	HIP 49698	Inside the Hull	5.258
75	LW Vel	HIP 50070	Inside the Hull	5.265
76	-	HIP 51313	Inside the Hull	5.27
77	-	HIP 43671	Inside the Hull	5.302
78	-	HIP 47479	Inside the Hull	5.307
79	-	HIP 45571	Inside the Hull	5.39
80	-	HIP 42459	Inside the Hull	5.439
81	-	HIP 52004	Inside the Hull	5.45
82	OP Vel	HIP 43082	Inside the Hull	5.459
83	-	HIP 46594	Inside the Hull	5.46
84	-	HIP 47204	Inside the Hull	5.467
85	HX Vel	HIP 42712	Inside the Hull	5.468
86	KT Vel	HIP 42715	Inside the Hull	5.474
87	Cl Trumpler 14	Cl Trumpler 14	Inside the Hull	5.5
88	-	HIP 52405	Inside the Hull	5.51
89	-	HIP 40282	Inside the Hull	5.514
90	-	HIP 45219	Inside the Hull	5.532
91	* 33 Vel A	HIP 41616	Inside the Hull	5.535
92	-	HIP 47717	Inside the Hull	5.544
93	-	HIP 51140	Inside the Hull	5.546
94	-	HR 3817	Inside the Hull	5.56
95	-	HIP 48310	Inside the Hull	5.56
96	-	HR 3605	Inside the Hull	5.57
97	-	HIP 43499	Inside the Hull	5.59
98	-	HIP 45920	Inside the Hull	5.608
99	-	HIP 42535	Inside the Hull	5.61
100	-	HIP 48348	Inside the Hull	5.617
101	-	HIP 50520	Inside the Hull	5.67
102	-	HIP 43797	Inside the Hull	5.698
103	-	HIP 48613	Inside the Hull	5.705
104	S Car	HIP 49751	Inside the Hull	5.71
105	-	HIP 48287	Inside the Hull	5.711
106	-	HIP 45962	Inside the Hull	5.729
107	-	HIP 43148	Inside the Hull	5.748
108	-	HIP 49934	Inside the Hull	5.75
109	-	HIP 43669	Inside the Hull	5.768
110	-	HIP 45122	Inside the Hull	5.769
111	-	HIP 46225	Inside the Hull	5.77
112	-	HIP 48339	Inside the Hull	5.778
113	-	HIP 44256	Inside the Hull	5.78
114	-	HIP 42177	Inside the Hull	5.782
115	-	HIP 47498	Inside the Hull	5.794
116	-	HIP 50493	Inside the Hull	5.8
117	-	HIP 40077	Inside the Hull	5.806
118	-	HIP 45314	Inside the Hull	5.85
119	-	HIP 44024	Inside the Hull	5.876
120	V514 Car	HIP 52043	Inside the Hull	5.876
121	-	HIP 42614	Inside the Hull	5.879
122	-	HR 4020	Inside the Hull	5.88
123	-	HIP 46460	Inside the Hull	5.886
124	-	HIP 41081	Inside the Hull	5.887
125	V482 Car	HIP 46620	Inside the Hull	5.888
126	-	HIP 43589	Inside the Hull	5.889
127	-	HIP 46482	Inside the Hull	5.904
128	-	HIP 50078	Inside the Hull	5.91
129	-	HIP 45270	Inside the Hull	5.92
130	-	HIP 49164	Inside the Hull	5.928
131	LR Vel	HIP 45675	Inside the Hull	5.93
132	-	HIP 50993	Inside the Hull	5.93
133	V335 Vel	HIP 48527	Inside the Hull	5.932
134	-	HIP 40932	Inside the Hull	5.954
135	-	HIP 41674	Inside the Hull	5.969
136	-	HIP 52127	Inside the Hull	5.979
137	-	HIP 47559	Inside the Hull	5.98
138	-	HIP 46101	Inside the Hull	5.988
139	* ups Car B	HR 3891	Inside the Hull	5.99
140	-	HIP 45418	Inside the Hull	5.993
141	-	HIP 43620	Inside the Hull	5.998
142	-	HIP 51623	Inside the Hull	6.006
143	-	HIP 41861	Inside the Hull	6.021
144	-	HR 3386	Inside the Hull	6.03
145	-	HIP 46328	Inside the Hull	6.039
146	-	HIP 45481	Inside the Hull	6.04
147	-	HIP 41373	Inside the Hull	6.041
148	-	HIP 48119	Inside the Hull	6.047
149	-	HIP 48835	Inside the Hull	6.05
150	-	HD 92463	Inside the Hull	6.06
151	-	HIP 44708	Inside the Hull	6.081
152	-	HIP 46093	Inside the Hull	6.086
153	-	HIP 51245	Inside the Hull	6.086
154	-	HIP 50044	Inside the Hull	6.087
155	* B Vel B	HIP 41039	Inside the Hull	6.1
156	NGC 2669	NGC 2669	Inside the Hull	6.1
157	R Car	HIP 46806	Inside the Hull	6.1
158	-	HR 3840	Inside the Hull	6.1
159	IV Vel	HIP 48799	Inside the Hull	6.115
160	-	HIP 50232	Inside the Hull	6.134
161	V478 Car	HIP 45615	Inside the Hull	6.136
162	-	HIP 49994	Inside the Hull	6.147
163	IP Vel	HIP 47694	Inside the Hull	6.168
164	-	HIP 47172	Inside the Hull	6.177
165	-	HIP 49137	Inside the Hull	6.181
166	-	HIP 46067	Inside the Hull	6.188
167	-	HIP 49233	Inside the Hull	6.19
168	-	HIP 49160	Inside the Hull	6.191
169	Cl Bochum 10	Cl Bochum 10	Inside the Hull	6.2
170	-	HR 3817	Inside the Hull	6.21
171	-	HIP 47913	Inside the Hull	6.211
172	-	HIP 45002	Inside the Hull	6.22
173	-	HIP 50287	Inside the Hull	6.22
174	-	HIP 41986	Inside the Hull	6.221
175	-	HIP 47145	Inside the Hull	6.23
176	-	HIP 51732	Inside the Hull	6.238
177	-	HIP 49394	Inside the Hull	6.24
178	-	HIP 42717	Inside the Hull	6.243
179	-	HR 4065	Inside the Hull	6.25
180	-	HIP 46737	Inside the Hull	6.255
181	-	HIP 43807	Inside the Hull	6.26
182	-	HR 3840	Inside the Hull	6.26
183	-	HIP 51676	Inside the Hull	6.26
184	-	HIP 46045	Inside the Hull	6.264
185	-	HIP 46049	Inside the Hull	6.265
186	-	HIP 43195	Inside the Hull	6.266
187	-	HIP 45742	Inside the Hull	6.268
188	GY Vel	HIP 50332	Inside the Hull	6.3
189	-	HIP 50562	Inside the Hull	6.3
190	C 1033-598	C 1033-598	Inside the Hull	6.3
191	-	HIP 45437	Inside the Hull	6.311
192	-	HIP 52160	Inside the Hull	6.314
193	-	HIP 45603	Inside the Hull	6.319
194	V486 Car	HIP 47591	Inside the Hull	6.32
195	-	HIP 50916	Inside the Hull	6.325
196	-	HIP 41813	Inside the Hull	6.333
197	-	HIP 41653	Inside the Hull	6.346
198	-	HR 3971	Inside the Hull	6.35
199	-	HIP 50785	Inside the Hull	6.35
200	V473 Car	HIP 43763	Inside the Hull	6.353
201	-	HIP 44665	Inside the Hull	6.355
202	-	HIP 45214	Inside the Hull	6.358
203	-	HIP 49223	Inside the Hull	6.371
204	-	HIP 41781	Inside the Hull	6.373
205	-	HIP 44423	Inside the Hull	6.377
206	-	HIP 48730	Inside the Hull	6.377
207	-	HIP 49619	Inside the Hull	6.384
208	V368 Car	HIP 49926	Inside the Hull	6.4
209	-	HIP 51461	Inside the Hull	6.401
210	-	HIP 47422	Inside the Hull	6.403
211	-	HIP 50067	Inside the Hull	6.41
212	-	HIP 49092	Inside the Hull	6.412
213	-	HIP 51984	Inside the Hull	6.417
214	-	HIP 40433	Inside the Hull	6.418
215	-	HIP 51327	Inside the Hull	6.418
216	WR 22	HIP 52308	Inside the Hull	6.42
217	V507 Car	HIP 51265	Inside the Hull	6.426
218	-	HIP 51866	Inside the Hull	6.43
219	-	HIP 42400	Inside the Hull	6.431
220	-	HIP 44509	Inside the Hull	6.438
221	-	HIP 40749	Inside the Hull	6.44
222	V469 Car	HIP 41644	Inside the Hull	6.44
223	-	HIP 44565	Inside the Hull	6.44
224	V495 Car	HIP 49642	Inside the Hull	6.44
225	-	HIP 50069	Inside the Hull	6.46
226	-	HIP 50520	Inside the Hull	6.46
227	V487 Car	HIP 47893	Inside the Hull	6.471
228	-	HIP 44979	Inside the Hull	6.476
229	-	HIP 42440	Inside the Hull	6.48
230	-	HIP 52103	Inside the Hull	6.48
231	WR 24	HIP 52488	Inside the Hull	6.48
232	-	HIP 41905	Inside the Hull	6.481
233	-	HIP 41426	Inside the Hull	6.49
234	QZ Vel	HIP 48469	Inside the Hull	6.491
235	-	HIP 49477	Inside the Hull	6.492

Additional

II. Deity.

The epithet mār bīti, used in MUL.APIN in connection with the Harrow, had two serpent deities venerated in Der: Šaḫan (the correct reading is Irḫan [McEwan 1983^[12], 223; Krebernik 1984^[13], 298ff.]), and Nirah (^dNiraḫ ilu šu-pu-u₂ mār bīti ša₂ ^uruDe-e-erki "Nirah, the brilliant god, prince of Der" [McEwan 1983^[12], 222, note 31]), see also [Tallqvist 1938^[14], 120, 440]. Could one claim on this basis that the Harrow constellation was associated with one of these deities? The name ^(giš)gan₂.ur₃ as a royal name is given in the "Sumerian King List", in the section related to Kish, see [Jacobsen 1939, 76-77:43-45; Hallo 1963^[15], 52].

III. Symbol.

Unknown. For a description on the designs of the harrow used in tilling the fields in ancient Mesopotamia, see [Salonen 1968^[16], 109-115].

IV. Identification.

= Crux [Gössmann^[2] 66];

= Ara (?) [Weidner 1957-59^[17], 79];

= eastern part of Vela [MA^[7], 138; ASM^[18], 273].

V. Parts of the constellation.

ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}GAN₂. “Harrow’s bite,” see above.

VI. Astrology.*

Identifications:

(1) = Mercury; ^mulgan₂.ur₃ = ^dudu.idim.gu₄.ud " [CT^[19] 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 1].

Predictions:

(2) Goat (=Venus) reaches the Harrow (=Mercury); ^mulUZ₃ ^mulGAN₂.UR₃ KUR-ud ina MU BI ŠUB-tim AB₂.GU[D.ḪI.A.. "The goat reaches Harrow: there will be an epidemic among the cattle this year." [BPO 2^[1], II 12e], see also [Borger 1973^[6], 41:17′; SpTU III^[3], 101: 27].

(3) Goat (=Venus) reaches Harrow (=Mercury) from the south; [DIŠ ^mulUZ₃^?] ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ A₂ IM.U_x.LU KUR-ud ina MU BI AB₂.GUD.ḪI.A U₈.UDU.ḪI.A ŠUB.ME "[If the Goat] reaches the Harrow from the south: in this year herds of cattle and small cattle will die" [BPO 3^[5], 94, K.2226+:ii 40], for parallels see. [BPO 2^[1], II 12f ]. See also [ACh Suppl.^[20] 2, 54:6-7].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, g08)	Gössmann (1950)
вар.: ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃.(RA); = maškakātu «Борона» [BPO 2, 11; G. 66]; созвездие, включавшее восточную часть Парусов (Vela) и, возможно, часть Центавра (Centaurus). I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. Серия Urra XXII: ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ = maš-ka-ka-ti/tu₂ [SpTU III, 114A v 44; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 109:301ʹ]. EAE. Cм. [BPO 2, II 12e–f; BPO 3, K.2226+:ii 40; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 17′; SpTU III, 101:27]. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Эа (№ 6): MUL ša₂ ina A₂-šu₂ GUB-zu ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ ^gišTUKUL ša₂ ^dMār(A)-bīti(E₂) (в [G. 17] – ^dA.MAL) / ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ZU:AB i-bar-ru-u₂ «Созвездие, которое с его (т.е. Энтенабархума) стороны стоит, Борона, оружие Марбити, внутри которого Апсу можно увидеть» (I ii 23–24) [MA, 36–37]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:25. ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ ^gištukul ša₂ ^dA.E₂ ša₂ ina lib₃-bi-šu₂ ABZU igi.kar₂ «Борона, оружие Марбити, в котором Апсу видно» [HBA, 52; Wee 2016, 163–3]. GU-текст. (I) ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}gan₂.ur₃ «Укус Бороны» (μ Vel) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:14–15]; cм. также u17UR.A. См. также: ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ u ^mulAPIN idi šūti [izzazzu] «Борона и Поле на юге стоят» (K.6211:9, K.6185 r.14), цит. по [CAD M/1, 368]. II. Божество. Эпитет mār bīti, используемый в MUL.APIN в связи с Бороной, имели два змеиных божества, почитавшихся в Дере: Šaḫan (правильное чтение Irḫan [McEvan 1983, 223; Krebernik 1984, 298ff.]), и Нирах (^dNiraḫ ilu šu-pu-u₂ mār bīti ša₂ ^uruDe-e-erki «Нирах, блистательный бог, принц Дера» [McEvan 1983, 222, note 31]), см. также [Tallqvist 1938, 120, 440]. Можно ли утверждать на этом основании, что созвездие Борона было связано с одним из этих божеств? Название ^(giš)gan₂.ur₃ как царское имя приводится в «Шумерском царском списке», в части, относящейся к Кишу, см. [Jacobsen 1939, 76–77:43–45; Hallo 1963, 52]. III. Символ. Неизвестен. Описание конструкций бороны, употреблявшихся при обработке полей в древней Месопотамии, см. [Salonen 1968, 109–115]. IV. Отождествление. = Crux [G. 66]; = Ara (?) [Weidner 1957–59, 79]; = восточная часть Vela [MA, 138; ASM, 273]. V. Части созвездия. ni-šik ša₂ ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ «Укус Бороны», см. выше. VI. Астрология. Отождествления: (1) = Меркурий; ^mulgan₂.ur₃ = dudu.idim.gu₄.ud «Борона = Меркурий» [CT 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 1]. Предсказания: (2) Коза (=Венера) достигает Бороны (=Меркурий); ^mulUZ₃ ^mulGAN₂.UR₃ KUR-ud ina MU BI ŠUB-tim AB₂.GU[D.ḪI.A... «Коза достигает Бороны: в этом году будет эпидемия среди скота» [BPO 2, II 12e], см. также [Borger 1973, 41:17′; SpTU III, 101: 27]. (3) Коза (=Венера) достигает Бороны (=Меркурий) с юга; [DIŠ ^mulUZ₃?] ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ A₂ IM.U_x.LU KUR-ud ina MU BI AB₂.GUD.ḪI.A U₈.UDU.ḪI.A ŠUB.ME «[Если Коза] достигает Бороны с юга: в этом году стада крупного и мелкого рогатого скота погибнут» [BPO 3, 94, K.2226+:ii 40], параллели см. [BPO 2, II 12f ]. См. также [ACh Suppl. 2, 54:6–7].	Example
Kurtik (2022, m21) ^(mul)Maškakātu
^(mul)Maškakātu
аккадская параллель к ^{mul giš}GAN₂.UR₃ «Борона»; созвездие, соответствующее восточной части Парусов и части Центавра. Силлабическая запись встречается в поздних копиях серии Urra XXII; см. g08GAN₂.UR₃.

References

Kurtik's references

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
↑ Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Borger R. Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY
↑ Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.
↑ Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.
↑ Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.
↑ The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 McEwan G.J.P. ^dMUŠ and Related Matters // Or. 1983. Vol. 52, Fasc. 2. P. 215-229.
↑ Krebernik M. Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla. Hildesheim-Zürich-N.Y., 1984
↑ Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.
↑ Hallo W.W. Beginning and End of the Sumerian King List in the Nippur Recension // JCS. 1963. Vol. 17. P.
↑ Salonen A. Agricultura Mesopotamica. Helsinki, 1968.
↑ Weidner E. mul gir₂.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].
↑ Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
↑ Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.
↑ Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.

[4] Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015): “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.

[:3-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.

[:4-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Borger R. Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.

[:5-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY

[8] Weidner E. Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.

[9] Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.

[10] Pingree D., Walker C. A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.

[11] The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...

[:6-12] 12.0 ^12.1 McEwan G.J.P. ^dMUŠ and Related Matters // Or. 1983. Vol. 52, Fasc. 2. P. 215-229.

[13] Krebernik M. Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla. Hildesheim-Zürich-N.Y., 1984

[14] Tallqvist K. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.

[15] Hallo W.W. Beginning and End of the Sumerian King List in the Nippur Recension // JCS. 1963. Vol. 17. P.

[16] Salonen A. Agricultura Mesopotamica. Helsinki, 1968.

[17] Weidner E. mul gir₂.tab = zuqaqîpi // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].

[18] Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.

[19] Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.

[20] Ch. Virolleaud, L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)

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GAN2.UR3: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 15:41, 21 November 2025

Contents

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sources and Identification(s)

Stars within the Constellation Area

Additional

II. Deity.

III. Symbol.

IV. Identification.

V. Parts of the constellation.

VI. Astrology.*

Historical Dictionaries

^(mul)Maškakātu

References

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{DISPLAYTITLE:''GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub>''}}
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub>}}
-<sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒄑𒃷𒃡)  = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Maškakātu,'' The Harrow, is an ancient Mesopotamian in the shape of the farming implement, the harrow.
+<sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> (𒀯𒄑𒃷𒃡)  = <sup>(mul)</sup>''Maškakātu,'' 'The Harrow', is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in the shape of the farming implement, the harrow.
+==Concordance, Etymology, History==
-==Dictionary==
 ===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
-* <sup>mul</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub>  ''[CT 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 1]. - from below''
+* <sup>mul</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub>
+* "Harrow" [BPO 2<ref name=":0">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, 11; Gössmann<ref name=":1">''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 66];
-* "Harrow" [BPO 2, 11; G. 66];
 A constellation which included the eastern part of the Sails ([[Vela]]) and possibly part of the [[Centaurus]] (Centaurus).
+==== Sources and Identification(s) ====
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 !Sources!!Identifications
 |-
 |'''Lexic. texts.'''
+Urra XXII series:
-*Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>giš.gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> = ''maš-ka-ka-ti/tu''<sub>2</sub> [SpTU III, 114A v 44; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 109:301ʹ].
+* <sup>mul</sup>giš.gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> = ''maš-ka-ka-ti/tu''<sub>2</sub> [SpTU III<ref name=":2">''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 114A v 44; Bloch-Horowitz 2015<ref>Bloch Y. and W. Horowitz (2015):  “Urra = hubullu XXII: The Standard Recension,” with Y. Bloch, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 67: 71-125.</ref>, 109:301ʹ].
 |Example
 |-
 | '''EAE.'''
-See. [BPO 2, II 12e-f; BPO 3, K.2226+:ii 40; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 17′; SpTU III, 101:27].
+See. [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, II 12e-f; BPO 3<ref name=":3">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref>, K.2226+:ii 40; Borger 1973<ref name=":4">''Borger R.'' Keilschrifttexte verschiedenen Inhalts / Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotamicae. Festschrift Th. de Liagre Böhl. Ed. M.A.Beek et al. Leiden, 1973. Р. 38-55.</ref>, LB 1321 r. 17′; SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 101:27].
 |Example
 |-
@@ Line 23: / Line 27: @@
 List of stars of Ea (no. 6):
-*MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' A<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Mār''(A)-''bīti''(E<sub>2</sub>) (in [G. 17], <sup>d</sup>A.MAL) / ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina lib''<sub>3</sub>-''bi-šu''<sub>2</sub> ABZU ''i-bar-ru-u''<sub>2</sub>
+*MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina'' A<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> GUB-''zu'' <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> <sup>giš</sup>TUKUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>''Mār''(A)-''bīti''(E<sub>2</sub>) (in [Gössmann<ref name=":1" /> 17], <sup>d</sup>A.MAL) / ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina lib''<sub>3</sub>-''bi-šu''<sub>2</sub> ABZU ''i-bar-ru-u''<sub>2</sub>
-*"Constellation, which with it (ie. i.e. Entenabarguz) stands the Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, within which Apsu can be seen" (I ii 23-24) [MA, 36-37].
+*"Constellation, which with it (ie. i.e. Entenabarguz) stands the Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, within which Apsu can be seen" (I ii 23-24) [MA<ref name=":5">Hunger, H. and Steele, J. M. (2019). The Babylonian Astronomical Compendium MUL.APIN, Routledge, NY</ref>, 36-37].
 List of stars VR 46, 1:25.
 *<sup>mul giš</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> <sup>giš</sup>tukul ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>d</sup>A.E<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''ina lib''<sub>3</sub>''-bi-šu''<sub>2</sub> ABZU igi.kar<sub>2</sub>
-*"The Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, in which Apsu is seen" [HBA, 52; Wee 2016, 163-3].
+*"The Harrow, the weapon of Marbiti, in which Apsu is seen" [HBA<ref>''Weidner E.'' Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie. Bd. I. Leipzig, 1915.</ref>, 52; Wee 2016<ref>Wee, J. (2016). Virtual Moons over Babylonia: The Calendar Text System, Its Micro-Zodiac of 13, and the Making of Medical Zodiology. The Circulation of Astronomical Knowledge in the Ancient World, Ed. J. M. Steele, 139–229.</ref>, 163-3].
 |
 |-
 |'''GU-text.'''
-*(I) ''ni-šik ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul giš</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> "Harrow bite" (μ Vel) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:14-15]; see also (Kurtik u17) [[UR.A]].
+*(I) ''ni-šik ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul giš</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> "Harrow bite" (μ Vel) [Pingree-Walker 1988<ref>''Pingree D., Walker C.'' A Babylonian Star-Catalogue: BM 78161 / Fs. Sachs, 1988. P. 313-322.</ref>, BM 78161:14-15]; see also (Kurtik u17) [[UR.A]].
 |
 |-
@@ Line 38: / Line 42: @@
 |
 |}
-See also: <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> u <sup>mul</sup>APIN ''idi šūti'' [''izzazzu''] "The Harrow and the Pole stands in the south" (K.6211:9, K.6185 r.14), quoted in [CAD M/1, 368], (Fincke and Horowitz forthcoming:  BM 35408 ii 6', BM 82865 6').
+See also: <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> ''u'' <sup>mul</sup>APIN ''idi šūti'' [''izzazzu''] "The Harrow and the Pole stands in the south" (K.6211:9, K.6185 r.14), quoted in [CAD<ref>''The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.'' Chicago - Glückstadt, 1956 -...</ref> M/1, 368], (Fincke and Horowitz forthcoming:  BM 35408 ii 6', BM 82865 6').
+====Stars within the Constellation Area====
+{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
+|+
+|-
+!id
+!Label
+! IAU design.
+!description
+!Vmag
+|-
+|1
+|[[Miaplacidus]]
+|HIP 45238
+|within constellation lines
+|1.69
+|-
+|2
+|γ 2 Velorum
+| HIP 39953
+|within constellation lines
+|1.83
+|-
+|3
+|ϵ Carinae
+|HIP 41037
+|Inside the Hull
+|1.86
+|-
+|4
+|[[Avior]]
+|HIP 41037
+|within constellation lines
+|2.01
+|-
+|5
+| [[Suhail]]
+|HIP 44816
+|within constellation lines
+|2.21
+|-
+|6
+|[[Aspidiske]]
+| HIP 45556
+|Inside the Hull
+|2.26
+|-
+|7
+|[[Markeb]]
+|HIP 45941
+|Inside the Hull
+|2.473
+|-
+|8
+|μ Velorum
+|HIP 52727
+|within constellation lines
+|2.69
+|-
+|9
+|θ Carinae
+|HIP 52419
+|within constellation lines
+| 2.76
+|-
+|10
+| υ Carinae
+|HIP 48002
+|Inside the Hull
+|2.99
+|-
+|11
+| -
+|HIP 46701
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.139
+|-
+|12
+|ASAS J091626-6728.7
+|ASAS J091626-6728.7
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.27
+|-
+|13
+|p Car
+|HIP 51576
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.27
+|-
+|14
+|V337 Car
+|HIP 50371
+| Inside the Hull
+|3.35
+|-
+|15
+|a Car
+|HIP 45080
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.4
+|-
+|16
+|ϕ Velorum
+| HIP 48774
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.45
+|-
+|17
+|ο Velorum
+|HIP 42536
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.63
+|-
+|18
+| -
+|HIP 44511
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.75
+|-
+|19
+|l Car
+|HIP 47854
+| Inside the Hull
+|3.75
+|-
+|20
+| -
+|HIP 43783
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.8
+|-
+|21
+| -
+| HIP 42570
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.81
+|-
+|22
+| -
+|HIP 51232
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.81
+|-
+|23
+|* eps Car B
+|HIP 41037
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.85
+|-
+|24
+| -
+| HIP 43023
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.91
+|-
+|25
+| -
+|HIP 45101
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.943
+|-
+|26
+|α Volantis
+|HIP 44382
+|Inside the Hull
+|3.99
+|-
+|27
+| -
+|HIP 46974
+| Inside the Hull
+|4.09
+|-
+|28
+| NGC 3114
+|NGC 3114
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.2
+|-
+|29
+| -
+|HIP 52154
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.267
+|-
+|30
+|IC 2581
+|IC 2581
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.3
+|-
+|31
+|V343 Car
+|HIP 42568
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.313
+|-
+|32
+| -
+|HIP 45496
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.318
+|-
+|33
+| -
+|HIP 47175
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.35
+|-
+|34
+| -
+|HIP 51849
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.43
+|-
+|35
+|V344 Car
+|HIP 43105
+| Inside the Hull
+| 4.49
+|-
+|36
+| -
+|HIP 47391
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.498
+|-
+|37
+|MV Vel
+|HIP 50676
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.51
+|-
+|38
+|GZ Vel
+|HIP 50555
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.543
+|-
+|39
+|V520 Car
+|HIP 52468
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.545
+|-
+|40
+| -
+|HIP 48374
+| Inside the Hull
+|4.58
+|-
+|41
+|IC 2395
+|IC 2395
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.6
+|-
+|42
+|V399 Car
+|HIP 51192
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.7
+|-
+| 43
+|H Vel
+|HIP 43878
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.723
+|-
+|44
+| -
+|HIP 42624
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.77
+|-
+|45
+| -
+|HIP 45856
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.8
+|-
+|46
+|HY Vel
+| HIP 42726
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.815
+|-
+|47
+| -
+|HIP 41039
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.82
+|-
+|48
+| -
+|HIP 49712
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.845
+|-
+|49
+| -
+| HIP 42134
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.847
+|-
+|50
+| -
+|HIP 52102
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.87
+|-
+|51
+| -
+|HIP 51523
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.89
+|-
+|52
+|V376 Car
+|HIP 43937
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.895
+|-
+|53
+| -
+|HIP 43347
+|Inside the Hull
+|4.935
+|-
+|54
+|GX Vel
+|HIP 45085
+|Inside the Hull
+|5
+|-
+|55
+| -
+|HIP 42088
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.01
+|-
+| 56
+| -
+|HIP 46950
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.03
+|-
+|57
+| GU Vel
+|HIP 41483
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.073
+|-
+|58
+| -
+| HIP 51912
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.088
+|-
+| 59
+| -
+|HIP 46283
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.089
+|-
+|60
+| -
+|HIP 45505
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.094
+|-
+|61
+|KX Vel
+|HIP 43413
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.11
+|-
+|62
+| -
+|HIP 46914
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.12
+|-
+|63
+|FZ Vel
+| HIP 44093
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.146
+|-
+| 64
+| -
+|HIP 42834
+|Inside the Hull
+| 5.16
+|-
+|65
+| -
+|HIP 44143
+|Inside the Hull
+| 5.16
+|-
+|66
+|* B Vel A
+|HIP 41039
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.17
+|-
+|67
+| -
+|HIP 41296
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.17
+|-
+|68
+|NZ Vel
+|HIP 42504
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.19
+|-
+| 69
+| -
+|HR 3976
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.22
+|-
+|70
+|LN Vel
+|HIP 42679
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.227
+|-
+| 71
+| -
+|HIP 42129
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.234
+|-
+|72
+| -
+|HIP 45328
+|Inside the Hull
+| 5.254
+|-
+|73
+| -
+|HIP 45631
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.254
+|-
+|74
+| -
+|HIP 49698
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.258
+|-
+|75
+|LW Vel
+|HIP 50070
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.265
+|-
+|76
+| -
+|HIP 51313
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.27
+|-
+|77
+| -
+|HIP 43671
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.302
+|-
+|78
+| -
+| HIP 47479
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.307
+|-
+| 79
+| -
+| HIP 45571
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.39
+|-
+|80
+| -
+|HIP 42459
+|Inside the Hull
+| 5.439
+|-
+| 81
+| -
+|HIP 52004
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.45
+|-
+|82
+| OP Vel
+|HIP 43082
+| Inside the Hull
+| 5.459
+|-
+|83
+| -
+|HIP 46594
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.46
+|-
+|84
+| -
+|HIP 47204
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.467
+|-
+|85
+|HX Vel
+|HIP 42712
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.468
+|-
+| 86
+|KT Vel
+|HIP 42715
+| Inside the Hull
+| 5.474
+|-
+|87
+|Cl Trumpler 14
+|Cl Trumpler 14
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.5
+|-
+|88
+| -
+|HIP 52405
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.51
+|-
+|89
+| -
+|HIP 40282
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.514
+|-
+| 90
+| -
+|HIP 45219
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.532
+|-
+|91
+| * 33 Vel A
+|HIP 41616
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.535
+|-
+|92
+| -
+| HIP 47717
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.544
+|-
+|93
+| -
+|HIP 51140
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.546
+|-
+|94
+| -
+| HR 3817
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.56
+|-
+|95
+| -
+| HIP 48310
+|Inside the Hull
+| 5.56
+|-
+|96
+| -
+|HR 3605
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.57
+|-
+|97
+| -
+|HIP 43499
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.59
+|-
+|98
+| -
+|HIP 45920
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.608
+|-
+|99
+| -
+|HIP 42535
+| Inside the Hull
+| 5.61
+|-
+|100
+| -
+|HIP 48348
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.617
+|-
+|101
+| -
+|HIP 50520
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.67
+|-
+|102
+| -
+|HIP 43797
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.698
+|-
+|103
+| -
+|HIP 48613
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.705
+|-
+|104
+|S Car
+|HIP 49751
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.71
+|-
+|105
+| -
+|HIP 48287
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.711
+|-
+|106
+| -
+|HIP 45962
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.729
+|-
+|107
+| -
+|HIP 43148
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.748
+|-
+|108
+| -
+|HIP 49934
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.75
+|-
+| 109
+| -
+|HIP 43669
+| Inside the Hull
+| 5.768
+|-
+|110
+| -
+| HIP 45122
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.769
+|-
+| 111
+| -
+|HIP 46225
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.77
+|-
+|112
+| -
+|HIP 48339
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.778
+|-
+|113
+| -
+|HIP 44256
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.78
+|-
+|114
+| -
+|HIP 42177
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.782
+|-
+|115
+| -
+| HIP 47498
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.794
+|-
+|116
+| -
+|HIP 50493
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.8
+|-
+| 117
+| -
+|HIP 40077
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.806
+|-
+|118
+| -
+| HIP 45314
+|Inside the Hull
+| 5.85
+|-
+|119
+| -
+|HIP 44024
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.876
+|-
+| 120
+|V514 Car
+|HIP 52043
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.876
+|-
+|121
+| -
+|HIP 42614
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.879
+|-
+| 122
+| -
+|HR 4020
+|Inside the Hull
+| 5.88
+|-
+| 123
+| -
+|HIP 46460
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.886
+|-
+|124
+| -
+|HIP 41081
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.887
+|-
+|125
+|V482 Car
+|HIP 46620
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.888
+|-
+|126
+| -
+|HIP 43589
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.889
+|-
+|127
+| -
+|HIP 46482
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.904
+|-
+|128
+| -
+|HIP 50078
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.91
+|-
+|129
+| -
+|HIP 45270
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.92
+|-
+|130
+| -
+|HIP 49164
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.928
+|-
+|131
+|LR Vel
+|HIP 45675
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.93
+|-
+|132
+| -
+|HIP 50993
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.93
+|-
+|133
+|V335 Vel
+|HIP 48527
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.932
+|-
+|134
+| -
+| HIP 40932
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.954
+|-
+|135
+| -
+|HIP 41674
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.969
+|-
+|136
+| -
+|HIP 52127
+| Inside the Hull
+|5.979
+|-
+|137
+| -
+|HIP 47559
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.98
+|-
+|138
+| -
+|HIP 46101
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.988
+|-
+|139
+|* ups Car B
+|HR 3891
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.99
+|-
+|140
+| -
+|HIP 45418
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.993
+|-
+|141
+| -
+|HIP 43620
+|Inside the Hull
+|5.998
+|-
+|142
+| -
+|HIP 51623
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.006
+|-
+|143
+| -
+|HIP 41861
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.021
+|-
+|144
+| -
+|HR 3386
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.03
+|-
+|145
+| -
+|HIP 46328
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.039
+|-
+|146
+| -
+|HIP 45481
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.04
+|-
+|147
+| -
+|HIP 41373
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.041
+|-
+|148
+| -
+|HIP 48119
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.047
+|-
+|149
+| -
+|HIP 48835
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.05
+|-
+|150
+| -
+|HD 92463
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.06
+|-
+|151
+| -
+|HIP 44708
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.081
+|-
+| 152
+| -
+|HIP 46093
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.086
+|-
+|153
+| -
+| HIP 51245
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.086
+|-
+| 154
+| -
+| HIP 50044
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.087
+|-
+|155
+|* B Vel B
+|HIP 41039
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.1
+|-
+|156
+|NGC 2669
+|NGC 2669
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.1
+|-
+|157
+| R Car
+|HIP 46806
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.1
+|-
+|158
+| -
+| HR 3840
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.1
+|-
+|159
+|IV Vel
+| HIP 48799
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.115
+|-
+| 160
+| -
+|HIP 50232
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.134
+|-
+|161
+|V478 Car
+|HIP 45615
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.136
+|-
+|162
+| -
+|HIP 49994
+| Inside the Hull
+|6.147
+|-
+|163
+|IP Vel
+| HIP 47694
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.168
+|-
+|164
+| -
+|HIP 47172
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.177
+|-
+|165
+| -
+|HIP 49137
+| Inside the Hull
+|6.181
+|-
+|166
+| -
+|HIP 46067
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.188
+|-
+|167
+| -
+|HIP 49233
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.19
+|-
+|168
+| -
+|HIP 49160
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.191
+|-
+|169
+|Cl Bochum 10
+|Cl Bochum 10
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.2
+|-
+|170
+| -
+|HR 3817
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.21
+|-
+|171
+| -
+|HIP 47913
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.211
+|-
+| 172
+| -
+|HIP 45002
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.22
+|-
+| 173
+| -
+|HIP 50287
+| Inside the Hull
+|6.22
+|-
+|174
+| -
+|HIP 41986
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.221
+|-
+|175
+| -
+|HIP 47145
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.23
+|-
+|176
+| -
+|HIP 51732
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.238
+|-
+|177
+| -
+|HIP 49394
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.24
+|-
+|178
+| -
+|HIP 42717
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.243
+|-
+|179
+| -
+|HR 4065
+| Inside the Hull
+|6.25
+|-
+|180
+| -
+|HIP 46737
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.255
+|-
+|181
+| -
+|HIP 43807
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.26
+|-
+|182
+| -
+|HR 3840
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.26
+|-
+|183
+| -
+|HIP 51676
+| Inside the Hull
+|6.26
+|-
+|184
+| -
+|HIP 46045
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.264
+|-
+| 185
+| -
+|HIP 46049
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.265
+|-
+|186
+| -
+|HIP 43195
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.266
+|-
+|187
+| -
+| HIP 45742
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.268
+|-
+|188
+|GY Vel
+|HIP 50332
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.3
+|-
+|189
+| -
+|HIP 50562
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.3
+|-
+|190
+|C 1033-598
+|C 1033-598
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.3
+|-
+|191
+| -
+| HIP 45437
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.311
+|-
+|192
+| -
+|HIP 52160
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.314
+|-
+|193
+| -
+|HIP 45603
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.319
+|-
+|194
+|V486 Car
+|HIP 47591
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.32
+|-
+|195
+| -
+| HIP 50916
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.325
+|-
+|196
+| -
+|HIP 41813
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.333
+|-
+|197
+| -
+|HIP 41653
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.346
+|-
+| 198
+| -
+|HR 3971
+| Inside the Hull
+| 6.35
+|-
+|199
+| -
+|HIP 50785
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.35
+|-
+|200
+|V473 Car
+|HIP 43763
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.353
+|-
+|201
+| -
+|HIP 44665
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.355
+|-
+|202
+| -
+|HIP 45214
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.358
+|-
+|203
+| -
+|HIP 49223
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.371
+|-
+|204
+| -
+|HIP 41781
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.373
+|-
+|205
+| -
+|HIP 44423
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.377
+|-
+|206
+| -
+|HIP 48730
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.377
+|-
+|207
+| -
+| HIP 49619
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.384
+|-
+|208
+|V368 Car
+|HIP 49926
+| Inside the Hull
+| 6.4
+|-
+| 209
+| -
+| HIP 51461
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.401
+|-
+|210
+| -
+|HIP 47422
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.403
+|-
+|211
+| -
+|HIP 50067
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.41
+|-
+|212
+| -
+| HIP 49092
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.412
+|-
+|213
+| -
+|HIP 51984
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.417
+|-
+|214
+| -
+|HIP 40433
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.418
+|-
+|215
+| -
+|HIP 51327
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.418
+|-
+|216
+|WR 22
+|HIP 52308
+|Inside the Hull
+| 6.42
+|-
+|217
+|V507 Car
+|HIP 51265
+| Inside the Hull
+|6.426
+|-
+|218
+| -
+|HIP 51866
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.43
+|-
+|219
+| -
+|HIP 42400
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.431
+|-
+|220
+| -
+|HIP 44509
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.438
+|-
+|221
+| -
+| HIP 40749
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.44
+|-
+|222
+|V469 Car
+|HIP 41644
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.44
+|-
+|223
+| -
+|HIP 44565
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.44
+|-
+|224
+|V495 Car
+|HIP 49642
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.44
+|-
+|225
+| -
+|HIP 50069
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.46
+|-
+|226
+| -
+|HIP 50520
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.46
+|-
+|227
+|V487 Car
+|HIP 47893
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.471
+|-
+|228
+| -
+|HIP 44979
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.476
+|-
+|229
+| -
+|HIP 42440
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.48
+|-
+|230
+| -
+|HIP 52103
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.48
+|-
+|231
+|WR 24
+|HIP 52488
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.48
+|-
+|232
+| -
+|HIP 41905
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.481
+|-
+|233
+| -
+|HIP 41426
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.49
+|-
+|234
+|QZ Vel
+|HIP 48469
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.491
+|-
+|235
+| -
+|HIP 49477
+|Inside the Hull
+|6.492
+|}
 ===Additional ===
 ====II. Deity. ====
-         The epithet ''mār bīti'', used in MUL.APIN in connection with the Harrow, had two serpent deities venerated in Der: ''Šaḫan'' (the correct reading is ''Irḫan'' [McEvan 1983, 223; Krebernik 1984, 298ff.]), and ''Nirah'' (<sup>d</sup>''Niraḫ ilu šu-pu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''mār bīti ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>uru</sup>''De-e-erki'' "Nirah, the brilliant god, prince of Der" [McEvan 1983, 222, note 31]), see also [Tallqvist 1938, 120, 440]. Could one claim on this basis that the Harrow constellation was associated with one of these deities? The name <sup>(giš)</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> as a royal name is given in the "Sumerian King List", in the section related to Kish, see [Jacobsen 1939, 76-77]. [Jacobsen 1939, 76-77:43-45; Hallo 1963, 52].
+         The epithet ''mār bīti'', used in MUL.APIN in connection with the Harrow, had two serpent deities venerated in Der: ''Šaḫan'' (the correct reading is ''Irḫan'' [McEwan 1983<ref name=":6">''McEwan G.J.P.'' <sup>d</sup>MUŠ and Related Matters // Or. 1983. Vol. 52, Fasc. 2. P. 215-229.</ref>, 223; Krebernik 1984<ref>''Krebernik M.'' Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla. Hildesheim-Zürich-N.Y., 1984</ref>, 298ff.]), and ''Nirah'' (<sup>d</sup>''Niraḫ ilu šu-pu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''mār bīti ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>uru</sup>''De-e-erki'' "Nirah, the brilliant god, prince of Der" [McEwan 1983<ref name=":6" />, 222, note 31]), see also [Tallqvist 1938<ref>''Tallqvist K''. Akkadische Götterepitheta. Helsingforsiae, 1938.</ref>, 120, 440]. Could one claim on this basis that the Harrow constellation was associated with one of these deities? The name <sup>(giš)</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> as a royal name is given in the "Sumerian King List", in the section related to Kish, see [Jacobsen 1939, 76-77:43-45; Hallo 1963<ref>''Hallo W.W.'' Beginning and End of the Sumerian King List in the Nippur Recension // JCS. 1963. Vol. 17. P.</ref>, 52].
 ====III. Symbol.====
-         Unknown. For a description on the designs of the harrow used in tilling the fields in ancient Mesopotamia, see [Salonen 1968, 109-115]. [Salonen 1968, 109-115].
+         Unknown. For a description on the designs of the harrow used in tilling the fields in ancient Mesopotamia, see [Salonen 1968<ref>''Salonen A''. Agricultura Mesopotamica. Helsinki, 1968.         </ref>, 109-115].
 ====IV. Identification. ====
-         = Crux [G. 66];
+         = Crux [Gössmann<ref name=":1" /> 66];
-         = Ara (?) [Weidner 1957-59, 79];
+         = Ara (?) [Weidner 1957-59<ref>''Weidner E.'' mul gir<sub>2</sub>.tab = ''zuqaqîpi'' // AfO. 1957-1958. Bd. 18. S. 393-394].</ref>, 79];
-         = eastern part of Vela [MA, 138; ASM, 273].
+         = eastern part of Vela [MA<ref name=":5" />, 138; ASM<ref>''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 273].
 ====V. Parts of the constellation.====
-        ''ni-šik ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>. “Harrow’s bite,” see above.
+         ''ni-šik ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>. “Harrow’s bite,” see above.
 ====VI. Astrology.*====
          Identifications:
-         (1) = Mercury; <sup>mul</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>udu.idim.gu<sub>4</sub>.ud  = Mercury" [CT 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 1].
+         (1) = Mercury; <sup>mul</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> = <sup>d</sup>udu.idim.gu<sub>4</sub>.ud  " [CT<ref>''Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.''</ref> 25, 13, K.4339 rev. col. iv 1].
          Predictions:
-         (2) Goat (=Venus) reaches the Harrow (=Mercury); <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI ŠUB-''tim'' AB<sub>2</sub>.GU[D.ḪI.A.. "The goat reaches Harrow: there will be an epidemic among the cattle this year." [BPO 2, II 12e], see also [Borger 1973, 41:17′; SpTU III, 101: 27].
+         (2) Goat (=Venus) reaches the Harrow (=Mercury); <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI ŠUB-''tim'' AB<sub>2</sub>.GU[D.ḪI.A.. "The goat reaches Harrow: there will be an epidemic among the cattle this year." [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, II 12e], see also [Borger 1973<ref name=":4" />, 41:17′; SpTU III<ref name=":2" />, 101: 27].
-         (3) Goat (=Venus) reaches Harrow (=Mercury) from the south; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub><sup>?</sup>] <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> A<sub>2</sub> IM.U<sub>x</sub>.LU KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI AB<sub>2</sub>.GUD.ḪI.A U<sub>8</sub>.UDU.ḪI.A ŠUB.ME "[If the Goat] reaches the Harrow from the south: in this year herds of cattle and small cattle will die" [BPO 3, 94, K.2226+:ii 40], for parallels see. [BPO 2, II 12f ]. See also [ACh Suppl. 2, 54:6-7].
+         (3) Goat (=Venus) reaches Harrow (=Mercury) from the south; [DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>UZ<sub>3</sub><sup>?</sup>] <sup>mul giš</sup>GAN<sub>2</sub>.UR<sub>3</sub> A<sub>2</sub> IM.U<sub>x</sub>.LU KUR-''ud ina'' MU BI AB<sub>2</sub>.GUD.ḪI.A U<sub>8</sub>.UDU.ḪI.A ŠUB.ME "[If the Goat] reaches the Harrow from the south: in this year herds of cattle and small cattle will die" [BPO 3<ref name=":3" />, 94, K.2226+:ii 40], for parallels see. [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, II 12f ]. See also [ACh Suppl.<ref>''Ch. Virolleaud'', L'astrologie chaldéenne S(in); Shamasz; Isht(ar); Adad; S/Supp. = Supplément; SS / 2.Supp. = Second Supplément (Paris 1905 - 1912)</ref> 2, 54:6-7].
 ==Historical Dictionaries==

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GAN2.UR3: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 15:41, 21 November 2025

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sources and Identification(s)

Stars within the Constellation Area

Additional

II. Deity.

III. Symbol.

IV. Identification.

V. Parts of the constellation.

VI. Astrology.*

Historical Dictionaries

(mul)Maškakātu

References

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