ANŠE.KUR.RA

^mulANŠE.KUR.RA (𒀯𒀲𒆳𒊏) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Krebernik (2023)

ANŠE.KUR.RA = sisû “horse”. ^mulANŠE.KUR.RA (EN 29r).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= sīsû "horse" [BPO 2, 10; G. 32]; a constellation in the vicinity of Pegasus or Cassiopeia.

Sources and Identification(s)

Sources	Identifications
MUL.APIN. List of the stars of Enlil (no. 29): MUL ša2 ina GUB3-šu2 GUB-zu mulANŠE.KUR.RA "The star that stands in it (i.e. mulUD.KA.DU8.A) left side: the Horse" (I i 30) [MA 27].	MUL.APIN I i 29-32 lists a set of constellations as entourage of the UD.KA.DU8.A-demon: "The asterism which stands at its right side: the Pig, Damu. The asterism which stands at its left side: the Horse. The asterism which stands behind it: The Stag, [...]. The dusky stars which stand in the breast of the Stag: ...". The image of the UD.KA.DU8.A-demon can be attached to the stars because its heel (λ And) and its breat (α Cyg) are well-determined ziqpu-stars. Thus, the Horse and the Pig can be arranged according to the text at the demon's left and right side, squeezed in between the well-defined constellations of mulIKU, mulAPIN, and Anunītu. UD.KA.DU8.A and its entourage in Stellarium: The Horse, The Stag, The Pig to its left and right (paintings by Jessica Gullberg 2021). The identification of The Pig is uncertain; it could also be in the area of Delphinus, but as the two stars at the end of Sagitta form a pair like a pig's nose, this orientation was chosen. The terms "left" and "right" are not well defined, especially with regard to a figure that is seen from the side.
"The Great Star List and Miscellenia". mul dim.dugudmušen = mulanše.kur.ra " Anzu bird = Horse". [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:159; Weidner 1959-60, 107:21, 108]; for a parallel see. [SpTU I, 50:36].	Mesopotamia 6000-1500 BC Gallery, British Museum, London, England, UK. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com. Cylinder seal and modern impression: winged horse with claws and horns. Ca. 14th–13th century BCE. Middle Assyrian. By the classical period the Horse constellation in Assyria and Babylonia came to be a Greek Pegasus-like figure identified with Sumerian mulIM.DUGUD = anzû.  Earlier the IM.DUGUD. mulIM.DUGUD = anzû althought the earlier flying constellation was depicted as a Lion headed eagle.
List of stars VR 46, 1:20. mulanše.kur.ra = dim.dugudmušen "Horse = Anzu bird", see also [HBA 51:20; Wee 2016, 162-3:20]; for a parallel see. [SpTU I, 50:36]; identity in BM 52938: an-zu-u2 = si-su-[u2] [CAD S, 334a].
Dalbanna-text. §e. mul x [x x x x x x] ˹mul!˺ sag ˹anše.kur.ra˺ u mulsim.maḫ 4 mul.meš [x x x x x 2 da]l.ba.an.na dal.ba.an.na mulsag sim.m[aḫ x x x] x dal. ba.an.na murub4 suḫuš ki-lal-la-an ma[ḫ-ru] "Asterism [...] (7 And, β Cas) head of Horse and Swallow (β,ε Peg): 4 stars [...2 in]tervals, interval. Swall[ow’s] head x interval. Middle (and?) foundation, both first[s]." [Walker 1995, 36; ASM, 108]; according to [Koch 1995, 48, 61], mulx [x x] = mulz[ap-pi šaḫ]? "Pig’s Bristle" (7 And), [x x x x] = [multir.an.na]? "[Rainbow]" (β Cas), ˹mulǃ˺ sag ˹anše.kur.ra˺ = (β Peg), mulsim.maḫ = (ω Psc), mulsag sim.m[aḫ] = (ε Peg).	These sections of the text remain unclear.
In astrological commentaries: eq(TUG!)-bu ša2 mulANŠE.KUR.RA "Horse's hoof". [ACh Ištar, 34:19; CAD S, 334a].

Stars within the Constellation Area

id	Label	IAU design.	description	Vmag
1	Eltanin	HIP 87833	within constellation lines	2.23
2	Alderamin	HIP 105199	within constellation lines	2.46
3	Rastaban	HIP 85670	within constellation lines	2.81
4	Altais	HIP 94376	within constellation lines	3.07
5	Alfirk	HIP 106032	within constellation lines	3.23
6	η Cephei	HIP 102422	within constellation lines	3.41
7	Grumium	HIP 87585	within constellation lines	3.75
8	ι 2 Cygni	HIP 95853	within constellation lines	3.755
9	κ Cygni	HIP 94779	within constellation lines	3.76
10	ϵ Draconis	HIP 97433	within constellation lines	3.91
11	θ Cephei	HIP 101093	within constellation lines	4.22
12	33 Cyg	HIP 99655	Inside the Hull	4.271
13	ρ Draconis	HIP 98702	Inside the Hull	4.5
14	π Draconis	HIP 95081	Inside the Hull	4.59
15	ο Draconis	HIP 92512	Inside the Hull	4.636
16	45 Dra	HIP 90905	Inside the Hull	4.761
17	ν 2 Draconis	HIP 85829	Inside the Hull	4.85
18	ν 1 Draconis	HIP 85819	within constellation lines	4.89
19	-	HIP 98073	Inside the Hull	4.96
20	54 Dra	HIP 94490	Inside the Hull	5.003
21	46 Dra	HIP 91755	Inside the Hull	5.02
22	* b Dra A	HIP 90156	Inside the Hull	5.05
23	53 Dra	HIP 94302	Inside the Hull	5.125
24	23 Cyg	HIP 97870	Inside the Hull	5.132
25	6 Cep	HIP 105268	Inside the Hull	5.18
26	64 Dra	HIP 98583	Inside the Hull	5.27
27	-	HIP 91013	Inside the Hull	5.38
28	51 Dra	HIP 93713	Inside the Hull	5.38
29	66 Dra	HIP 98962	Inside the Hull	5.408
30	49 Dra	HIP 93340	Inside the Hull	5.513
31	-	HIP 92549	Inside the Hull	5.52
32	AC Dra	HIP 100261	Inside the Hull	5.55
33	4 Cep	HIP 102253	Inside the Hull	5.6
34	-	HIP 92969	Inside the Hull	5.621
35	48 Dra	HIP 92997	Inside the Hull	5.663
36	-	HIP 100357	Inside the Hull	5.69
37	68 Dra	HIP 99500	Inside the Hull	5.7
38	DE Dra	HIP 100221	Inside the Hull	5.709
39	-	HIP 91315	Inside the Hull	5.74
40	ι 1 Cygni	HIP 95656	Inside the Hull	5.75
41	Alruba	HIP 86782	Inside the Hull	5.76
42	-	HIP 99663	Inside the Hull	5.78
43	-	HIP 96620	Inside the Hull	5.87
44	V1762 Cyg	HIP 94013	Inside the Hull	5.893
45	-	HIP 97122	Inside the Hull	5.899
46	CX Dra	HIP 92133	Inside the Hull	5.9
47	-	HIP 95038	Inside the Hull	5.91
48	-	HIP 100017	Inside the Hull	5.91
49	-	HIP 89047	Inside the Hull	5.98
50	-	HIP 91525	Inside the Hull	5.992
51	-	HIP 102011	Inside the Hull	6
52	-	HIP 97892	Inside the Hull	6.058
53	-	HIP 87744	Inside the Hull	6.081
54	-	HIP 91606	Inside the Hull	6.091
55	-	HIP 98044	Inside the Hull	6.1
56	-	HR 7075	Inside the Hull	6.13
57	-	HIP 91915	Inside the Hull	6.13
58	-	HIP 98308	Inside the Hull	6.15
59	-	HIP 98111	Inside the Hull	6.16
60	-	HIP 102216	Inside the Hull	6.16
61	-	HIP 98946	Inside the Hull	6.18
62	-	HIP 91843	Inside the Hull	6.19
63	-	HIP 94974	Inside the Hull	6.231
64	-	HIP 92731	Inside the Hull	6.232
65	65 Dra	HIP 98658	Inside the Hull	6.25
66	-	HIP 91985	Inside the Hull	6.259
67	55 Dra	HIP 94140	Inside the Hull	6.26
68	-	HIP 98890	Inside the Hull	6.28
69	-	HIP 97070	Inside the Hull	6.282
70	-	HIP 98872	Inside the Hull	6.284
71	-	HIP 96164	Inside the Hull	6.29
72	-	HIP 97033	Inside the Hull	6.295
73	CN Dra	HIP 97326	Inside the Hull	6.331
74	-	HIP 90146	Inside the Hull	6.352
75	V1817 Cyg	HIP 96003	Inside the Hull	6.369
76	-	HIP 95576	Inside the Hull	6.38
77	-	HIP 96316	Inside the Hull	6.38
78	-	HIP 93466	Inside the Hull	6.389
79	-	HIP 104788	Inside the Hull	6.39
80	-	HIP 90476	Inside the Hull	6.42
81	-	HIP 100714	Inside the Hull	6.441
82	-	HIP 93068	Inside the Hull	6.45
83	-	HIP 102771	Inside the Hull	6.451
84	-	HIP 96297	Inside the Hull	6.46
85	V1351 Cyg	HIP 96919	Inside the Hull	6.48
86	-	HIP 102370	Inside the Hull	6.48
87	-	HIP 93053	Inside the Hull	6.49
88	-	HIP 99294	Inside the Hull	6.49
89	-	HIP 96771	Inside the Hull	6.5

Additional

II. Deity.

          The Horse constellation is identified with Anzu, a well-known Sumero-Akkadian mythical character (see Kurtik i07 ^dIM.DUGUD^mušen). For what reasons and when exactly in astral mythology Anzu was associated with the Horse, remains unclear. Texts containing this identity date back to the 1st millennium B.C. The absence of the name in lexical texts indicate a rather late origin of the name. On the probable mythological basis of the identification see. [CAD A/2, 155; Livingstone 1986, 147-148].

III. Symbol.

            The identification of this constellation with Pegasus suggested by J. Koch (see section IV) (if it took place in reality!?) suggests that at the period when Mesopotamian tradition connected with the stars was known to the Greeks (8-5 cc. BCE) the figure of horse was already considered as its symbol in Mesopotamia. The images of the horse's head on the kudurru see [Seidl 1968. [Seidl 1968, 145, XXIX; Kurtik 2007, fig. 8].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, a39)	Gössmann (1950)
= sīsû «Конь» [BPO 2, 10; G. 32]; созвездия в области Пегаса (Pegasus) или Кассиопеи (Cassiopeia).
MUL.APIN. Список звезд Энлиля (№ 29): MUL ša2 ina GUB3-šu2 GUB-zu mulANŠE.KUR.RA «Звезда, которая стоит с его (т.е. mulUD.KA.DU8.A) левой стороны: Конь» (I i 30) [MA 27]. «Большой список звезд». mul dim.dugudmušen = mulanše.kur.ra «Птица Анзу = Конь» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:159; Weidner 1959–60, 107:21, 108]; параллель см. [SpTU I, 50:36]. Список звезд VR 46, 1:20. mulanše.kur.ra = dim.dugudmušen «Конь = птица Анзу», см. также [HBA 51:20; Wee 2016, 162–3:20]; параллель см. [SpTU I, 50:36]; тождество в BM 52938: an-zu-u2 = si-su-[u2] [CAD S, 334а]. Dalbanna-текст. §e. mul x [x x x x x x] ˹mul!˺ sag ˹anše.kur.ra˺ u mulsim.maḫ 4 mul.meš [x x x x x 2 da]l.ba.an.na dal.ba.an.na mulsag sim.m[aḫ x x x x] x dal.ba.an.na murub4 suḫuš ki-lal-la-an ma[ḫ-ru] «Звезда […] (7 And, β Cas) голова Коня и Ласточка (β,ε Peg): 4 звезды […2 ин]тервала, интервал. Голова Ласточ[ки …] x интервал. Середина (и?) основание, оба пер[вые].» [Walker 1995, 36; ASM, 108]; согласно [Koch 1995, 48, 61], mulx [x x] = mulz[ap-pi šaḫ]? «Щетина Свиньи» (7 And), [x x x x] =  [multir.an.na]? «[Радуга]» (β Cas), ˹mul!˺ sag ˹anše.kur.ra˺ = (β Peg), mulsim.maḫ = (ω Psc), mulsag sim.m[aḫ] = (ε Peg). В астрологическом комментарии: eq(TUG!)-bu ša2 mulANŠE.KUR.RA «Копыто Лошади» [ACh Ištar, 34:19; CAD S, 334a].
II. Божество. Созвездие Конь отождествлялось с Анзу, известным персонажем шумеро-аккадских мифов (см. i07dIM.DUGUDmušen). Вследствие каких причин и когда именно в астральной мифологии Анзу был связан с Конем, остается невыясненным. Тексты, содержащие это тождество, относятся к I тыс. до н.э. Отсутствие названия в лексических текстах свидетельствует о достаточно позднем его происхождении. О вероятной мифологической основе отождествления см. [CAD A/2, 155; Livingstone 1986, 147–148]. III. Символ. Предполагаемое Й.Кохом (см. раздел IV) отождествление данного созвездия с Пегасом (если, конечно, оно имело место в действительности!?) наводит на мысль, что в период, когда месопотамская традиция, связанная со звездами, стала известна грекам (VIII–V вв. до н.э.), фигура коня уже считалась его символом в Месопотамии. Изображения головы коня на кудурру см. [Seidl 1968, 145, XXIX; Куртик 2007, рис. 8]. IV. Отождествление. = Equuleus [G. 32; Weidner 1957–59, 79a]; = α, β, γ, δ+ Cassiopeiae (?) [MA, 138]; = β, η, ι, κ, λ, μ Pegasi [Koch 1995, 61, Anm. 20]; = часть Кассиопеи (Cassiopeia) [Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C]; = α, β, γ, δ Cassiopeiae [ASM, 273]; = Пегас и Кассиопея [Beaulieu et al. 2018, 71]. V. Части созвездия и отдельные звезды. (1) Голова Коня, см. dbn-текст. (2) Копыто Коня, см. выше.

References

• Kurtik's references