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{{distinguish| KA5.A}}
{{distinguish| KA5.A}}
[[File:BabFox stellarium2025.jpg|thumb|Babylonian constellation KA<sub>5</sub> (Fox) in Stellarium (CC BY SMH2019).]]
[[File:Eagle+Corpse MULAPIN-jessica2022.jpg|thumb|Babylonian constellations The Eagle and The Corpse, drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium, cf. Gullberg, Hoffmann, Gullberg (2022)]]
<sup>mul</sup>KA (𒀯𒅗) = ''pû'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism that is equaled to the constellation of The Dead Man ([[AD6|AD<sub>6</sub>]], ''pagru''), and can be used more generally to refer to mouth-shape asterisms in larger astral figures, for example <sup>mul</sup>KA.MUŠ.I<sub>3</sub>.GU<sub>7</sub>.E (k05) and the mouths of two asterisms in the Dalbanna-text (see below).
<sup>mul</sup>KA (𒀯𒅗) = ''pû'' is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism that is equaled to the constellation of The Dead Man ([[AD6|AD<sub>6</sub>]], ''pagru''), and can be used more generally to refer to mouth-shape asterisms in larger astral figures, for example [[KA.MUŠ.I3.GU7.E|<sup>mul</sup>KA.MUŠ.I<sub>3</sub>.GU<sub>7</sub>.E]] (Kurtik k05) and the mouths of two asterisms in the Dalbanna-text (see below).


The Sumerian KA is used in the gloss <sup>mu-ul</sup>ka-a for [[KA5.A|<sup>mul</sup>KA<sub>5</sub>.A]] = ''šēlebu,'' “Fox” in SAA 8 49: 9.
The Sumerian KA is used in the gloss <sup>mu-ul</sup>''ka-a'' for [[KA5.A|<sup>mul</sup>KA<sub>5</sub>.A]] = ''šēlebu,'' “Fox” in SAA 8<ref>''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref> 49: 9.


==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Dictionary==


=== Krebernik (2023) ===
===Krebernik (2023)===
= ''šēlebu,'' “fox”. <sup>mul</sup>KA<sub>5</sub>.A (EN 17r).
= ''šēlebu,'' “fox”. <sup>mul</sup>KA<sub>5</sub>.A (EN 17r).


=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
= ''pû'' "Mouth";
= ''pû'' "Mouth"; Var. designations:


*1) constellation or star in Delphinus (?) [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 204; Reynolds 1999<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.</ref>], in the specific case when it refers to the area of the Dead Man.
Var. designations:
⚫
*2) figure the element of some constellations.

* 1) constellation or star in Delphinus (?) [G. 204; Reynolds 1999], [in the specific case when it refers to the area of the Dead Man]
⚫
* 2) figure the element of some constellations.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
!Sources
!Sources
!Identifications
!Identifications
|-
|-
|'''"Great Star List"'''
|'''"Great Star List"'''
* <sup>mul</sup>ka = <sup>mul</sup>lu<sub>2</sub>.uš<sub>2</sub> "Mouth = Dead Man." [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:160; Weidner 1959-60, 107:22 u. Anm., Taf. XXXI iii 22].
* <sup>mul</sup>ka = <sup>mul</sup>lu<sub>2</sub>.uš<sub>2</sub> "Mouth = Dead Man." [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:160; Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner  E. '' Ein  astrologischer  Sammeltext  aus  der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 107:22 u. Anm., Taf. XXXI iii 22].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Calendrical ritual text BM 55466+.'''
|'''Calendrical ritual text BM 55466+.'''
⚫
*(a) ''pu-uš-ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''pu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''za-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana muḫ-ḫi'' <sup>múl</sup>''pî''(ka) ''qa-bi''
* (a)
⚫
**"Pushshanîtu is his name, which means Angry Mouth, so they say (when referring to) the constellation (star) Mouth";
⚫
** ''pu-uš-ša''<sub>2</sub>''-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''pu-u''<sub>2</sub> ''za-ni-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana muḫ-ḫi'' <sup>múl</sup>''pî''(ka) ''qa-bi''
⚫
*(b) <sup>múl</sup>''pû''(ka): <sup>múl</sup>''pagru''(adda): ''ti-amat tu-u''<sub>16</sub>''-am-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> 2 ''pa-nu-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ziqar''(nita) ''u sinniš''(munus) ''šu-u''<sub>2</sub>
⚫
** "Pushshanîtu is his name, which means Angry Mouth, so they say (when referring to) the constellation (star) Mouth";
⚫
**"(The constellation/star) Mouth is equivalent to (the constellation) Dead Man, which is equivalent to Tiamat. Its name is the female twins and it has two faces, male and female" [STC II<ref>''King L.W.'' The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.</ref>, Pl. LXX r. 12; Reynolds 1999<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.</ref>, 370-371, 376].
* (b) <sup>múl</sup>''pû''(ka):
⚫
** <sup>múl</sup>''pagru''(adda): ''ti-amat tu-u''<sub>16</sub>''-am-tu''<sub>4</sub> ''šum''<sub>3</sub>''-šu''<sub>2</sub> 2 pa-nu-šu<sub>2</sub> ziqar(nita) u sinniš(munus) šu-u<sub>2</sub>
⚫
** "(The constellation/star) Mouth is equivalent to (the constellation) Dead Man, which is equivalent to Tiamat. Its name is the female twins and it has two faces, male and female" [STC II, Pl. LXX r. 12; Reynolds 1999, 370-371, 376].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
* §K. <sup>[mu]l</sup> ka x x x x [Walker 1995, 31; ASM, 106]; = <sup>[mu]l</sup>ka l[u<sup>?</sup>.li]m<sup>?</sup> "mouth of the Stag" (ε Cas), according to [Koch 1995, 58].
*§K. <sup>[mu]l</sup> ka x x x x [Walker 1995, 31; ASM<ref name=":0">''Hunger H., Pingree D.'' Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.</ref>, 106]; = <sup>[mu]l</sup>ka l[u<sup>?</sup>.li]m<sup>?</sup> "mouth of the Stag" (ε Cas), according to [Koch 1995<ref name=":1">''Koch J.'' Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.</ref>, 58].
* §z. <sup>mul</sup>ka ur.gi<sub>7</sub> "mouth of the Dog (φ Her) [Walker 1995, 41; Koch 1995, 51, 64; ASM, 111].
* §z. <sup>mul</sup>ka ur.gi<sub>7</sub> "mouth of the Dog (φ Her) [Walker 1995, 41; Koch 1995<ref name=":1" />, 51, 64; ASM<ref name=":0" />, 111].
|
|
|}
|}
         See also (Kurtik a09) [[AD6|AD<sub>6</sub>]], (Kurtik g24) ''[[Gizzānītu]]''.
         See also (Kurtik a09) [[AD6|AD<sub>6</sub>]], (Kurtik g24) ''[[Gizzānītu]]''.


=== Additional ===
===Additional===


==== II. Identification. ====
==== II. Identification. ====
         As a constellation:
         As a constellation:


         Since the Mouth is identified with the Deadman, we can consider these names as representing the same constellation/star in the constellation Delphinus(?) [Weidner 1959-60, 108, Anm. 22].
         Since the Mouth is identified with the Deadman, we can consider these names as representing the same constellation/star in the constellation Delphinus(?) [Weidner 1959-60<ref>''Weidner  E. '' Ein  astrologischer  Sammeltext  aus  der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.</ref>, 108, Anm. 22].


         As an element of the figure of the constellation:
         As an element of the figure of the constellation:
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         (2) [[LU.LIM]], V 7 (Kurtik L09).
         (2) [[LU.LIM]], V 7 (Kurtik L09).


== Historical Dictionaries ==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, k01)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, k01)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|-
| = pû «Рот»; 1) созвездие или звезда в Дельфине (Delphinus) (?) [G. 204; Reynolds 1999], 2) элемент фигуры некоторых созвездий.
|= pû «Рот»; 1) созвездие или звезда в Дельфине (Delphinus) (?) [G. 204; Reynolds 1999], 2) элемент фигуры некоторых созвездий.
I. Источники.
I. Источники.


Line 80: Line 76:


(2)  LU.LIM, V 7 (L09).
(2)  LU.LIM, V 7 (L09).
| Example
|Example
|}
|}


== References ==
==References==
* [[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]
* [[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]


Latest revision as of 05:13, 7 October 2025

Not to be confused with KA5.A.
Babylonian constellations The Eagle and The Corpse, drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium, cf. Gullberg, Hoffmann, Gullberg (2022)

mulKA (𒀯𒅗) = pû is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism that is equaled to the constellation of The Dead Man (AD6, pagru), and can be used more generally to refer to mouth-shape asterisms in larger astral figures, for example mulKA.MUŠ.I3.GU7.E (Kurtik k05) and the mouths of two asterisms in the Dalbanna-text (see below).

The Sumerian KA is used in the gloss mu-ulka-a for mulKA5.A = šēlebu, “Fox” in SAA 8[1] 49: 9.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Krebernik (2023)

= šēlebu, “fox”. mulKA5.A (EN 17r).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

= pû "Mouth"; Var. designations:

  • 1) constellation or star in Delphinus (?) [Gössmann[2] 204; Reynolds 1999[3]], in the specific case when it refers to the area of the Dead Man.
  • 2) figure the element of some constellations.
Sources Identifications
"Great Star List"
  • mulka = mullu2.uš2 "Mouth = Dead Man." [Mesop.Astrol.[4], App. B:160; Weidner 1959-60[5], 107:22 u. Anm., Taf. XXXI iii 22].
Calendrical ritual text BM 55466+.
  • (a) pu-uš-ša2-ni-tu4 pu-u2 za-ni-tu4 šum3-šu2 ana muḫ-ḫi múlpî(ka) qa-bi
    • "Pushshanîtu is his name, which means Angry Mouth, so they say (when referring to) the constellation (star) Mouth";
  • (b) múlpû(ka): múlpagru(adda): ti-amat tu-u16-am-tu4 šum3-šu2 2 pa-nu-šu2 ziqar(nita) u sinniš(munus) šu-u2
    • "(The constellation/star) Mouth is equivalent to (the constellation) Dead Man, which is equivalent to Tiamat. Its name is the female twins and it has two faces, male and female" [STC II[6], Pl. LXX r. 12; Reynolds 1999[7], 370-371, 376].
Dalbanna-text.
  • §K. [mu]l ka x x x x [Walker 1995, 31; ASM[8], 106]; = [mu]lka l[u?.li]m? "mouth of the Stag" (ε Cas), according to [Koch 1995[9], 58].
  • §z. mulka ur.gi7 "mouth of the Dog (φ Her) [Walker 1995, 41; Koch 1995[9], 51, 64; ASM[8], 111].

         See also (Kurtik a09) AD6, (Kurtik g24) Gizzānītu.

Additional

II. Identification.

         As a constellation:

         Since the Mouth is identified with the Deadman, we can consider these names as representing the same constellation/star in the constellation Delphinus(?) [Weidner 1959-60[10], 108, Anm. 22].

         As an element of the figure of the constellation:

         (1) UR.GI7, V 1 (Kurtik u19).

         (2) LU.LIM, V 7 (Kurtik L09).

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, k01) Gössmann (1950)
= pû «Рот»; 1) созвездие или звезда в Дельфине (Delphinus) (?) [G. 204; Reynolds 1999], 2) элемент фигуры некоторых созвездий.

I. Источники.

«Большой список звезд». mulka = mullu2.uš2 «Рот = Мертвец» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:160; Weidner 1959–60, 107:22 u. Anm., Taf. XXXI iii 22]. Календарный ритуальный текст BM 55466+. a) pu-uš-ša2-ni-tu4 pu-u2 za-ni-tu4 šum3-šu2 ana muḫ-ḫi múlpî(ka) qa-bi «Пушшаниту его имя, что означает Сердитый Рот, так говорят, (когда имеют в виду) созвездие (звезду) Рот»; b) múlpû(ka) : múlpagru(adda) : ti-amat tu-u16-am-tu4 šum3-šu2 2 pa-nu-šu2 ziqar(nita) u sinniš(munus) šu-u2 «(Созвездие/звезда) Рот эквивалентно (созвездию) Мертвец, которое эквивалентно Тиамат. Его имя — женские близнецы, у него два лица – мужское и женское» [STC II, Pl. LXX r. 12; Reynolds 1999, 370–371, 376]. Dalbanna-текст. §K. [mu]l ka x x x [Walker 1995, 31; ASM, 106]; = [mu]lka l[u?.li]m? «рот Оленя» (ε Cas), согласно [Koch 1995, 58]. §z. mulka ur.gi7 «Пасть Пса (φ Her) [Walker 1995, 41; Koch 1995, 51, 64; ASM, 111].

См. также a09AD6, g24Gizzānītu.

II. Отождествление.

Как созвездие:

Поскольку Рот отождествляется с Мертвецом, можно думать, что речь идет о названиях одного и того же созвездия/звезды в созвездии Дельфина(?) [Weidner 1959–60, 108, Anm. 22].

Как элемент фигуры созвездия:

(1)  UR.GI7, V 1 (u19).

(2)  LU.LIM, V 7 (L09).

Example

References

  1. ↑ Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
  2. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  3. ↑ Reynolds F. Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.
  4. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  5. ↑ Weidner  E.  Ein  astrologischer  Sammeltext  aus  der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.
  6. ↑ King L.W. The Seven Tablets of Creation. Vol. I-II. London, 1902.
  7. ↑ Reynolds F. Stellar Representations of Tiāmat and Qingu in a Learned Calendar Text // RAI. 1999. Vol. 42. P. 369-378.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hunger H., Pingree D. Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 1999.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Koch J. Der Dalbanna-Sternenkatalog // WO. 1995. Bd. 26. S. 43-85.
  10. ↑ Weidner  E.  Ein  astrologischer  Sammeltext  aus  der Sargonidenzeit // AfO. 1959-1960. Bd. 19. S. 105-113.
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