KUŠU2: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Cancer pagurus.jpg|thumb|Cancer Pagurus (Taschenkrebs), CC BY Hans Hillewaert. ]] |
[[File:Cancer pagurus.jpg|thumb|Cancer Pagurus (Taschenkrebs), CC BY Hans Hillewaert. ]] |
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<sup>mul</sup>KUŠU<sub>2</sub> (𒀯𒆵) = ''kušû'' "water animal" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. |
<sup>mul</sup>KUŠU<sub>2</sub> (𒀯𒆵) = ''kušû'' "water animal" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. It refers to the zodiac constellation of [[Cancer]]. |
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==Concordance, Etymology, History== |
==Concordance, Etymology, History== |
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===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=== |
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim=== |
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= ''kušû'' "water animal", according to [CAD K, 602a] or a species of crab (Taschenkrebs), according to [AHw, 517]. The name occurs for the first time in the Old Babylonian monolingual star list [Horowitz 2005]. Designation of the zodiacal Crab constellation and the 4th sign of the zodiac in late Babylonian astronomical and astrological texts, adopted in a number of publications, e.g., [Schaumberger 1952; 1955; ACT I-III; SpTU III], etc.]. [[ALLA]] (Kurtik a21) is currently used in the same sense. |
= ''kušû'' "water animal", according to [CAD K, 602a] or a species of crab (Taschenkrebs), according to [AHw, 517]. The name occurs for the first time in the Old Babylonian monolingual star list [Horowitz 2005]. Designation of the zodiacal Crab constellation and the 4th sign of the zodiac in late Babylonian astronomical and astrological texts, adopted in a number of publications, e.g., [Schaumberger 1952; 1955; ACT I-III; SpTU III], etc.]. [[ALLA]] (Kurtik a21) is currently used in the same sense. |
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[[File:Kushu2 Capture.JPG|thumb|KUŠU<sub>2</sub>-sign in its Neo Assysrian version]] |
[[File:Kushu2 Capture.JPG|thumb|KUŠU<sub>2</sub>-sign in its Neo Assysrian version]] |
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In Assyriology there are two graphically similar signs, NAGAR (''alla'') and KUŠU<sub>2</sub>, differing in writing by one vertical wedge [Kurtik 2007, 675, nos. 420, 421; Borger 2004, no. 893, 896]. In |
In Assyriology there are two graphically similar signs, NAGAR (''alla'') and KUŠU<sub>2</sub>, differing in writing by one vertical wedge [Kurtik 2007, 675, nos. 420, 421; Borger 2004, no. 893, 896]. In Late Babylonian texts they apparently merge into becoming a single sign. McHugh (2016)<ref>McHugh, John (2016). How Cuneiform Puns Inspired Some of the Bizarre Greek Constellations and Asterisms', Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies 4/2, 69--100.</ref> tries to derive the star names of Two Donkeys ([[Asellus Borealis]], [[Asellus Australis]]) from a pun with cuneiform signs KUŠU<sub>2</sub> and GIR<sub>3</sub> (donkey), but was proven partially wrong and problematic (Kechagias and Hoffmann 2022)<ref>Kechagias, A.-E. and Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Intercultural Misunderstandings as possible source of ancient constellations., in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (Eds.), Astronomy in Culture - Cultures of Astronomy, tredition, Hamburg, 205-235</ref>. <gallery> |
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File:Gir3 monumental Capture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in monumental script |
File:Gir3 monumental Capture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in monumental script |
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File:Gir3 oldBabCapture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in Old Babylonian script |
File:Gir3 oldBabCapture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in Old Babylonian script |
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File:Gir3 neoAssyrianCapture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in Neo-Assyrian script |
File:Gir3 neoAssyrianCapture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in Neo-Assyrian script |
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File:Gir3 neoBabCapture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in Neo-Babylonian script |
File:Gir3 neoBabCapture.JPG|GIR<sub>3</sub>-sign in Neo-Babylonian script |
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</gallery> However, in the text [LBAT, 1502:19], in the list of ''ziqpu''-stars, there is KU.˹ŠU<sub>2</sub>˺ in the place of AL.LUL (behind MAŠ.TAB.BA); this is probably the word ''kušû'' written syllabically [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76]. If this is in fact the case, the commonly accepted ''alla'' as a reading for NAGAR in astronomical texts can be questioned. |
</gallery> However, in the text [LBAT, 1502:19], in the list of ''ziqpu''-stars, there is KU.˹ŠU<sub>2</sub>˺ in the place of AL.LUL (behind MAŠ.TAB.BA); this is probably the word ''kušû'' written syllabically [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76]. If this is in fact the case, the commonly accepted ''alla'' as a reading for NAGAR in astronomical texts can be questioned. Based on all the above, it is not possible to separate this asterism from 'The Crab' (a##??). |
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==Historical Dictionaries== |
==Historical Dictionaries== |
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[[Category:Cuneiform]] |
[[Category:Cuneiform]] |
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[[Category:Constellation]] |
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[[Category:Cnc]] |
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Revision as of 10:45, 3 September 2025
mulKUŠU2 (𒀯𒆵) = kušû "water animal" is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism. It refers to the zodiac constellation of Cancer.
Concordance, Etymology, History
Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim
= kušû "water animal", according to [CAD K, 602a] or a species of crab (Taschenkrebs), according to [AHw, 517]. The name occurs for the first time in the Old Babylonian monolingual star list [Horowitz 2005]. Designation of the zodiacal Crab constellation and the 4th sign of the zodiac in late Babylonian astronomical and astrological texts, adopted in a number of publications, e.g., [Schaumberger 1952; 1955; ACT I-III; SpTU III], etc.]. ALLA (Kurtik a21) is currently used in the same sense.
In Assyriology there are two graphically similar signs, NAGAR (alla) and KUŠU2, differing in writing by one vertical wedge [Kurtik 2007, 675, nos. 420, 421; Borger 2004, no. 893, 896]. In Late Babylonian texts they apparently merge into becoming a single sign. McHugh (2016)[1] tries to derive the star names of Two Donkeys (Asellus Borealis, Asellus Australis) from a pun with cuneiform signs KUŠU2 and GIR3 (donkey), but was proven partially wrong and problematic (Kechagias and Hoffmann 2022)[2].
GIR3-sign in monumental script
GIR3-sign in Old Babylonian script
GIR3-sign in Neo-Assyrian script
GIR3-sign in Neo-Babylonian script
However, in the text [LBAT, 1502:19], in the list of ziqpu-stars, there is KU.˹ŠU2˺ in the place of AL.LUL (behind MAŠ.TAB.BA); this is probably the word kušû written syllabically [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76]. If this is in fact the case, the commonly accepted alla as a reading for NAGAR in astronomical texts can be questioned. Based on all the above, it is not possible to separate this asterism from 'The Crab' (a##??).
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, k31) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| = kušû «водное животное», согласно [CAD K, 602a] или один из видов краба (Taschenkrebs), согласно [AHw, 517]. Название встречается впервые в старовавилонском одноязычном списке звезд [Horowitz 2005, ] Обозначение зодиакального созвездия Краб и 4-го знака зодиака в поздневавилонских астрономических и астрологических текстах, принятое в ряде публикаций, например, в [Schaumberger 1952; 1955; ACT I–III; SpTU III] и др. В настоящее время в том же значении употребляется ALLA (a21).
В ассириологии существуют два графически близких знака – NAGAR (alla) и KUŠU2, различающиеся на письме одним вертикальным клином [Куртик 2007, 675, № 420, 421; Borger 2004, No. 893, 896]. В поздневавилонских текстах они слились, по-видимому, в один знак. Однако в тексте [LBAT, 1502:19] в списке ziqpu-звезд на месте, где должно находиться AL.LUL (за MAŠ.TAB.BA), стоит KU.˹ŠU2˺; возможно, это слово kušû, записанное силлабически [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76]. Если это на самом деле так, то общепринятое в астрономических текстах alla как чтение для NAGAR может быть поставлено под сомнение. |
Example |
References
- ↑ McHugh, John (2016). How Cuneiform Puns Inspired Some of the Bizarre Greek Constellations and Asterisms', Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies 4/2, 69--100.
- ↑ Kechagias, A.-E. and Hoffmann, S.M. (2022). Intercultural Misunderstandings as possible source of ancient constellations., in Hoffmann and Wolfschmidt (Eds.), Astronomy in Culture - Cultures of Astronomy, tredition, Hamburg, 205-235
