UR.A: Difference between revisions
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UR.A is an abbreviation of UR.GU.LA in the constellation of Leo, The Lion. |
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an ancient Mesopotamian constellation. |
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==Brief Etymology== |
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= nēšu "Lion," abbreviation of <sup>mul</sup>[[UR.GU.LA]] in astronomical and astrological texts of the first millennium BCE. [AHw, 425a, 783a; CAD N/2, 197; G. 160; Weidner 1963, 118, note 45], |
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see |
see also: |
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(a01) [[A]], |
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(u16) UR, |
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== Dictionaries of Mesopotamian Astral Science == |
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Kurtik, Horowitz, Hoffmann |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Sources |
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Kurtik & Horowitz |
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!Identifications |
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Hoffmann |
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|'''Lexical texts.''' |
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[ur?].a = ne2-e-šu2 [CT 18, 43 ii 39]. |
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[[Category:West Asian]] |
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[[Category:Mesopotamian]] |
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'''"Astrolabes."''' |
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[[Category:Constellation]] |
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BM 34713. The month of duuzu, stars of Anu [LBAT, 1499:4], see (k10) [[KAK.SI.SA2|KAK.SI.SA<sub>2</sub>]]. |
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[[Category:Cuneiform]] |
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[[Category:Abbreviation]] |
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'''GU text.''' |
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* (F) 2 mul ˹ša<sub>2</sub>˺ sag.du <sup>mul</sup>˹ur.a˺ "2 stars on the Lion's head." (G4 ˹mul˺.meš ša<sub>2</sub> gaba <sup>mul</sup>ur.a kimin gir<sub>3</sub>II imittu(15) igi-tum ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>ur.a / murub<sub>4</sub> mul˹muš<sup>?</sup>˺ u <sup>mul</sup>nunki gu "4 stars on the chest of the Lion (ziqpu XXII: ζ, γ, η, α Leo) or the frontal right hand side paw of the Lion (π Leo), the middle of the Serpent (κ Hydr) and (constellation) Eridu (λ Vel) : rope". |
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* (H) ½ danna egir 4 ša<sub>2</sub> gaba-šu<sub>2</sub> kimin / gir<sub>3</sub>II murub<sub>4</sub>-˹tu<sub>2</sub> ša<sub>2</sub>˺ <sup>mul</sup>ur.a u šu <sup>mul</sup>nin.maḫ ša<sub>2</sub> ugu ka.kešda gu " (The point corresponding to) half of bēru(150) behind the 4 (stars) on its (i.e. the Lion’s) chest, or the paw on the middle section of the Lion (ρ Leo) and the hand of Ninmah, which is on the knot (φ Vel), – rope." |
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* (I) 2 ˹mul˺.meš ša<sub>2</sub> giš.kun <sup>mul</sup>ur.a kimin kun <sup>mul</sup>uga u ni-˹šik˺ / ša<sub>2</sub> mul <sup>giš</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> gu "2 stars on the thigh of the Lion (ziqpu XXIII: δ, θ Leo) or the tail of the Raven (α Crt) and the bite(?) of the Harrow (μ Vel) : rope". |
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* (J) ēdu(AŠ) ša<sub>2</sub> kun <sup>mul</sup>ur.a kimin murub<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>uga u<sub>3</sub> šu <sup>mul</sup>en.te.na.bar.ḫum gu "The separate star on the tail of the Leo (ziqpu XXIV: β Leo) or the middle part of the Raven (γ Crv) and the arm of Entenabarhum (δ Cen) : rope" [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:9, 11-16]. According to [Koch 1992, 57-58], gir<sub>3</sub>II imittu(15) igi-tum ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>ur.a — ο Leo, murub<sub>4</sub> mul˹muš<sup>?</sup>˺ — ζ, θ Hya, <sup>mul</sup>nunki — α Car, šu <sup>mul</sup>Nin-maḫ ša<sub>2</sub> ugu KA.kešda — 196G. PupQ, kun <sup>mul</sup>uga — Pi 140, ni-˹šik˺ ša2 <sup>mul giš</sup>gan<sub>2</sub>.ur<sub>3</sub> — ε Cen, murub4 <sup>mul</sup>uga — β Crv, šu <sup>mul</sup>en.te.na.bar.ḫum — CenM. |
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'''Observation Diaries.''' |
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UR.A was used during the pre-Seleucid period for the designation of the Leo constellation and zodiac, see, for example: <sup>mulx</sup>UR.A u <sup>mulx</sup>ALLA ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> TUR<sub>3</sub> "Leo and Crab (standing) in the lunar halo " [AD I, No.-567 rev. 7′, 15′], Dele-bat <nowiki><u> GU</nowiki><sub>4</sub>.UD ina UR.A "Venus (and) Mercury in Leo" [AD I, No.-463:3′], AN ina qi<sub>2</sub>-it UR.A "Mars (standing) at the end of Leo " [AD I, No.-418:10′], GU<sub>4</sub>.UD ina ŠU<sub>2</sub> ina UR.A IGI "First appearance of Mercury in the west in Leo" [AD I, No.-418:18], as well as individual stars (e.g., MULx KUR<sub>4</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> TIL GIR<sub>3</sub> UR.A "Brilliant star at the end of Leo's paw" [AD I, no.-567 :14]), |
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including three "normal stars": |
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* (1) SAG UR.A "Lion's head" (ε Leonis); |
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* (2) GIŠ.KUN UR.A "Lion's thigh" (q Leonis); |
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* (3) GIR3 ar2 ša2 UR.A "Lion's hind paw" (b Virginis) [AD I, passim], see (m39) MUL<sub>2</sub>.ŠID.MEŠ, nos. 17, 20, 21, as well as (a01) [[A]]. |
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'''"Anaphora".''' |
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BM 36609+: |
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* (a) [TA...] a-na SA<sub>4</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>ŠU.GI / [EN...] SA4 KI ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>UR.A "[From...] – the Brilliant Star of the Old Man / [to...] The Brilliant Star: the place of the Lion" [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004, 543, Section 4: obv. ii 17-18]. |
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* (b) ˹TA˺ 5 [U]Š ar<sub>2</sub> um-mu-lut / [E]N 5 UŠ ar2 GAM3 / [UR.A]? ˹TA SAG˺-šu2 EN TIL-šu2 KUR "From (a point located) 50 behind the Dull (stars) / [t]o (a point located) 50 behind the Staff. / [The Lion], rises from its beginning to its end." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004, 548, Section 7: obv. iii 26-28]; time of rising: 400 [ibid., 549]. |
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'''Late astrology, magic and the calendar.''' |
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* (1) "Horoscopes." In one of the earliest horoscopes (-287) UR.A is the designation of the zodiac sign Leo [BH, 61, 4 r. 1]. |
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* (2) "Lunaries." |
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** (a) BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>ur.a "Region of Leo," that has the following astrological meaning attached to it: a change of attitude, whay you see is nice to look at [Ungnad 1941-44, 258-259:1, 16; Emelyanov 1999, 194-195]. |
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** (b) BRM IV, 19: UR.A is the zodiac sign Leo in the zodiacal scheme known as "dodecatemoria" [Ungnad 1941-44, 274-275: a, i, k, 3, 25; Neugeb.-Sachs 1952-53]. |
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* (3) "Microzodiac". |
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** (a) Division of the sign of the zodiac Leo into 12 parts: the 1st part is mulur.a [Weidner 1967, Taf. 6: VAT 7847]. |
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** (b) The division of the zodiac sign Mercenary (=Aries) into 12 parts: [5-i-t]um ḫa.la <sup>múl</sup>ur.a šum<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> "[5th] part, her name is Leo" [TU, 14:16; Sachs 1952, 66]. |
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* (4) Calendar and ritual texts. W 22704 (recipe for making ointments + "dodecatemoria"): MIN(=ŠU) 8 // UR.A 26 // dām(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) |
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* nēši(UR.MAḪ) lipî(I<sub>3</sub>.UDU) nēši(UR.MAḪ) lu šārat(SIG<sub>2</sub>) nēši(UR.MAḪ) MIN(= tapaššaš)"Duuzu 8 // Lev 260 // You put the lion's blood, lion's fat, or lion's hair on" [SpTU III, 104:8, and also 104:21]; parallel for the month of arahsamnu W22619/9+ [SpTU III, 105: 1(NE), 14(<UR>.A), 27(UR.A)]. |
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* (5) Zodiacal astrology. KI UR.ME<sup>?</sup> a-lid ... "In the region of Leo, was born..." [LBAT, 1593 rev. 4′; Reiner 2000]. |
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* (6) Prediction of grain prices based on observations of the positions of the planets in relation to zodiacal constellations and other phenomena: mul4UR.A [SpTU I, 94:5, 29]. |
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* (7) Predictions of lunar eclipses based on the culminations of the stars and the positions of the Sun relative to the constellations [SpTU III, 102:10, 11]. |
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* (8) Prediction on izbu: iz-bu ša<sub>2</sub> TA UGU <sup><mul></sup>UR.A u<sub>2</sub>-šar-ru-u<sub>2</sub> / ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> <sup><mul></sup>UR.A ina IGI <sup>múl d</sup>A.EDIN " izbu, which begins with the Leo, within (the constellation) Leo and before the constellation Erua" [Biggs 1968, 54:12-13]. |
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* See also U.197 obv. 1': mul<sub>2</sub>.me ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>múl</sup>ur.a [...] "The stars of Leo" [Sachs 1952, 74]; KA2 <sup>mulx</sup>UR.A "Gates of the Lion" [NSAM 2, 38, Text Ii:4]. |
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| See also [LBAT, 1595:3, 5; SpTU I, 96:5; SpTU V, 268:17]. |
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For the symbol, identification, and individual parts of the constellation Leo, see (u20) [[UR.GU.LA]]. |
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=== Historical Dictionaries === |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!Kurtik |
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(2022) |
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!Gössmann |
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(1950) |
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