View source for TE8.mušen

<sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> is a Babylonian term for the Eagle, referring to the constellation of [[Aquila]], The Eagle. 

==Dictionary==

=== Kurtik, Horowitz, Hoffmann, Kim ===
Var. readings:

* <sup>mul</sup>TE<sub>8</sub> / TI<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>,
* <sup>mul</sup>ti<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup>; = erû, arû "Eagle". 

[G. 2; Borger 1978 139, Nr. 334; Labat 137]; constellation within the modern Eagle (Aquila).

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|'''Lexical texts.''' 
(1) A monolingual Sumerian list: <sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> [Emar VI/4 154: 117].  

(2) DC XXII series: 

<sup>mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>mušen</sup> = e-ru-u [Emar VI/4 151:173], 

<sup>[mul</sup>te<sub>8</sub><sup>mu]šen</sup> = a-ru-u [Cavigneaux 1979 133-4, 17:21]
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|'''Hittite prayer to the night gods.'''
Amongst the astral gods: <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> [KUB IV, 47 r. 45; BPO 2, p. 2:12; Toorn 130: 45]. 
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|'''EAE.''' 
See. [ABCD 187-192 (§ III 8-9); BPO 2 III 28a, X 21, XI 7; BPO 3, K 3124: 9′, K2346: 46; Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 9′, 12′; Largement 1957 246: 48a, 48b; SpTU I 84:10; 92:3-5; SpTU III, 101:21, 22].
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|'''"Astrolabes."'''
* Astrolabe P. Tebetu month, the stars of Enlil, 35 [Pinches 575].
* Astrolabe B. 
** (1) Menology: <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> <sup>d</sup>Za.b[a<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub>]: <sup>iti</sup>ziz<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>[mušen]</sup>  "Shabatu month, Eagle, Zababa" (A iii 25, 30);  for a parallel see. [Çağirgan 407:58], see also [BPO 2 82; Emelyanov 1999 129]. 
** (2) Lists (12´3): mul ''ša ina igi-it'' <sup>mul</sup>[uz<sub>3</sub>] / gub-P''zu''R <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>m[ušen]</sup>  "The constellations that is ahead of it (i.e., ahead of <sup>mul</sup>uz<sub>3</sub> "the Goat"), stands, the Eagle" (B iii 17-18).
** (3) The list (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ab] ... <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> šu[-ut <sup>d</sup>En-lil<sub>2</sub>]  "The month of Tebetu: the Eagle (in the way of) [Enlil] (rises)" (C iii 10);  parallel: ina <sup>iti</sup>ab <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> e-ru-[u<sub>2</sub>]  "In the month of Tebetu, the Eagle (rises)" [BPO 2, XI 7].
** (4) List (sunrise-sunset=6m): sunrise is Tebetu, sunset is Duuzu [KAV 218, C 31, 20], see g27GU.LA. BM 82923.  The month Tebetu, the stars of Enlil:  <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> // 35 // UR.SAG dI2-gi3-gi3  "Eagle // 35 // Hero among the Igigs". [Walker-Hunger 30:30]. BM 34713.  The month of Shabatu, the stars of Enlil [LBAT, 1499:11], see (n49) NU.MUŠ.DA.  The stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil. 
*** (a) List of the 12 stars of Anu: (no. 12) multi8mušen [CT 33, 9 r. 13; MCG 176].
*** (b) List of 12 stars of Enlil: (no. 10) mulA2mušen [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b 212].
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|'''MUL.APIN'''.

* (1) The stars of Anu (no. 18): mulTI8mušen (I ii 12).
* (2) Dates of heliacal risings, see (u06) UD.KA.DU8.A.
* (3) Simultaneous daily risings and sunsets: 
** a) mulKAK.SI.SA2 mul dMUŠ u mulUR.GU.LA KURme-nim-ma / mulGU.LA u mulTI8mušen ŠU2meš "Arrow, Snake and Lion rising, the Giant and Eagle setting" (I iii 17-18), 
** b) mulUD. KA.DUD.A u mulTI8mušen KURmeš-ma / mulMAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL u mulMAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR ŠU2meš "The Demon with its mouth open and the Eagle rising, the Great Twins and Little Twins setting" (I iii 29-30) [MA 33, 44-45, 48, 51].
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|'''"The Great List of Stars.'''

(1) List of names of Mars: multi8mušen = dmin(= ral-bat-a-nu); 

(2) 12 stars of Akkad: multi8mušen; 

(3) 7 lumāšu-stars: multi8mušen [Mesop.Astrol., App.B:97, 212, 228]. 
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| '''GU-text'''. 

(T) sa4 ša2 mulA2mušen "Star with the great brilliance of the Eagle (α Aql)" [Pingree-Walker, BM 78161:31], see u31UZ3. 
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| '''Dalbanna-text.'''

§r. mulA2mušen PmulsuCurR.maš2 u mulzi-qit mulpa.bil.sag 3 mul.meš... "Eagle (ε Aql), Goat-Fish (β Cap) and the sting of the Pabilsaga (α CrA), 3 stars ..." §y. a) mulA2mušen Eagle (ε Aql), b) mulA2mušen maC-ru "Eagle–the first", see u31UZ3. 

§z. mulA2mušen (ε Aql), 


see u19UR.GI7 and h03dDaniš [Walker 1995 39; Koch 1995 50, 62; ASM 110]. 

Text Nv. 10. Scheme of intercalation: multi8mušen like the star of Anu – star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Addaru, see L04Lammu.

See also [SpTU I, 84:10; SpTU III, 102 r.4;].

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===II. Deity. ===
The names of constellations are never fixated with determinatives d. The divine status of mulA2mušen, however, is attested in BM 82923 (see above). The connection of mulA2mušen with dZa-ba4-ba4 follows the text Astrolabe B (Section A iii 25) as well as from the list of gods K.4339 rev. col. iv 10 where the identity is a given: mulA2mušen = dZa-ba4-ba4 = min(=dNin-urta) [CT 25, 13]. Among the epithets of Zababa, however, the Eagle is not mentioned [Tallqvist 463]. In the lists "deity – bird", the Eagle is also not mentioned [Salonen 1973 294-295]. The connection of the Eagle constellation with Zababa is explained, apparently, by the symbol of Zababa – a rod with the head of an eagle, see z01dZA.BA4.BA4. 

===III. Symbol.===

*The symbol of Zababa on the kudurru was a rod ending with the image of an eagle's head with a crest of feathers [Seidl 1968 163-164; Seidl 1969, § c)]. A bird similar to an eagle next to the anthropomorphic figure of Zababa was depicted on the seals of the Old Babylonian period [Braun-Holzinger 348, Nr. 1165]. Probably, this image served as a basis for the figure of the constellation Eagle.
*V. Parts of constellations and individual stars.
*SA<sub>4</sub> ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> "Brilliant (star) in the constellation Eagle" (α Aql = Altair). cf. GU-text.

===VI. Astrology.===

====Identifications:====

*(1) = Saturn; see above section II.
*(2) = Mercury; see (n47) NU.KUŠ<sub>2</sub>.U<sub>3</sub>, II 1.
*(3) = Mars; see below (6)-(10), (14), The Great Star List, a15ACû, II 2, and also [Reynolds 1998 352].
*(4) = Jupiter, according to [Bezold 122, Nr. 178]; but there is no clear evidence.
*(5) = Pleiades; see below (13).

====Predictions:====

*(6) Planet and Eagle;  DIŠ MUL.UDU.IDIM u <sup>mul</sup>A<sub>2</sub><sup>mušen</sup> it-ten-tu-u<sub>2</sub> ...  "If the planet and the Eagle cover each other...",  DIŠ MUL.UDU.IDIM u mulA2mušen it-ten-mi-du ...  "If the planet and the Eagle (for a long duration?) stand side by side...",  DIŠ MUL.UDU.IDIM u mulA2mušen iv-Cu-u2...  "If the planet and the Eagle become close to each other..."  [Largement 1957, 246: 47, 48a, 48b; SpTU I 92: 3-5];  here "Eagle" – being one of the planets; the apodosis refers to the yield of sesame (ŠE.GIŠ.I<sub>3</sub> = šamaššammu).
*(7) Eagle(=Mars?) planet;  DIŠ mulA2mušen ana mulUDU.IDIM TE ŠE.GIŠ.I3 ...  "If the Eagle approaches closely to a planet: sesame ..." [ACh Ištar. 23:15].
*(8) The Eagle(=Mars?) and the Stars;  DIŠ mulA2mušen ana MUL.MUL TE dIM RA-ir  "If the Eagle approaches closely to the Stars: Adad will ruin" [ACh Ištar, 23:16], see also a15aCû, II 2.
*(9) Eagle(=Mars?) and Raven;  DIŠ mulA2mušen ana mulUGAmušen i-mid ŠE.GIŠ.I3 ...  "If the stops short in front of the Raven: sesame ..." [ACh Ištar, 23:17].
*(10) The Eagle(=Mars?) and the Moon;  DIŠ mulA2mušen ina ŠA3 30 GUB-iz LUGAL ŠU2 BA.UŠ2  "If the Eagle stands in the middle of the Moon: the king of the universe will die" [ACh Ištar, 23: 18];  DIŠ mulA2mušen ina SI ZAG 30 GUB-iz KUR i-bar-ru  "If the Eagle stands on the right horn of the Moon: there will be revolt in the country" [ibid., 23:19];  DIŠ mulA2mušen ina SI GUB3 30 GUB-iz KUR in-niš-[ša]  "If the Eagle stands on the left horn of the Moon: there will be quakes in the country" [ibid., 23:20].
*(11) The Eagle and mišCu;  DIŠ mulA2mušen meš-Cu im-šu-uC mulUDU.IDIM MAŠ2.[ANŠE...]  "If the Eagle emits mišCu: the planet(=Mars) will exterminate small cattle/livestock"  [ACh Ištar, 23:22], and also [ACh Suppl. 2, 53 i 14].
*(12) The dark Eagle;  DIŠ mulA2mušen a-dir MAŠ2.ANŠE TUR.TUR UN.MEŠ ...  "If the Eagle becomes dark: the cattle will become few, people [...]" [ACh Ištar, 23:21].
*(13) The Bow and the Eagle;  DIŠ mulBAN ana mulA2mušen KUR-ud ŠE.GIŠ.I3 Car-pu SIG5-iq  "If the Bow reaches the Eagle: early sesame will be good" [BPO 3 230, K. 3124: 9];  parallel: DIŠ mulpan ana mulA2mušen kur-ud še.giš.i3 nim sig5 : mulial-bat-a-nu mulZa-ap-pu kur-ma  "If the Bow reaches the Eagle: early sesame will be good; (this means that): Mars reaches Pleiades." [Borger 1973, 41:12′],  here identities are assumed: the Bow = Mars, the Eagle = the Stars.
*(14) Arrow and Eagle;  DIŠ ina itiŠU mulKAK.SI.SA2 mulA2mušen KUR-ud ŠE.G[IŠ.I3 S]I.SA2 dGUD.UD ina itiŠU mulƒal-bat-a-nu KUR-ma  "If in the month of duuzu Sirius reaches the Eagle: the flaxseed(? ) will be abundant; (this means:) Mercury in the month of duuzu reaches Mars" [BPO 3 246:46];  the prediction suggests the identity: mulA2mušen = mulƒal-bat-a-nu.
*(15) Eclipse of the Moon in the Eagle (Pleiades?);  ina Nisanni UD.28.KAM rēš tāmartišu tammarma / ina erî(MUL.A2.MUŠEN) [adirma ušappilma ippuC]  "On the 28th day of Nisan, observe its last trace, and in the 'Eagle' he (= Sin) became dark and low and ascended"  [ABCD 191-192, § III, Rec. B 8-9], and also [ibid. 189-190, III Rec. A: (8)].

*(16) The Heliacal rising of the Eagle in his own and not in his own time;  ina itiAB PMUL.R PA2?R [MUŠEN...] BE-ma ina UD.DUG4.GA-šu2 KUR-[Ca] SAL.KUR2 ina KUR ina-pu-[uš ... ] ina KUR GAR "  In the month of Tebetu, the Eagle [...] if it ascends on its set date, there will be abundance in the country, [if he does not ascend on its properly set date]: [...] in the country there will be." [BPO 2, X 21]; see also [ibid., XI 7]

== Historical Dictionaries==
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!Kurtik (2022)
!Gössmann (1950)
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