Tiansi: Difference between revisions

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Tiansi
(Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tiansi (天駟)}} Chinese constellation. == Concordance, Etymology, History == ... === Identification of stars === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing) !Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref> !Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science...")
 
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{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tiansi (天駟)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE: Tiansi (天駟)}}

Chinese constellation.
Tiān Sì (Heavenly Quadriga, 天駟) comprises four of the five stars forming the asterism Wangliang and represents the four horses pulling the chariot. It may thus be regarded as a constituent sub-asterism of Wangliang.


== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
Given the intimate cultural association between Tiansi and Wangliang, the two must have been conceived simultaneously. In their earliest stage, however, they might be regarded as distinct constellations, as recorded in the ''Tianguan shu'' (Book of Heaven Officials, 天官書). Only later, in the ''Shishi xing jing'' (Shi’s Star Canon, 石氏星經) later , were they formally unified into a single constellation under the name Wang Liang. Nevertheless, even long after their amalgamation, tradition continued to recognize the leftmost four stars of ''Wangliang'' as the “Quadriga” and some star map explicitly marked them as ''Tian Si''.
...

It should be noted that the lodge ''Fang'' (the fourth of the Twenty-Eight Lodges) also bore the alternate name ''Tian Si'' (“Heavenly Quadriga”), a designation that had already been in use at least as early as the late sixth century BCE—earlier than the historical figure of Wang Liang himself. The only difference lies in that ''Fang'' comprises four stars representing the quadriga, yet it lacks a corresponding charioteer such as ''Wang Liang''.
=== Identification of stars ===
=== Identification of stars ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Star Names
⚫
|+
!Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing)
!Orders(Qing)
!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
!Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref>
!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>
!Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.</ref>
Based on catalogue in 18th century
Based on catalogue in 18th century
!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
!Pan Nai<ref name=":02">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map and Huangyou Catalogue
!Pan Nai<ref>Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.</ref>
based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty
!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":12">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
before Tang dynasty
before Tang dynasty
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1" />
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":12" />
Song Jingyou(1034)
Song Jingyou(1034)
|-
|-
|Wangliang(Determinative)
| 1st/4th
| x
|1st
| x
|beta Cas
| x
|beta Cas
| x
|beta Cas
| x
|beta Cas
| x
|beta Cas
| x
|beta Cas
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |Tiansi
| 2nd/3rd
| x
|2nd
|kappa Cas
| x
|kappa Cas
| x
|gamma Cas
| x
|gamma Cas
| x
|gamma Cas
| x
|gamma Cas
| x
|-
|-
| 3rd/2nd
|3rd
|gamma Cas
| x
| x
|eta Cas
| x
|eta Cas
| x
|eta Cas
| x
|eta Cas
| x
|eta Cas
| x
|-
|-
|4th/1st
|4th
| x
|eta Cas
|alpha Cas
| x
|alpha Cas
| x
|alpha Cas
| x
|alpha Cas
| x
|alpha Cas
| x
| x
|-
|5th
|alpha Cas
|lambda Cas
|zeta Cas
|zeta Cas
|zeta Cas
|zeta Cas
|}
|}

=== Maps (Gallery) ===
=== Maps (Gallery) ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 68: Line 74:
!same in Stellarium 24.4
!same in Stellarium 24.4
|-
|-
|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)|thumb|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]
|[[File:Wangliang and Ce in Suzhou Star Map.jpg|thumb|Wangliang in Suzhou Star Map]]
|[[File:Wangliang and Ce Reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023) based on Huangyou Star Catalogue in 1052 CE.jpg|thumb|Wangliang Reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023) based on Huangyou Star Catalogue in 1052 CE]]
|
|[[File:Wangliang and Ce before 17th Century in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|Wangliang before 17th Century in Stellarium]]
|
⚫
|-
|[[File:Wangliang and Ce in Jesuits Star Map in 17th Century.jpg|thumb|Wangliang in Jesuits Star Map in 17th Century]]
|[[File:Wangliang and Ce Reconstructed by Yi Shitong (1981) based on Qing Star Catalogue in 18th Century.jpg|thumb|Wangliang Reconstructed by Yi Shitong (1981) based on Qing Star Catalogue in 18th Century]]
|[[File:Wangliang and Ce after 17th Century in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|Wangliang after 17th Century in Stellarium]]
|}
|}


Revision as of 09:39, 2 November 2025


Tiān Sì (Heavenly Quadriga, 天駟) comprises four of the five stars forming the asterism Wangliang and represents the four horses pulling the chariot. It may thus be regarded as a constituent sub-asterism of Wangliang.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Given the intimate cultural association between Tiansi and Wangliang, the two must have been conceived simultaneously. In their earliest stage, however, they might be regarded as distinct constellations, as recorded in the Tianguan shu (Book of Heaven Officials, 天官書). Only later, in the Shishi xing jing (Shi’s Star Canon, 石氏星經) later , were they formally unified into a single constellation under the name Wang Liang. Nevertheless, even long after their amalgamation, tradition continued to recognize the leftmost four stars of Wangliang as the “Quadriga” and some star map explicitly marked them as Tian Si.

It should be noted that the lodge Fang (the fourth of the Twenty-Eight Lodges) also bore the alternate name Tian Si (“Heavenly Quadriga”), a designation that had already been in use at least as early as the late sixth century BCE—earlier than the historical figure of Wang Liang himself. The only difference lies in that Fang comprises four stars representing the quadriga, yet it lacks a corresponding charioteer such as Wang Liang.

Identification of stars

Star Names Orders(Qing) Ho PENG YOKE[1] Yi Shitong[2]

Based on catalogue in 18th century

Pan Nai[3]

based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map and Huangyou Catalogue

SUN X. & J. Kistemaker[4]

Han Dynasty

Boshun Yang[5]

before Tang dynasty

Boshun Yang[5]

Song Jingyou(1034)

Wangliang(Determinative) 1st beta Cas beta Cas beta Cas beta Cas beta Cas beta Cas
Tiansi 2nd kappa Cas kappa Cas gamma Cas gamma Cas gamma Cas gamma Cas
3rd gamma Cas eta Cas eta Cas eta Cas eta Cas eta Cas
4th eta Cas alpha Cas alpha Cas alpha Cas alpha Cas alpha Cas
5th alpha Cas lambda Cas zeta Cas zeta Cas zeta Cas zeta Cas

Maps (Gallery)

historical map modern identification

(Yang 2023)

same in Stellarium 24.4
Wangliang in Suzhou Star Map
Wangliang Reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023) based on Huangyou Star Catalogue in 1052 CE
Wangliang before 17th Century in Stellarium
Wangliang in Jesuits Star Map in 17th Century
Wangliang Reconstructed by Yi Shitong (1981) based on Qing Star Catalogue in 18th Century
Wangliang after 17th Century in Stellarium


Star Name Discussion (IAU)

In 202x, the name of the historical constellation "xxx" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. ...

Decision: ...

References

References (Chinese)

  1. ↑ P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” Vistas in Astronomy, 5(1962), 127-225.
  2. ↑ Yi Shitong伊世同. Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.
  3. ↑ Pan Nai潘鼐. Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.
  4. ↑ Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.
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