Template:Citation/doc

documentation subpage categories go where indicated at the bottthis pagepleaseinterwikis go towikidatasee alsowikipediawikidataforthenbscitation neededtemplatetlcitation needed ifeqpagenamerootpagenamecascadeprotected templatepagenamerootpagenamehighrisk189000csdoclua Thecitationtemplate generates a citation for a book periodical contribution in a collective work or a web pageit determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used as with other citation templatesthis template can be used either in a footnote between tagref tags or in a section that lists sources this template uses the same wplualua code as helpcitation stylecitation stylecstemplates with parameters to change the displayed format to helpcitation style citation style cs ifthe correct parameters are used this template produces output identical to thatthe cite templatessuch as ti cite book and ticite web with one important exceptionby defaultthis citation template uses commas in places where the cite templates use periods full stops by default either type template can use periods full stops or commas by using an optional parameter Regardless which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved rendered text note:all parameter names must be lowercasesimple citations This section covers the most commonly used parameters you can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the finalrendered textcodenowikicitation lastfirstyeartitlepublisherpublicationplacepageurlaccessdatenowikicodeclasswikitableprecitatiolast firyeatitlepublisher publicationplacepage urlaccessdate prelasthe author's surname or last name don't use with theauthorparameter firstthe author's first or given name(s)yeayearauthorship or publicationmandatory for use with links fromtemplateharvard citation unless paradate specifies both month and yeatitletitle the work mandatory for web referencespublisherthe name the publisheromit terms such aPublisherscincltdetc but retain the words booksor press not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own wikipedia article e gnewsweekbillboardmagazinebillboardpublicationplaceor place'or location the citypublication if more than one towncity is listed on the title pagegive the first one or the locationthe publisher's head office. omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location e.g.the new york timesthe times india page for use when one page is cited adds pbefore the page number do not use with pages url a uniform resource locator urlan online location where the item can be found if the url includes dauble quotesthese must be encoded as %2accessdate dateref groupnnamedates when the url was accessedexampleclasswikitableprecitationlastturnerfirst orsamustitlehistory the pioneer settlement phelps and gorham's purchase and morris reservepublisher william allingplacrochesternew yorkyear 1851ol7120924wprecitationlast turnerfirsorsamus titlehistory the pioneer settlementphelps and gorham's purchaseand morris reserve publisherwilliam alling place Rochester new york year1851 ol7120924wfull citation parameters These can be used for all types publication all are optional and indentation is used simply to graup related items nbsp these may be mutually exclusive where indicated some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens class wikitableprecitationauthor last first author last first authorlink authorlink authorseparatorauthornameseparator authormask displayauthors editor editorlast editorfirsteditor editorlast editorfirsteditorlink editorlink translatorlast translatorfirst translatorlink translatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlink others publication date date year origyear title chapterchapterurlchapterformat contribution contribution-ur type journal periodicalnewspaper magazine encyclopedia workedition seriesvolumeissue publisherpublicationplace place language page pages nopp at id isbnissn oclcpmi pmc bibcode doidoiinactivedate zbl url accessdate formatarchiveurl archivedate urlstatus quote layurllaysource laydateseparator postscript refprparameterssyntax csdocsyntaxluacsdocsepcommalua coinscsdoccoinsluwhat's newcsdocwhats nedeprecatedcsdocdeprecateddescriptionauthorcsdocauthorluayescontributoyesothersyeditordoceditorluayes titlecsdoctitleluayestitleformatitaliccsdocchapterlua yescsdoctypeluayescsdoclanguageluaydatecsdocdateluayesworkcsdocjournalluayespublishercsdocpublisherluayes editionseriesvolumecsdoceditionluayecsdocseriesluayescsdocvolumeluaynsource locationscsdocpagesluayesurlanchorurlcsdocurlchapter urlanchorchapterurcsdocchapterurlluayesanchocsdocrefluayeidentifiersanchoridcsdocidluayesanchoridcsdocidluayesquotecsdocquoteluacsyeslaysummarycsdoclayluadisplay optionscsdocdisplayluayescsyes subscription or registration requiredcsdocregistratiluayes examplesbooksclasswikitablethree authors a volumeand an edition ampersandamp forced before final author's nameprecitationlast lincoin firstalastwashingtonfirstglast adamsfirstjnameliststyleam title all the presidentsnames publisherthe pentagon place home basenew yorkvolume xiieditionndyear 2007 precitationlastlincoln first a last washingtonfirst g lastadams firstjnameliststyleamptitleall the presidentsnamespublisherthe Pentagon placehome basnewyorkvolume xii editionnd year 2007webclasswikitable Web pageprecitationurl httpnrhpfocusnpsgovtitlenps focusworknationalregisterhistoric placespublisher national park serviceaccessdatenovember 30201 refnoneprecitation urlhttpnrhpfocusnpsgov title nos focus work national registerhistoricplace publishernational park serviceaccessrefnonarchived page precitation url httpliftoffmsfcnasagovacademyspaceatmospherehtml titleearth's atmosphere accessdate october 252007 publisher national aeronautics and space administrationyear995 authornasaarchiveurl httpwebarchiveorgweb20071013232332http liftoffmsfcnasagovacademyspaceatmospherehtml archivedateoctober 132007precitation url httpliftoffmsfcnasagovacademyspaceatmospherehtmltitleearth's atmosphere accessdate october 25 2007 publishernational aeronautics and space administrationyear1995 authornasa archiveurlhttpwebarchiveorgweb20071013232332httpliftoffmsfcnasagov academyspaceatmospherehtml archivedateoctober 132007journals newspapersmagazinesor other periodicalsclasswikitableJournal articleprecitation lasthill firstmarvin stitle Joseph smith and the 1826 grialnew evidence and new difficulties journal byu studies volumeissue year 1976 pagesurl http:byustudiesbyuedushoppdfsrc122hillpdfprecitation last hill first marvin s titlejoseph smith and the 1826 trialnew evidence and New difficulties journalbyu studies volume 12 issue year 1976 pages url httpbyustudiesbyuedushoppdfsrc122Hillpdf journal article with multiple authors and identifier precitation last1 mandelkern firstm last Elias first Jlast Eden first d last crothers firstd displayauthors title the dimensions dna in solutionjournal j mol biol volume 152issue pages 153161 year198pmid7338906doi 101016002228368190099precitationlastmandelkern first mlastElias firstJlastEden firstd last crothers firstddisplayauthors title the dimensions dna in solutionjournal j mol biol volume 152issue pages 153161 year 1981 pmid 7338906 doi1010160022283681900991 newspaperarticleprecitation lastsmithfirstJosephiiiauthorlink joseph smithiii title last testimony sister Emma newspaperthe saintsherald locationplano il volume 26 issue 19 date october 11879 page 289 urlhttpwwwsidneyrigdoncomdbroadhu ilsainhtm100179 precitation lastsmith firsJoseph III authorlinkjoseph smith III titlelasttestimonysisteremma newspaperthe saints'gerald locationplano il volume 26 issue 19 date october 1 1879 page289 url =http:wwwsidneyrigdoncomdbroadhuiLsain1872htmconference papers and public lecturesclasswikitable conference paperprecitationlast sullivan first dbcontributiontime and frequency measurementat nist the first 100 years year2001title2001 ieee int'l frequency control symp publishernationalinstitute standards and technology contributionurl http:tfnistgovtimefreqgeneralpdf1485pdfprecitationlastsullivan first dbcontributiontime and frequency measurement at nist the first 100 yearsyear2001 title 2001 intfrequency control symppublishernational institute standards and technologycontributionurl httptfnistgovtimegeneralpdf1485pdlectureprecitationlasthabichtfirst christiancontributionhellenistic athens and her Philosophersyear title david magie lecture princeton university program in the historarchaeology and Religions the ancient woprinceton universitypage14 precitationlasthabichtfirst christiancontributionhellenistic athens and her philosopheryear 1988title david magie lecture princeton university program in the history archaeology and religionthe ancient worlpublisherprinceton universitpage14partsbooksincluding encyclopedia articlesclasswikitable manuscript published in an edited compilatioprecitatiolast bidamofirst emma smitauthorlink emma hale smithchapterletter to emma s pilgridatemarch 27187 editorlast = Voge editorfirst d datatitleearly mormon document volume publishersignature boo publicationdate199isbn156085072precitationlastbidamofirstemma smitauthorlinkemma hale smithchapter letter to emma spilgrimdatamarch 27 187editorlastvogeeditorfirstdatatitleearlymormon documentsvolume publishesignaturebookpublicationdate1996isbn1560850728work with an editor but no authorpreCitation editorlastogeleditorfirstdan title early mormon documentsvolume publishersignature booksdate 1996isbn1560850728precitationeditorlastvogereditorfirstdantitleearly mormon documentsvolumepublisher signature ooksdate199isbn1560850728 encyclopedia article by a named authorprecitationlastkramerfirst martinauthorlinkmartinkramer year1999titlebernard lewiseditorlast boydeditorfirstkelley encyclopediaencyclopediahistorians and historicalwritingvolumpages 719720locationlondonpublisher fitzroy dearbornurhttpwwwgeocitiescommartinkramerorgbernardLewishtm precitationlasKramerfirstmartinauthorlinkmartin Krameryear1999title bernard lewiseditorlast boydeditorfirstKelleencyclopedia encyclopedia historians and historical writingvolumepages 719720location london publisherfitzroy dearborn urlhttpwwwgeocitiescommartinkramerorgbernardLewishtm encyclopedia article with no named author precitationtitle bernard lewiseditorlasboydeditorfirst Kelleyyear1999 encyclopediaencyclopedia historians and historical writingvolume pages719720 publisherfitzroy dearborn locationlondonurhttpwwwgeocitiescommartinkramerorgBernardLewishtm citationtitlebernard Lewis editorlast boydeditorfirstkelley year1999encyclopediaencyclopedia historians and historicalwriting volumepages719720locationlondon publisherfitzroy Dearborn urlhttpwwwgeocitiescommartinkramerorgBernardLewishtmtrepublications or edited quotations in a periodical articleclasswikitablemanuscript edited and published in a journalprecitationlast knightfirstJoseph sr year1833 editorlastJesse editorfirstdeantitle joseph knight's recollectionearly mormon historyjournalbyu studiesvolume17issuepublicationdate 1976page35 urlhttpbyustudiesbyuedushoppdfsrc171jesseepdfprecitationlastKnightfirst joseph sr year1833 editorlastJessee editorfirstdeantitleJoseph Knight's recollection early mormon history journal byu studies volumedate1976pageurl httpbyustudiesbyuedushoppdfsrc171Jesseepdfmanuscriptwritten at one date and placethen published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor. precitation lastklingensmith firstphiliptypeaffidavit dateseptember 51872 placlincoln countynevada title mountainmeadows massacreeditorlasttoohyeditorfirst dennis j journalcorinne daily eeporter publicationdate september 24 1872publicationplacecorinneutah volume5 issu252 pageurlhttpudnlibutaheduu corinne5359precitation last klingensmith firstphili type affidavitdateseptember 51872place lincoln countynevada titlemountain meadows massacre editorlasttoohyeditorfirstdennis J.journal orinnedaily reporter publicationdateseptember 241872 publicationplacecorinneutahvolume issue252page urlhttp:udnlibutaheduucorinne press releaseclasswikitablepress release with quotatioprecitation url httpwwwapplecomprlibrary20100405ipadhtml titleapplesells over 300,000 iPads First Day publisherapple Inc accessdateapril 102010 quotein the us as midnighsaturday april 3refnoneprecitation url httpwwwapplecomprlibrary20100405ipadhtmtitle apple sells over 300,000 iPads first dayapple incaccessdate april 102010quotein the us a midnight zaturdayapril refnoneanchored citations this template can generate a citation that can be combined withwpciteshortshortened footnotes or wikipediaparenthetical referencingparenthetical referencing it does this by creating an elementanchoanchor containing an id The special parameterpararefharvgenerates an id suitable forharvard referencing templates such as tlharv as specified in the next sectionthis is the default for the tlcitation templateto disable anchor generationspecify pararefnonein contrast other cite templates such as tlcite book and tlcite newsdo not create an anchor by defaultyou can also specify the id directlyusing the pararefvaridvarparameter for examplesuppose an article'sreferences section contains the markupcodenowikicitationauthorsigmund freud titlecivilization and Its discontentsyear1930refcivdisnowikicode which generates the citationcitation authorsigmund freudtitlecivilization and its discontentsyear1930refcivdis thenthe markupcodenowikicivdisfreud 1930<nowikicodegenerates a parenthetical referencecivdisfreud 1930containing a wikilink to the citation try clicking on the wikilinkanchors for Harvard referencing templates jds compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as tlhar are computed from the last namesthe authorsor editors if no authors are given and the yearthe cited source for examplethe markupcodenowikiharvWrightevans1851pix<nowikcodegenerates the harvard reference harvwrightevans1851pixwhich wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown belowcodenowikicitation lastwright firstthomaslastevansfirstrhtitlehistorical and descriptive accountthe caricatures James gillray locationlondonhenry gbohnyear1851oclc59510372nowikicode>citationlastwrightfirsthomaslast=Evansfirstrhtitlehistorical and descriptive accountthe caricaturesJamesgillraylocationlondon publisherhenry g bohnyear1851oclc59510372 In this example thetlcitationtemplate definesand the tlharvtemplate usesthehtmlid codeciterefwrightevans1851code composed by concatenating the string codeciterefcode with the last names the authors and the yearthetlharvidtemplate can be used to generate such idsfor examplecodenowikiharvidwrightevans185inowikicodegeneratescodeharvidwrightevans1851coddrelated methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the tl harvnb template enclosed in thenowikirefrenowikihtml codeor to use thetlsftemplate alonethe example above would becodenowikirefharvnbwrightevans1851pixrefnowikicode orcodenowikisfnwrightevans1851pixnowikicode both which generate a footnotesuch as17harvnbwrightevans1851pix the namesonly the first four authors are usedother author names are not concatenated to the idif no author names are giveneditor names are used instead last names are usedas specified by the parametersparalastor paralastparalasparalastand paralastand similarly for paraeditorlast etc and forparainventorlas etc if a full name is given but no last name is specifiedthis template falls back on the full namebut this usage is not recommendedfor exampld in codenowikicitation authorsigmund freud titlethe ego and the id yea1923nowikicodeno last name is givenso this citation cannot be combined with the harvard referencecodenowikiharvfreud1923nowikicodeto make thesetlcitationand tlharvinvocations compatible either replacaparaauthorsigmundfreud withparafirstsigmund paralastfreur or add pararefnowikiharvidfreud1923nowikito the tlcitationinvocationor add the same ref parametersaypararefegoId to both thetlcitation and the tlharv invocations similarlythe year is usedas specified by parayearif no year is giventhis template attempts to derive the year from paradataorif no date is givenfrompardate by applying thehelpextensionparserfunctionstimemediaWikinbsptime functionthis heuristic works with many common date formatsamericaninternational and iso 8601calendar datesiso 8601 standard format yyyymmdd as listed inwp:mos but may not work as expected with other formats so when in doubt it may be safer to use parayeanote that if only a year say 2005is known you must use parayearl2005 rather than paradate2005ids must be unique Names years and handspecified ids must be chosen so that the ids are unique within a pageotherwise the html will not conform to the wc standards and any references to the citations will not work reliably. for examplesuppose a page contains the following two citations withtlharvcompatible ids:citationlastmontes firstglasthaltermanfirstjsyear2008ajournallediatricsvolume121issuepagese821e826titleassociationchildhood autism spectrum sisorders and Loss familyincomedoipedipmidurlhttppediatricsaappublicationsorgcgicontentfullecitationlastmontesfirst1glasthaltermanfirstj syear2008bjournalpediatricsvolumeissuepages202208titlechild care problems and employment among families with preschoolaged children with Autism in the united statesdoi101542peds20073037pmid18595965urlhttppediatricsaappublicationsorgcgicontentfull1221e202these citations were altered to say 2008 rather than2008aand2008b the resulting page would not workbecause the two different citations would both attempt to use the idcodecitemontesHalterman2008code To avoid this problem distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years egparayear2008a anparayear2008b as was done above. any harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes it is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate ids by using the wc markup validation servicesesxternal linksexternal linksdatesreflistgroupnrefsref namedatesthe format dates in the referencesan article should use consistent and unambiguous styles Example formats used in wikipedia citations include200920090914 iso 8601calendar datesiso 8601 standard formatyyyymmdd14 september 2009 september 142009 with com maseptember 2009 dates should not be linkedsay to a wikipedia articlethe same name in references please see wikipediamanualstyledates and numbersdateswikipediamanual styledates and numbers§nbspdatesfor more guidance about formatting datesreftools seewikipediaciting sourcescitation templates and toolswikipediaciting sourcesnbspcitation templates and toolsfor a list tools that can help create a reference in the citation formattemplatedatanoticethis template data section needs to be editeditincludes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the Lua updatestemplatedata headertemplatedatadescriptionthe citation template generates a citation for a bookperiodicalcontribution in a collective workor a web pagit determines the citation type by examining which parameters areparalast labellast namedescriptionthe surname the author don't wikilink use authorlinkcan suffix with a numeral to add additional authorsaliasesauthortypelinesuggestedtruefirstlabelfirst namedescriptiongiven or first name middle namesor initialsthe authordon't wikilink useauthorlink can suffix with a numeral to add additional authoraaliasesfirsttypelinesuggestedtruetitlelabeltitlsourcetypestringdescriptiontitle sourceworks display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marksrequiredtruedatelabeldatesourcetypestringdescription full date source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations do not wikilink displays after the authors and enclosed in parenthesesif there is no authorthen displays after publisher urllabelurlsourcetypestringdescriptionurlan online location where the text the publication can be foundpublicationdatelabelpublication datatypestringrequireddescriptiondatepublication when different from the date the work was writterdisplays only if year or date are defined and only if differentelse publicationdate is used and displayed as datause the sameformat as other dates in the article do not wikilinkfollows publisherif work is not definedthen publicationdate is preceded by published and enclosed in parenthesisdflabeldate formatdescriptionsets rendered dates to the specified formattypestringyearlabel yearpublicationdescriptionyearthe source being referencedrecommended only when date parameter format is yyyymmdd and aciteref disambiguator is neededtypenumberpostscriptlabelpostscripttypestringrequireddescriptioncontrolstheclosing punctuationfor a citationdefaults to a periodfor no terminating punctuationspecify postscriptnone leavingpostscript empty is the same as omitting it but is ambiguousignored if quote is definedauthormasklabelauthor masktypestringrequiredaliasesauthormaskdescriptionreplaces the name the first author with em dashes or text set authormask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide set authormask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator for examplewithYou must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposesprimarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotesdo not use in a list generated by reflist references or similar as there is no controlthe order in which references are displayed you can also use editormask and translatormask in the same way lastlabelLast namedescriptionehe surname the second authordon't wikilinkuseauthorlinkaliasesauthorsurnametypelinefirstlabelfirst name escriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesor initialsthe second author don'twikilinktypelinealiasesgivenlastlabellastnamedescriptionthesurname the third authordon't wikilink useauthorlinkaliasesauthorsurnametypelinefirstlabelfirstnamedescriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesor initialsthethird authordon't wikilinktypelinealiasesgivelastlabellast namedescriptionthe surname the forth authordon't wikilinkuseauthorlinaaliasesauthorsurnametypelinefirstlabelfirstname descriptiongivenorfirst name middle namesor initials the forth authordon't wikilinktypelinaaliases givenlastlabellast name descriptionthe surname the fifth authordont wikilinkuseauthorlinkaliasesauthorsurnametypelinefirstlabelfirst name descriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesorinitialsthe fifth author dont wikilinktypelinealiasesgivenlastlabellast name descriptionthe surnamethe sixth authordon't wikilinkuseauthorlinkaliasesauthorlinefirstlabelfirst name descriptionGiven or first name middle names, or initials the sixth authordont wikilinktypelinelastlabellast name descriptiothe surname the seventh authordont wikilinkuse 'authorlinkaliasesauthorsurnametypelinefirstlabelfirst name descriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesor initials the seventh authordont wikilinktypelinealiasesgivenlastlabellast name descriptionthesurnamethe eighth authordont wikilinkuse authorlinkaliasesauthorsurnametypelinefirstlabelfirst namedescription given or first name middle names or initialsthe eighth author dont wikilinktypelinealiasesgivenlastlabellast name descriptionthe surname the ninth authordon't wikilinkuseauthorlinkIf nine authors are definedtheeight will show and et alwill show in place the last authoraaliasesauthorsurnametypelinefirstlabelfirst namedescriptionGiven or first name middle namesor initialsthe ninth authordont wikilinktypelinealiasesgiven

authorlink labelauthor linkdescriptionyitleexisting wikipedia article about the author can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors typewikipagename aliases authorlink authorlink authorlinkauthorlink label author link descriptiontitle existing wikipedia article about the second author typewikipagename aliases authorlinkauthorlinkauthorlinklabelauthor link descriptiontitle existing Wikipedia articlethe third authortypewikipagenamealiasesauthorlinkauthorlinkauthorlinklabelauthor link descriptiontitle existing wikipedia article about the forth authortypewikipagenamealiases authorlinkauthorlinkauthorlinklabelauthor linkdescriptiontitleexistingwikipedia articlethe sixth authortype wikipagenamealiases authorlinkauthorlinkauthorlinklabelauthor linkdescriptiontitle existing Wikipedia articlethe sixth authortypewikipagename aliases authorlinkauthorlinkauthorlinklabelauthor linkdescriptiontitleexisting Wikipedia articletheseventh author typewikipagename aliases authorlinkauthorlinkauthorlinklabelauthor linkdescriptiontitle existing Wikipedia articlethe eighth author typewikipagenamealiasesauthorlink authorlinkauthorlink abelauthor link descriptiontitle existing wikipedia article about the ninth author typewikipagename aliases authorlink authorlinkorigyear labeloriginal yeardescription original yearpublication provide specifics typenumber aliases origyeartranstitle labeltranslated titledescriptionan english language titleif the source cited is in a foreign languagelanguage is recommendedtypecontent transchapterlabeltranslated chapter titledescriptionan english language chapter titleif the source cited is in a foreign languagelanguageis recommendedtypecontene type labeltype descriptionadditional information about the media typethe sourceformat in sentencecasetypecontent archiveurl labelarchive urldescriptionthe url an archived copya web pageif or in case the URL becomes unavailablerequiresarchivedattypeline aliases archiveurlserieslabelseriesdescriptionseries identifier when the source is part a seriessuch as a book series or a journal alias version typecontent aliases versionwork label workdescriptionname the work in which the cited title is foundtypestring aliases journalwebsitenewspapermagazine encyclopediaencyclopaediadictionarymailinglistperiodicalvolume labelvolume descriptionfor publication published in several volumes typeline suggested true

issue labelissue descriptionissue number typestring aliases number

page label pagedescriptionpage in the source that supports the content displays after p type line

pages labelpages descriptionPages in the source that support the content not an indication the numberpages in the sourcedisplays afterpptypeline suggested true

at labelatdescriptionmay be used instead pageor pageswhere a page number is inappropriate or insufficienttypelinenopp labelno ppdescriptiset to yto suppress theporppdisplay withpageorpageswhen inappropriatesuch asfronttype line chaptelabelchapterdescriptionthe chapter heading the sourcetypestringcontributionlabelcontributiontypestringrequirchapterurllabelchapterurltypestringrequiredaliaseschapterurcontributionurl labelcontributionurltypestringrequiredchapterformatlabelchapterformattypestringrequiredotherslabelotherstypestringrequireddescriptionfreetext field for people involved in creating a work who cannot be added with another name parameter such as author or editoreditionlabeleditiondescriptionwhen the publication has more than one editionfor examplendrevised etcsuffixed with edtypelineplace label locationpublicationdescription geographical placepublicationusually not wikilinkedtypestring aliaseslocationpublicationplacelabel place publication descriptionpublication place shows after titleifplaceorlocation are also giventhey are displayed before the title prefixed with written attypecontentpublisherlabelpublisher descriptionname the publisher displays after titletypecontentlanguagelabellanguagedescriptionthe language in which the source is written if not Englishuse the full language name do not use icons or templates typecontentformatlabelformatdescriptionformat the work referred to by urlurl is required when using format examples pdf doc xls do not specifyhtmltypecontentarxivlabelarXiv identifierdescriptionan identifier for arXive electronic preprints scientific paperstypelineasinlabel asindescriptionamazonstandard kdentificationnumbercharacterstypelinealiases asinasintldlabeasin tlddescriptionasin toplevel domain for amazon sites other than the us typelinebibcod labelbibcodedescriptionbibliographic Reference code refcode characters typeline biorxivlabelbiorxivdescriptionbiorxiv identifier digit typeline

citeseerx label citeseerxdescriptionciteseerx identifier found after the doi query parametertypelinedoilabeldoidescriptiondigitalobject identifierbegins withtypestringaliasesdoidoibrokendatelabeldoi broken datedescriptionthe date that the doi was determined to blrokentypedateisbtlabelisbndescriptioninternational standard book numberuse thedigitisbnwhere possibletypelineissnlabelissndescriptioninternationalstandard serial numbeprintcharactersusually split into two groupsfourusing a hyphentypelineeisslabeleissndescriptioninternationalstandardserial numberonline charactersusuallysplit into two groups four using a hyphentypelinejlabeljfm codedescriptionJahrbuch uber die fortschritte dermathematik classification codetypelinejstor labeljstordescriptionjstor identifiertypelinelccnlabellccndescriptionlibrarycongress control numbertypelinemrlabelmrdescriptionmathematicalreviews identifiertypelineoclclabeloclcdescriptiononlinecomputer library center numbertypenumberollabeloldescriptionopenlibrary identifiertypeline ostilabelostidescriptionofficescientific and technicalinformation identifiertypelinepmclabelpmcdescriptionpubmedcenter article numbertypenumberpmidlabelpmiddescriptionpubmedunique Identifiertypelinerfclabelrfcdescriptionrequest forcomments numbertypenumberssrnlabel ssrndescriptionsocialscience research networktypelinezbllabelzbldescriptionzentralblattmath journal identifiertypelineidlabeliddescriptionaunique identifier used where none the specialized ones are applicabletypeline quotelabelquotedescriptionrelevant text quoted from the source displays lastenclosed in quotesneeds to include terminating punctuationtypecontentreflabel refdescriptionan anchor identifier can be made the targetwikilinks to full referencesspecial valueharv generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templatestypelineaccessdatelabelurl access datadescriptionthe full date when the original url was accesseddo not wikilinktypedatealiasesaccessdatelaysourcelabellay sourcedescriptionname the sourcethe laysummary displays in italicspreceded by an en dashtypestringaliaseslaysourcelaydatelabellay datedescriptiondatethe summarydisplays in parenthesestype datealiaseslaydatearchivedatelabelarchive datedescriptiodate when the original URL was archiveddo not wikilinktypedatealiasesarchivedateeditorlastlabeleditor last namedescriptionthe surname the editor dont wikilink use editorlink can suffix with a numeral to add additional editorsaliaseseditoreditorsurnameeditorlasteditorsurnameeditor editorlasteditorsurnameeditors editorfirstlabeleditor first namedescriptiothe surname the editordon't wikilinkuse editorlink can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors aliase editorfirst editorgiven editorfirst editorgiveneditorlastlabeleditor last name descriptionthe surname the second editor dont wikilinkuse editorlinkaliaseseditortypelineeditorfirstlabeleditor first name descriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesor initials the second editordont wikilinktypelinealiases editorgiveneditorlastlabeleditor last namedescriptionthe surname the third editordont wikilink use editorlinkaliaseseditortypelineeditofirstlabel editor first name descriptiongiven or first name middle namesor initials the third editor don't wikilinktypelinealiases editorgiveneditorlastlabeleditor last name descriptionthe surname the fourth editordon't wikilink useeditorlinkaliases editortypelineeditorfirstlabeleditor first namedescriptiongiven or first name middle names or initialsthe fourth editordont wikilinktypelinealiaseseditorgiveneditorlastlabeleditor last name descriptionthe surnamethe fifth editor don't wikilinkuse editorlink aliases editortypelineeditorfirstlabeleditor first namedescriptiongiven or first name middle names or initials the fifth editor dont wikilink typelinealiaseseditorgiven editorlast labeleeditor last name descriptionthe surnamethe sixth editordon't wikilinkuseeditorlinkaliaseseditortypelineeditorfirstlabeleditor first name descriptiongiven or first name middle names or initials the sixth editor don't wikilinktypelinealiaseseditorgiveneditorlastlabeleditor last name descriptionthe surnamethe seventh editordon't wikilink use editorlinkaliases editortypelineeditorfirstlabeleditor first name descriptiongiven or first name middle names or initials the seventh editordont wikilinktypelinealiaseseditorgiveneditorlastlabeleditor last name descriptionthe surnamethe eighth editor don't wikilink use editorlinkaliaseseditortypelineeditorfirstlabeleditor first name descriptiongiven orfirst name middle namesor initialsthe eighth editordon't wikilinktypelinealiaseseditorgiveneditorlast labeleditor last namedescriptionthe surname the ninth editordon't wikilink useditorlinkaliases editortypelineeditorfirstlabeleditor first name descriptiongiven or first name, middle names or initials the ninth editordont wikilinktypelinealiases editorgiveneditorlink labeleditorlinktypestringrequirededitorlinklabeleditorlinktypestringrequirededitorlinklabeleditorlinktypestring requirededitorlinklabeleditorlinktypestringrequirededitorlinklabeleditorlink typestringrequiredtranslatorlastlabeltranslator last namedescriptionthe surname the translatordon't wikilink usetranslatorlinkcan suffix with a numeral to add additional translatorsaliasestranslatortranslatorlasttranslatortranslatorlastypestringtranslatorfirstlabeltranslator first namedescriptiongivenorfirst name middle namesor initialsthe translator don't wikilink usetranslatorlink can suffix with a numeral to add additional translatoraliasestranslatorfirst translatorfirsttypestringtranslatorlinklabeltranslator linkdescriptiontitle existing wikipedia articlethe translatorcan suffix with a numeral to add additional translatorstypewikipagenamealiases translatorlinktranslatorlintranslatorlastlabeltranslator last namedescriptionthe surname the second translator don't wikilinkusetranslatorlinkaliases translatortranslatorlasttypestringtranslatorfirstlabeltranslator first namedescriptiongiven or first name middle namesor initialsthe second translatordon't wikilinkuse translatorlinaliasestranslatorfirsttypestrintranslatorlastlabeltranslator last namedescriptionthe surnamethe third translatordon't wikilink use translatorlinkaliases translatortranslatorlast typestringtranslatorfirst:labeltranslator first namedescriptionGiven or first name middle namesor initialsthe third translatordon't wikilinkusetranslatorlinkaliasestranslatorfirsttypestringtranslatorlast labeltranslator last name descriptiothe surname the fourth translatordon't wikilink usetranslatorlinkaliasestranslator "translatorlast typestringtranslatorfirstlabeltranslator first namedescriptiongiven or first namemiddle names or initials the fourth translatordon't wikilinkuse translatorlinkaliasestranslatorfirsttypestringtranslator-last labeltranslator last namedescriptionThe surnamethe fifth translatordon't wikilink use translatorlinkaliases translatortranslatorlasttypestringtranslatorfirstlabeltranslator first name descriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesor initials the fifth translatordon't wikilink use translatorlink aliasestranslatorfirsttypestringtranslatorlastlabeltranslator last namedescriptionthe surnamethe sixth translatordon't wikilinkusetranslatorliaaliasetranslatortranslatorlasttypestringtranslatorfirstlabeltranslator first namedescriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesor initials the sixth translatordon't wikilink usetranslatorlinkaliasestranslatorfirsttypestringtranslatorlastlabel translatorlast namedescriptiohe surnamethe seventh translator don't wikilink use translatorlinkaliases translatortranslatorlastortypestringtranslatorfirstlabeltranslator first name descriptiongiven or first name middle names or initials the seventh translator don't wikilink use translatorlinkaliases translatorfirsttypestringtranslator-lastlabeltranslator last namedescriptionthe surname the eighth translator don't wikilinkusetranslatorlinkaliases translatortranslatorlasttypestringtranslatorfirstlabeltranslator first name descriptiongiven or first namemiddle namesor initials the eighth translatordon't wikilinkuse translatorlinaaliasestranslatorfirsttypestringtranslatorlast labeltranslator last name descriptiothe surname the ninth translatordon't wikilinkuse translatorlinaliasetranslatortranslatorlasttypestringtranslatorfirst labeltranslator first namedescriptionGiven or first name middle namesor initials the ninth translatordon't wikilinkusetranslatorlinkaliasestranslatorfirsttypestringtranslatorlink labeltranslator linkdescriptiotitle existing Wikipedia article about the second translatortypewikipagenamealiasestranslatorlinktranslatorlinklabeltranslator link descriptiontitle existing wikipedia articlethe third translatortypewikipagenamealiasestranslatorlinktranslatorlinklabeltranslator linkdescriptiontitle existing Wikipedia articlethe fourth translatortypewikipagenamealiases translatorlinktranslatorlinklabeltranslatorlink descriptiontitleexistingwikipedia articlethe fifth translatortypewikipagenamealiases translatorlink translatorlink labeltranslator link descriptiontitle existing wikipedia article about the sixth translatortypewikipagenamealiases translatorlinktranslatorlink labeltranslator linkdescriptiotitle existing Wikipedia articlethe seventh translatortypewikipagenamealiases translatorlink translatorlinklabeltranslator link descriptiontitle existing wikipedia articlethe eighth translatortypewikipagenamealiasestranslatorlink translatorlinklabeltranslator linkdescriptio title existing wikipedia article about the ninth translatortypewikipagenamealiases translatorlinklayurlaliases layurllabellay urldescriptionurl link to a nontechnical summary or review othe sourcetypelinedisplayauthors labeldisplay authorsdescriptionnumber authors to display before et al is used must be less than the number listedtypenumbernameliststylealiasesnamelistformatlabelname list styledescriptionsets the style for the lisacceptsampandand vancamp displays an ampersand after the penultimate nameand the same with andand vanc displays in vancouver formattypestringmapscitoideditioneditiontitletitlecasenametitlenameofactitleurlurllabelpublishercompanypublisherstudiopublishernetworkpublisherdistributopublisherpublisherpublishepublicationtitleworkdictionarytitleworkencyclopediatitleworkbooktitleworkdatedatedateenacteddatedatedecideddateaccessdataccessdateplaceplaceissn issnisbnisbnpmcidpmcpmidpmid oclcoclcpagespages firstpagepagescodepagespages volumevolumereportervolumevolume codevolumevolumeseriesseries programtitleseriesepisodenumberissuebillnumberissuedocumentnumberissue lawnumberissuedocketnumberissue issueissuetypetypegenretypelettertypetypemaptypetypedoidoilanguagelanguagepodcasterfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlasfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastcartographerfirst lastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastintervieweefirstlastfirslastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastperformer firstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirtlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastprogrfirstlastfirstlastfirstlasfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastsponsorfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastartistfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirslaatfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastdirectorfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlasfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastcontributorthersauthor firstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlastfirstlasttranslatortranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasteditoreditorfirseditorlasteditorfireditorlasteditorfirst editorlasteditorfirst editorlastparamorderlastfirst titledate urlworkvolumeissue page pagespublicationdatedfyear postscript editorlast editorfirst authormask origyeartranstitletranschaptertypearchiveur seriesatnoppchaptercontributionchapterurlcontributiurlchapterformatotherseditionplplacelanguageformatarxivasinasintldbibcodebiorxivciteseerxdoidoibrokendateisbnissn eissjfm jstorlccn mroclcol osti pmc pmid rfc ssrn zbl id quote ref accessdate layurllaysource laydate nameliststyle displayauthors archive last first lastfirst last first last first last first last first last first last first authorlink authorlink authorlink authorlink authorlink authorlink authorlink authorlink authorlink editorlast editorfirst editorlast editorfirst editorlast editorfirst editorlasteditorfirsteditorlasteditorfirsteditorlasteditorfirsteditorlasteditorfirsteditorlasteditorfirsteditorlinkeditorlinkeditorlinkeditorlinkeditorlinktranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlinktranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirst translatorlastrranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlastrranslatorfirsttranslatorlasttranslatorfirsttranslatorlinktranslatorlinktranslatorlinktranslatorlinktranslatorlinktranslatorlinktranslatorlinktranslatortemplatedataufcoinssee also wikipediacitation templateswikipediainline citation wikipediaparentheticalreferencingfor a comparisoncitations using templates with citations writtenfreehandseewikipediaciting sourcesexample edits fordifferent methodsfootnoteswikipediaciting sourcesexample edits for different methodsnbspfootnotesnotesreflistwikipedia referencingWikipediahelp pagesincludeonlysandboxothercategories go below this line pleaseinterwikis go to Wikidata thankyoucategorycitationstyletemplateincludeonly