Apamvatsa: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa ()}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Āpaṃvatsa ()}}


[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg|thumb|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]Āpaṃvatsa is an Indian star name attested throughout the last millennium. The only indication of the position is Apamvatsa is 5° to the north of [[Chitra]] ([[Spica]]) in [[Virgo]]. No information on magnitudes is preserved.<ref>B. S. Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai (2019). Āpa and Apāṃvatsa – enigmatic stars catalogued in Sūryasiddhānta, J. Astrophys. Astr. (2019) 40:48, Indian Academy of Sciences</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.
[[File:0048 apa and apavatsapaperVII Fig2.jpeg|thumb|The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.]]Apāṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स) is an Indian star name attested throughout the last millennium. The only indication of the position is Apamvatsa is 5° to the north of [[Chitra]] ([[Spica]]) in [[Virgo]]. No information on magnitudes is preserved.<ref>B. S. Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai (2019). Āpa and Apāṃvatsa – enigmatic stars catalogued in Sūryasiddhānta, J. Astrophys. Astr. (2019) 40:48, Indian Academy of Sciences</ref> Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir ([https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=74+Vir&submit=SIMBAD+search SIMBAD], [https://vsx.aavso.org/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=44921 VSX]), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of ''V''~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.


==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
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Spelling Variants:
Spelling Variants:


Identification Variants: Shylaja and Pai (2019) also discussed the Mira-variable S Vir that reaches V~6.3 mag in peaks, but find it unlikely. Yet, they also conclude that the identification with 74 Vir is highly uncertain.
Identification Variants: Shylaja and Pai (2019) also discussed the Mira-variable S Vir that reaches V~6.3 mag in peaks, but find it unlikely. Yet, they conclude that the identification with 74 Vir is debatable.


=== Origin of Name ===
=== Origin of Name ===
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|Aryabhaṭa
|Aryabhaṭa
|5th century
|5th century
|(not listed)
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|Lalla
|Lalla
|5th– 9th century
|5th– 9th century
|Śiṣyadhīvṛddhidatantra of Lalla, ed. and tr. by Bina Chatterjee, vol II, INSA, New Delhi, 1981.
|Śiṣyadhīvṛddhidatantra of Lalla, ed. and tr. by Bina Chatterjee, vol II, INSA, New Delhi, 1981. (not listed)
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|Vaṭeśvara
|Vaṭeśvara
|10th century
|10th century
|Vaṭeśvarasiddhānta of Vaṭeśvara, critically edited with English translation and commentary, by Shukla K. S., INSA, New Delhi, 1985.
|Vaṭeśvarasiddhānta of Vaṭeśvara, critically edited with English translation and commentary, by Shukla K. S., INSA, New Delhi, 1985. (not listed)
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|Śrīpati
|Śrīpati
|12th century
|12th century
|Siddhāntaśekhara, ed. and tr. by Sripada Bhat (INSA Report, unpublished)
|Siddhāntaśekhara, ed. and tr. by Sripada Bhat (INSA Report, unpublished) (not listed)
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|Parameśvara
|Parameśvara
|13th century
|13th century
|Commentary on SS
|Commentary on SS (Not listed)
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|
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|

Latest revision as of 14:35, 2 October 2025


The stars identified by Shylaja and Pai (2019), their Table 2, are marked with red circles on the map of Virgo. The two arrows correspond to Apamvatsa and Apa. The original chart by IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) is from Creative Commons.

Apāṃvatsa (अपऻऺवत्स) is an Indian star name attested throughout the last millennium. The only indication of the position is Apamvatsa is 5° to the north of Chitra (Spica) in Virgo. No information on magnitudes is preserved.[1] Shylaja and Pai (2019) identify 74 Vir (SIMBAD, VSX), a red giant of roughly one solar mass and apparent brightness of V~4.69 mag. Red giants vary in brightness due to pulsation, but the VSX gives only an interval of 0.07 mag in V.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Translation:

Spelling Variants:

Identification Variants: Shylaja and Pai (2019) also discussed the Mira-variable S Vir that reaches V~6.3 mag in peaks, but find it unlikely. Yet, they conclude that the identification with 74 Vir is debatable.

Origin of Name

The text Sūryasiddhānta is considered as an authority from the 8th to the 19th century CE, but the author(s) remain unknown. Its date is estimated to the 4th or 5th century. It contains a chapter with lists of coordinates and names of stars, which allows for identifications.

Author Date (CE) Source/ Reference Coordinates
Dh Vi
Aryabhaṭa 5th century (not listed)
Lalla 5th– 9th century Śiṣyadhīvṛddhidatantra of Lalla, ed. and tr. by Bina Chatterjee, vol II, INSA, New Delhi, 1981. (not listed)
Vaṭeśvara 10th century Vaṭeśvarasiddhānta of Vaṭeśvara, critically edited with English translation and commentary, by Shukla K. S., INSA, New Delhi, 1985. (not listed)
Śrīpati 12th century Siddhāntaśekhara, ed. and tr. by Sripada Bhat (INSA Report, unpublished) (not listed)
Sūryasiddhānta ? Wilkinson and Bapudeva Sastri, 1861, online digital versions Google books 5° North of Citrā
Parameśvara 13th century Commentary on SS (Not listed)
Padmanābha Manuscript B number 45892 1423 Yantrarāja-Adhikāra Chapter 1, Yantrakiraṇāvali, Ohashi Y., IJHS, 32.3 (1997) 199–295. 185|9 2|53
Padmanābha Manuscript A 45888 1576 (or earlier) Yantrarāja-Adhikāra Chapter 1, Yantrakiraṇāvali, Ohashi Y., IJHS, 32.3 (1997) 199–295. 185|9 2|53
Ganeśa Daivajña Grahalāghava, ed. and tr. by Balachandra Rao S. and Uma S. K., 2008. 183 3
Munīśvara, 1646 Siddhāntasārvabhauma of Munīśvara, edited by Pt. Mīthālāla Ojhā, Saṃpurṇānand Sanskrit Vishvavidyalaya, Varanasi, 1978. 5° North of Citrā
Ketkar 1855 Ketakīya Grahagaṇitam
Candraśekhara Sāmanta 1864 Siddhāntadarpaṇa. 5° North of Citrā

Transfer and Transformation

Religion/ Tales/ Mythology

mnemonic tales and cultural significance

Weblinks

References

  1. ↑ B. S. Shylaja and Venketeswara Pai (2019). Āpa and Apāṃvatsa – enigmatic stars catalogued in Sūryasiddhānta, J. Astrophys. Astr. (2019) 40:48, Indian Academy of Sciences
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