Inka (All Terms): Difference between revisions

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!English
!English
!Note
!Note
!Source
|-
|-
|Alto pina ch'aska
|Santissima Cruz
|Spanish
|
|
|“The Sacred Cross”
|  α, β, δ, π, and σ Scorpii
|
|
|" star which is already high" [i.e., in the zenith]
|A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
|-
|-
|Amaru
|Amaru
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|“The Serpent”
|“The Serpent”
|Scorpius
|Scorpius
|
|-
|-
|Amaru contor
|Llamacñawin
|
|
|
|
|“The Eyes of the Llama”
|the serpent changing to the condor
|Scorpius
|α and β Centauri
|
|-
|-
|Aquayoq and Catuilla
|Huchuy Cruz
|Qechua & Spanish
|
|
|“The Small Cross”
|The Southern Cross
|
|
|-
|Hatun Cruz
|
|
|“The Great Cross”
|(a) Rigel, Sirius, Procyon, and Betelgeuse
(b) Procyon, Castor, η and μ Gemini
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|-
|Arado
|Qollca
|Spanish
|
|Collca
|“The Storehouse”
|(a) The Pleiades (also Qutu, The Pile)
(b) The Hyades (also Pisqacollca, The Five Storehouses)

(c) The tail of Scorpius (η, θ, ι, κ, λ, and υ Scorpii)
|
|
|plough
|Scorpius
|-
|-
|Atoq
|Onqoy
|
|
|
|
|The Fox
|"Desease", an alternative name for Qollca
|
|
|-
|Chakana
|
|
|“The Bridge”
|(1) Orion’s Belt
(2) ε, δ, and η Canis Major
|
|-
|Pachapacariq Chaska
|
|
|“The Venus of the Western Suyu”
|(1) Canopus
(2) Altair
|
|-
|Urquchillay
|
|Urcuchillay
|“Llama of Many Colors”
|Lyra
|
|-
|Qatachillay
|
|Catachillay
|“Female Llama with Lamb”
|Altair and Deneb
|
|-
|Chasca Cuyllor
|
|
|“Morning Star” “Evening Star”
|Venus
|
|-
|Mach`aqway
|
|Machacuay
|the Serpent
|a dark constellation
|a dark constellation
|
|-
|-
|Boca de Sapo
|Chaska Waraqa Mach`aqway
|Spanish
|
|
|the flame in the eyes of llamaqñawin
|α and β Centauri
|
|
|"mouth of the toad"
|Hyades
|-
|-
|Boleadora
|Hanp’atu
|
|
|
|
|a lasso with three balls at the end; also a "thief'
|The Toad
|Shooting stars
|a dark constellation
|
|-
|-
|Cabanuelas
|Yuthu
|
|
|Yutu
|The Tinamou
|(1) Coalsack, SE of Southern Cross
(2) dark spot outlined by the tail of Sco
(3) dark spot near Scutum
|
|
|"small hut, cottage"
|Pleiades (?)
|-
|-
|Calvario Cruz
|Yaqana
|Spanish
|
|
|the cross of Calvary
|Yacana
|The Llama
|a dark constellation
|
|
* (a) head of Scorpius
* (b) Betelgeuse, Rigel, Sirius, and Procyon
* (c) Procyon, Castor, Belt of Orion, 13 T auri
* (d) Belt of Orion, T Orionis, and Rigel
|-
|-
|Ch`aka Tinkucheq
|Uñallamacha
|
|
|
|
|The Baby Llama
|a dark constellation
|
|
|Orion's Belt+ Betelgeuse and Rigel
|-
|-
|Ch`aska Punchu
|Atoq
|
|
|The Fox
|a dark constellation
|
|
|Chasqa Punchu
|Poncho of the Stars
|the seven bright stars of Orion
|-
|-
|Ch`askamayu
|Michij runa
|
|
|
|
|a shepherd
|a dark constellation
|
|
|Milky Way
|-
|-
|Ch’aska Waraqa
|Chuquichinchay
|
|
|
|
|
|
|stars in the tail of Scorpius
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Chacra
|Choquechinchay
|
|
|
|
|
|
|A cultivation area; Betelgeuse, Bellatrix, Rigel, and Saiph.
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Chakana
|Mayu
|
|
|
|
|“The Bridge” or "Stars"
|
|
* (1) Orion’s Belt
|a constellation

|
* (2) ε, δ, and η Canis Major
|-
|-
|Chaqana
|Quntur
|
|
|Ch`akana
|
|
|Southern Cross
|
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Chasca Cuyllor
|Suyuntu and Huaman
|
|
|
|
|“Morning Star” “Evening Star”
|
|Venus
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Ch'aska
|Orqorara and Ranch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|a constellation
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Ch'aska plata
|Foot
|
|
|
|
|" silver star"
|
|Shooting stars
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Chaska Waraqa Mach`aqway
|Ch`aska Punchu
|
|
|Chasqa Punchu
|Poncho of the Stars
|the seven bright stars of Orion
|
|
|the flame in the eyes of llamaqñawin
|α and β Centauri
|-
|-
|Ch'issin ch'aska
|Chaqana
|
|
|Ch`akana
|
|Southern Cross
|
|
|"evening star"
|1st and 2nd magnitude stars and a planet
|-
|-
|Choquechinchay
|Chaska
|
|
|
|
|"golden cat"
|
|Tail of Scorpio (or dark spot inside tail?)
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Chuchuqoyllor
|Aquayoq and Catuilla
|
|
|
|
|
|
|a constellation
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Chuquichinchay
|Chuchuqoyllor
|
|
|
|
|
|
|a constellation
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|[[Contor]]
|Mallki
|
|
|
|
|condor
|
|in Aries
|
|
|-
|-
|Coscotoca ch'aska
|Kotu Sankha
|
|
|
|
|"star of the two equal parts"
|
|A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
|Hyades + Aldebaran
|
|-
|Puma Yoke
|
|
|
|in Gemini
|
|-
|-
|Flagstone Hayquna
|Flagstone Hayquna
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|
|
|a constellation
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Foot
|Kapuwara Wara
|
|
|
|
|
|
|a constellation
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Hanp’atu
|Ch’aska Waraqa
|
|
|
|
|The Toad
|
|a dark constellation
|stars in the tail of Scorpius
|
|-
|-
|Hatun Coyllur
|Laja Haykuna
|
|
|
|
|"large star"
|
|Sirius
|in Argo
|
|-
|-
|Hatun Cruz
|Yaqumama
|
|
|
|
|“The Great Cross”
|
|
* (a) Rigel, Sirius, Procyon, and Betelgeuse
|a constellation
* (b) Procyon, Castor, η and μ Gemini
|
|-
|-
|Hatun llamaytoq
|Qosqo and Qurawasi
|
|
|
|
|the great large llama
|Crossover Stars
|a dark streak between the coal-sack and eps Sco
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Huaman
|Ch`askamayu
|Qechua
|
|
|
|
|Alnitak
|
|Milky Way
|
|-
|-
|Huchuy Cruz
|Orqorara
|Qechua & Spanish
|
|
|three stars all the same
|"Three Marias", Orion's Belt
|
|
|“The Small Cross”
|The Southern Cross
|-
|-
|K 'olli
|Quntur
|
|
|
|
|?
|condor
|unidentified small dark spot
|Mintaka
|Quechua
|-
|-
|Kapuwara Wara
|Suyuntuy
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Alnilam
|Quechua
|-
|Huaman
|
|
|
|Alnitak
|Quechua
|-
|Ch`aka Tinkucheq
|
|
|
|Orion's Belt+ Betelgeuse and Rigel
|
|-
|Saramanqa
|
|
|pot of maiz (corn)
|a constellation
|a constellation
|
|-
|-
|Khaswa Coyllur
|Qoqamanqa
|
|
|
|
|"circle dance star(s)"
|pot of coca
|a constellation
|
|
* (a) γ, o, κ, λ Vela
* (b) Corona Borealis (?)
|-
|-
|Kotu Sankha
|Alto pina ch'aska
|
|
|
|
|" star which is already high" [i.e., in the zenith]
|A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
|
|
|Hyades + Aldebaran
|-
|-
|Laja Haykuna
|Boleadora
|
|
|
|
|a lasso with three balls at the end; also a "thief'
|Shooting stars
|
|
|in Argo Navis, means entry into the darkness
|-
|-
|Linun Cruz
|Ch'aska plata
|Spanish
|
|
|" silver star"
|Shooting stars
|
|
|Linun = Lat. lignum; "wooden cross" or "the crucifixion cross"
|head of Scorpius
|-
|-
|Llama
|Ch'issin ch'aska
|
|
|
|
|llama
|"evening star"
|Large dark streak between the Coalsack and ε Scorpii
|1st and 2nd magnitude stars and a planet
|
|-
|-
|Llama Cancha
|Coscotoca ch'aska
|
|
|
|
|"Llama corral"
|"star of the two equal parts"
|A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
|
|
|-
|-
|Llamacñawin
|Hatun Coyllur
|
|
|
|
|“The Eyes of the Llama”
|"large star"
|α and β Centauri
|Sirius
|
|-
|-
|lllarimi ch 'aska
|lllarimi ch 'aska
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|
|
|"dawn star"
|"dawn star"
|any 1st or 2nd mag star or planet at dawn
|any 1st or 2nd mag star or planet at dawn
|
|-
|-
|Locero
|Locero
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|
|
|moning star, Venus
|moning star, Venus
|In Yucay, one infonnant talked of pachaypaqa locero ("dawn morning star"); an informant in Lucre called both the morning and evening stars "locero."
|In Yucay, one infonnant talked of pachaypaqa locero ("dawn morning star"); an informant in Lucre called both the morning and evening stars "locero."
|
|-
|-
|Mach`aqway
|Pachapacariq ch'aska
|
|
|"dawn of the earth"
|One Sonqo informant rereferred to pachai/larimi ch'aska ("dawn of the earth star"); it might be any bright object ...
|
|
|Machacuay
|the Serpent
|a dark constellation
|-
|-
|Mallki
|Torito
|Spanish
|
|
|" little bull"
|A star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight; torito is also the name of the " rhinoceros beetle" (Dynastinae)
|
|
|-
|Amaru contor
|
|
|the serpent changing to the condor
|Scorpius
|
|
|in Aries
|-
|-
|Mama Rosario
|Arado
|Spanish
|Spanish
|
|
|Mother Rosary
|plough
|unidentified bright nebulosity in the Milky Way
|Scorpius
|
|-
|-
|Mamana micuc
|Boca de Sapo
|Spanish
|
|
|"mouth of the toad"
|Hyades
|
|
|"(the one who) eats his mother"
|ξ, π, σ, ν, τ Puppis
|-
|-
|Mayu
|Cabanuelas
|
|
|
|
|"small hut, cottage"
|Pleiades (?)
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|-
|Michij runa
|Calvario Cruz
|Spanish
|
|
|the cross of Calvary
|(a) head of Scorpio
(b) Betelgeuse, Rigel, Sirius, and Procyon
(c) Procyon, Castor, Belt of Orion, 13 T auri
(d) Belt of Orion, T Orionis, and Rigel
|
|
|a shepherd
|a dark constellation
|-
|-
|Ñawin Cristo
|Contor
|
|
|
|
|"the eyes of Christ"
|condor
|α and β Centauri
|(a) head of Scorpius
(b) in CMa

* head = 8, e, n Canis Majoris,
* wing = a, 13, y Pyxidis
* wing = a Monocerotis
* tail = a Hydrae

(c) a dark spot, perhaps in the area of Scorpius
|
|-
|-
|Ombligo de la llama
|Chakana
|
|
|
|
|umbilicus of the llama
|"bridge, stair"
|narrow, curving dark streak from alf Cen south and curving up to tet Sco
|(a) Belt of Orion
(b) Chacanuay = 8, e, 71 Canis Majoris
|
|-
|-
|Onqoy
|Choquechinchay
|
|
|
|
|"Desease", an alternative name for Qollca
|"golden cat"
|Tail of Scorpio (or dark spot inside tail?)
|
|
|-
|-
|Orqorara
|Khaswa Coyllur
|
|
|
|
|three stars all the same
|"circle dance star(s)"
|"Three Marias", Orion's Belt
|(a) γ, o, κ, λ Vela
(b) Corona Borealis (?)
|
|-
|-
|Orqorara and Ranch
|Llama Cancha
|
|
|
|"Llama corral"
|
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|-
|Pachapacariq Chaska
|Linun Cruz
|Spanish
|
|
|Linun = Lat. lignum; "wooden cross" or "the crucifixion cross"
|head of Scorpius
|
|
|“The Venus of the Western Suyu”
|-
|Mamana micuc
|
|
|"(the one who) eats his mother"
|ξ, π, σ, ν, τ Puppis
|
|
* (1) Canopus

* (2) Altair
|-
|-
|Pachapacariq ch'aska
|Ñawin Cristo
|
|
|
|
|"the eyes of Christ"
|"dawn of the earth"
|One Sonqo informant rereferred to pachai/larimi ch'aska ("dawn of the earth star"); it might be any bright object ...
|α and β Centauri
|
|-
|-
|Papa Dios Cruz
|Papa Dios Cruz
Line 543: Line 385:
|"the cross of God the father"
|"the cross of God the father"
|head of Scorpius
|head of Scorpius
|
|-
|-
|Passon Cruz
|Passon Cruz
Line 549: Line 390:
|
|
|the cross of the Passion
|the cross of the Passion
|
|
|
|-
|-
Line 557: Line 397:
|the five storehouses
|the five storehouses
|between Orion and the Hyades
|between Orion and the Hyades
|
|-
|-
|Pisqa Coyllur
|Pisqa Coyllur
Line 564: Line 403:
|the five star(s)
|the five star(s)
|Hyades
|Hyades
|-
|Posuqu
|
|
|
|foam
|bright stellar clouds in the southern Milky Way
|-
|-
|Puma Yunta
|Qutu
|
|
|
|
|pile
|Pleiades
|
|
|in Gemini - eyes Castor and Pollux
|-
|-
|Qatachillay
|Sonaja
|
|
|Catachillay
|“Female Llama with Lamb”
|Altair and Deneb
|-
|[[Qollca]]
|
|
|Collca
|tambourine, rattle
|“The Storehouse”
|Corona Borealis
|
|
|-
|-
|Qoqamanqa
|Yutucruz
|Qechua-Spanish
|
|
|"tinamou cross"
|Southern Cross
|
|
|pot of coca
|a constellation
|-
|-
|Qosqo and Qurawasi
|Hatun llamaytoq
|
|
|
|
|Crossover Stars
|the great large llama
|a constellation
|a dark streak between the coal-sack and eps Sco
|-
|Quntur
|Qechua
|
|
|condor
|Mintaka
|-
|-
|Qutu
|K 'olli
|
|
|
|
|pile
|?
|Pleiades
|unidentified small dark spot
|-
|Santissima Cruz
|Spanish
|
|
|“The Sacred Cross”
|  α, β, δ, π, and σ Scorpii
|-
|-
|Saramanqa
|Llama
|
|
|
|
|pot of maiz (corn)
|llama
|a constellation
|Large dark streak between the Coalsack and ε Scorpii
|
|-
|-
|Sonaja
|Ombligo de la llama
|
|
|
|
|tambourine, rattle
|umbilicus of the llama
|Corona Borealis
|narrow, curving dark streak from alf Cen south and curving up to tet Sco
|
|-
|-
|Sullu ullucu
|Sullu ullucu
Line 619: Line 474:
|
|
|aborted ullucu
|aborted ullucu
|
|
|
|-
|-
|Suyuntu and Huaman
|Urpi
|
|
|
|
|dove
|coalsack
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|-
|Suyuntuy
|Yutu
|Qechua
|
|
|tinamou
|
|
|
|
|Alnilam
|-
|-
|Torito
|Mama Rosario
|Spanish
|Spanish
|
|
|" little bull"
|Mother Rosary
|A star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight; torito is also the name of the " rhinoceros beetle" (Dynastinae)
|unidentified bright nebulosity in the Milky Way
|-
|Uñallamacha
|
|
|
|The Baby Llama
|a dark constellation
|-
|-
|Urpi
|Posuqu
|
|
|
|
|dove
|foam
|coalsack
|bright stellar clouds in the southern Milky Way
|-
|Urquchillay
|
|
|Urcuchillay
|“Llama of Many Colors”
|Lyra
|-
|-
|Yaqana
|Chacra
|
|
|Yacana
|The Llama
|a dark constellation
|-
|Yaqumama
|
|
|
|
|
|
|a constellation
|-
|Yuthu
|
|
|Yutu
|The Tinamou
|
* (1) Coalsack, SE of Southern Cross

* (2) dark spot outlined by the tail of Sco
* (3) dark spot near Scutum
|-
|Yutucruz
|Qechua-Spanish
|
|"tinamou cross"
|Southern Cross
|}
|}


References


[[Category:Overviews]]
[[Category:Overviews]]

Latest revision as of 05:29, 29 May 2025

Inka are peoples in the Americas. This compilation of terms and their spelling variants was compiled by Steven R. Gullberg and Susanne M Hoffmann based on the following literature:

  1. Gary Urton (1981). At the Crossroads of the Earth and Sky: An Andean Cosmology (University of Texas Press)
  2. Steven R. Gullberg (2020). Astronomy of the Inca Empire: Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky (Springer)
  3. Steven R Gullberg and Milton Rojas (2024). Inca Cosmovision: The Astronomical Legacy of an Andean Empire (Springer)
Original Language of Origin Pronounce English Note
Alto pina ch'aska " star which is already high" [i.e., in the zenith] A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
Amaru “The Serpent” Scorpius
Amaru contor the serpent changing to the condor Scorpius
Aquayoq and Catuilla a constellation
Arado Spanish plough Scorpius
Atoq The Fox a dark constellation
Boca de Sapo Spanish "mouth of the toad" Hyades
Boleadora a lasso with three balls at the end; also a "thief' Shooting stars
Cabanuelas "small hut, cottage" Pleiades (?)
Calvario Cruz Spanish the cross of Calvary
  • (a) head of Scorpius
  • (b) Betelgeuse, Rigel, Sirius, and Procyon
  • (c) Procyon, Castor, Belt of Orion, 13 T auri
  • (d) Belt of Orion, T Orionis, and Rigel
Ch`aka Tinkucheq Orion's Belt+ Betelgeuse and Rigel
Ch`aska Punchu Chasqa Punchu Poncho of the Stars the seven bright stars of Orion
Ch`askamayu Milky Way
Ch’aska Waraqa stars in the tail of Scorpius
Chacra A cultivation area; Betelgeuse, Bellatrix, Rigel, and Saiph.
Chakana “The Bridge” or "Stars"
  • (1) Orion’s Belt
  • (2) ε, δ, and η Canis Major
Chaqana Ch`akana Southern Cross
Chasca Cuyllor “Morning Star” “Evening Star” Venus
Ch'aska a constellation
Ch'aska plata " silver star" Shooting stars
Chaska Waraqa Mach`aqway the flame in the eyes of llamaqñawin α and β Centauri
Ch'issin ch'aska "evening star" 1st and 2nd magnitude stars and a planet
Choquechinchay "golden cat" Tail of Scorpio (or dark spot inside tail?)
Chuchuqoyllor a constellation
Chuquichinchay a constellation
Contor condor
Coscotoca ch'aska "star of the two equal parts" A 1st and 2nd magnitude star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight
Flagstone Hayquna a constellation
Foot a constellation
Hanp’atu The Toad a dark constellation
Hatun Coyllur "large star" Sirius
Hatun Cruz “The Great Cross”
  • (a) Rigel, Sirius, Procyon, and Betelgeuse
  • (b) Procyon, Castor, η and μ Gemini
Hatun llamaytoq the great large llama a dark streak between the coal-sack and eps Sco
Huaman Qechua Alnitak
Huchuy Cruz Qechua & Spanish “The Small Cross” The Southern Cross
K 'olli ? unidentified small dark spot
Kapuwara Wara a constellation
Khaswa Coyllur "circle dance star(s)"
  • (a) γ, o, κ, λ Vela
  • (b) Corona Borealis (?)
Kotu Sankha Hyades + Aldebaran
Laja Haykuna in Argo Navis, means entry into the darkness
Linun Cruz Spanish Linun = Lat. lignum; "wooden cross" or "the crucifixion cross" head of Scorpius
Llama llama Large dark streak between the Coalsack and ε Scorpii
Llama Cancha "Llama corral"
Llamacñawin “The Eyes of the Llama” α and β Centauri
lllarimi ch 'aska "dawn star" any 1st or 2nd mag star or planet at dawn
Locero moning star, Venus In Yucay, one infonnant talked of pachaypaqa locero ("dawn morning star"); an informant in Lucre called both the morning and evening stars "locero."
Mach`aqway Machacuay the Serpent a dark constellation
Mallki in Aries
Mama Rosario Spanish Mother Rosary unidentified bright nebulosity in the Milky Way
Mamana micuc "(the one who) eats his mother" ξ, π, σ, ν, τ Puppis
Mayu a constellation
Michij runa a shepherd a dark constellation
Ñawin Cristo "the eyes of Christ" α and β Centauri
Ombligo de la llama umbilicus of the llama narrow, curving dark streak from alf Cen south and curving up to tet Sco
Onqoy "Desease", an alternative name for Qollca
Orqorara three stars all the same "Three Marias", Orion's Belt
Orqorara and Ranch a constellation
Pachapacariq Chaska “The Venus of the Western Suyu”
  • (1) Canopus
  • (2) Altair
Pachapacariq ch'aska "dawn of the earth" One Sonqo informant rereferred to pachai/larimi ch'aska ("dawn of the earth star"); it might be any bright object ...
Papa Dios Cruz Spanish "the cross of God the father" head of Scorpius
Passon Cruz Spanish the cross of the Passion
Pisqa Collea the five storehouses between Orion and the Hyades
Pisqa Coyllur the five star(s) Hyades
Posuqu foam bright stellar clouds in the southern Milky Way
Puma Yunta in Gemini - eyes Castor and Pollux
Qatachillay Catachillay “Female Llama with Lamb” Altair and Deneb
Qollca Collca “The Storehouse”
Qoqamanqa pot of coca a constellation
Qosqo and Qurawasi Crossover Stars a constellation
Quntur Qechua condor Mintaka
Qutu pile Pleiades
Santissima Cruz Spanish “The Sacred Cross”   α, β, δ, π, and σ Scorpii
Saramanqa pot of maiz (corn) a constellation
Sonaja tambourine, rattle Corona Borealis
Sullu ullucu aborted ullucu
Suyuntu and Huaman a constellation
Suyuntuy Qechua Alnilam
Torito Spanish " little bull" A star or planet in the "zenith" at midnight; torito is also the name of the " rhinoceros beetle" (Dynastinae)
Uñallamacha The Baby Llama a dark constellation
Urpi dove coalsack
Urquchillay Urcuchillay “Llama of Many Colors” Lyra
Yaqana Yacana The Llama a dark constellation
Yaqumama a constellation
Yuthu Yutu The Tinamou
  • (1) Coalsack, SE of Southern Cross
  • (2) dark spot outlined by the tail of Sco
  • (3) dark spot near Scutum
Yutucruz Qechua-Spanish "tinamou cross" Southern Cross
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