E2.TUR3: Difference between revisions

From All Skies Encyclopaedia
E2.TUR3
No edit summary
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{DISPLAYTITLE:E<sub>2</sub>.TUR<sub>3</sub>}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:E<sub>2</sub>.TUR<sub>3</sub>}}


Babylonian name means "Enclosure" and designates a star or constellation in [[Leo]]. Other ideas may have been held by other ancient scholars as well: The exact sense of the various renderings of the terms with e<sub>2</sub>.tur.ra range from identifications with 'The Lion' constellation to the closest sense of what might be a full-sky constellation in cuneiform. EAE (2) equates <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>2</sub>.TUR<sub>3</sub>.RA with the entire sky, based on a view of the stars as cattle in their enclosure: this enclosure being the entire sky, wild cattle being the planets, and domesticated cattle being the fixed-stars (Horowitz 2010,<ref>Horowitz  W.  2010:  “Stars,  Cows,  Semicircles  and  Domes:  Astronomical  Creation  Myths  and  the Mathematical  Universe,”  in  W. Horowitz,  U.  Gabbay,  and  F.  Vukosavoviæ,  eds.,  A  Woman  of  Valor: Jerusalem Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Joan Goodnik W estenholz: 263-285.</ref> Rochberg 2010<ref>Francesca Rochberg (2010). S'''HEEP AND CATTLE, COWS AND CALVES: THE SUMERO-AKKADIAN ASTRAL GODS AS LIVESTOCK''' In: Opening the Tablet Box, Brill, 347–359
''Babylonian name of a star or constellation. -not sure etur and turrame are the same thing. Unless ME here is plural - so mulE.TUR.RAme''


https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004186569/B9789004186569-s022.xml</ref>). 


''E6 = É.TUR - Euin Choung re-translate - Wayne-Susanne need to process - Wayne need to check Cavigneaux 1979 and the reference in G|SL''  


==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
= ''tarbāṣu'' 'enclosure (for cattle)';
= ''tarbāṣu,'' 'enclosure (for cattle)';


variant designations:
variant designations:
Line 14: Line 12:
* <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>2</sub>.TUR<sub>3</sub>.RA,
* <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>2</sub>.TUR<sub>3</sub>.RA,
* <sup>mul</sup>E.TU.RA.ME,
* <sup>mul</sup>E.TU.RA.ME,
* <sup>mul</sup>E.TU.RA.AM.MA/MI; = <sup>mul</sup>''eturammi'' 'Eturammi star' [BPO 2, 11; G. 130, 131].
* <sup>mul</sup>E.TU.RA.AM.MA/MI;
* = <sup>mul</sup>''eturammi'' 'Eturammi star' [BPO 2, 11; G. 130, 131].
The surviving Sumerian also allows for readings with the genetive MUL e<sub>2</sub>-tu-ra, the Star(s) of the  Enclosure, and plural MUL e<sub>2</sub>.-tu-ra-ME 'the stars of the enclosure'.


===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
Line 28: Line 28:
** "Enclosure = Messenger of Anunitu", [<sup>mul</sup>e-tu-r]a<sup>?</sup>-am-me = <sup>mul</sup>ur.gu.la "Eturammi? = Lion."
** "Enclosure = Messenger of Anunitu", [<sup>mul</sup>e-tu-r]a<sup>?</sup>-am-me = <sup>mul</sup>ur.gu.la "Eturammi? = Lion."
** [Cavigneaux 1979, 134, 17:19-20; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 110:313ʹ], see also [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7].
** [Cavigneaux 1979, 134, 17:19-20; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 110:313ʹ], see also [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7].
|These restaurations of the text are not secure.
|Example
|-
|-
|EAE.
|EAE.
Line 37: Line 37:
** "The Enclosure (refers to) DIM<sub>2</sub>.MA.AN. NA / that is, to the whole heavens, (because) dim<sub>2</sub> (means) "to[tality," (besides) dim<sub>2</sub> = banû "to create"], (therefore) it is called "for the creatures? of heaven."" [BPO 2, III 22-22a; Koch 1989, 121].
** "The Enclosure (refers to) DIM<sub>2</sub>.MA.AN. NA / that is, to the whole heavens, (because) dim<sub>2</sub> (means) "to[tality," (besides) dim<sub>2</sub> = banû "to create"], (therefore) it is called "for the creatures? of heaven."" [BPO 2, III 22-22a; Koch 1989, 121].
* (3) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>2</sub>.TUR<sub>3</sub>.RA.ME SUKKAL <sup>mul</sup>A-nu-ni-tu<sub>4</sub> ana <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA TE / ina MU BI ina TIL MU LUGAL UŠ<sub>2</sub> BURU<sub>14</sub> nap-ša<sub>2</sub> KUR GU<sub>7</sub> BURU<sub>14</sub> ŠE u ŠE.GIŠ. I<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>
* (3) DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>E<sub>2</sub>.TUR<sub>3</sub>.RA.ME SUKKAL <sup>mul</sup>A-nu-ni-tu<sub>4</sub> ana <sup>mul</sup>ŠU.PA TE / ina MU BI ina TIL MU LUGAL UŠ<sub>2</sub> BURU<sub>14</sub> nap-ša<sub>2</sub> KUR GU<sub>7</sub> BURU<sub>14</sub> ŠE u ŠE.GIŠ. I<sub>3</sub> GAL<sub>2</sub>
** "If Eturamme, the messenger of Anunit, approaches towards Shupe, this year (at the end of the year) the king will die; the country will have a harvest of plenty; a harvest of bread and sesame" [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7].
** "If Eturamme, the messenger of Anunitu, approaches towards Shupe, this year (at the end of the year) the king will die; the country will have a harvest of plenty; a harvest of bread and sesame" [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7].
|Here we are not sure how to read the text
|Example

* (1)

* (2) can be read as genetive or plural, leading to the interpretation of an all sky-constellation

* (3)
|-
|-
|"The Great Star List and Miscellenia."
|"The Great Star List and Miscellenia."


* <sup>mul</sup>e-tu<sup>!</sup>-ram-mi = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ur.gu.la) "Eturammi = Lion." [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:137].
* <sup>mul</sup>e-tu<sup>!</sup>-ram-mi = <sup>mul</sup>min(=ur.gu.la)
* "Eturammi = Lion." [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:137].
|
|In this case, the identification seems to be the constellation [[Leo]], [[UR.GU.LA]]
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 09:08, 22 April 2025


Babylonian name means "Enclosure" and designates a star or constellation in Leo. Other ideas may have been held by other ancient scholars as well: The exact sense of the various renderings of the terms with e2.tur.ra range from identifications with 'The Lion' constellation to the closest sense of what might be a full-sky constellation in cuneiform. EAE (2) equates mulE2.TUR3.RA with the entire sky, based on a view of the stars as cattle in their enclosure: this enclosure being the entire sky, wild cattle being the planets, and domesticated cattle being the fixed-stars (Horowitz 2010,[1] Rochberg 2010[2]). 

Dictionary

= tarbāṣu, 'enclosure (for cattle)';

variant designations:

  • mulE2.TUR3.RA,
  • mulE.TU.RA.ME,
  • mulE.TU.RA.AM.MA/MI;
  • = muleturammi 'Eturammi star' [BPO 2, 11; G. 130, 131].

The surviving Sumerian also allows for readings with the genetive MUL e2-tu-ra, the Star(s) of the  Enclosure, and plural MUL e2.-tu-ra-ME 'the stars of the enclosure'.

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts

Urra XXII series:

  • [mule-TU-r]a-am-me = sukkal da-nu-ni-tum
    • "Enclosure = Messenger of Anunitu", [mule-tu-r]a?-am-me = mulur.gu.la "Eturammi? = Lion."
    • [Cavigneaux 1979, 134, 17:19-20; Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 110:313ʹ], see also [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7].
 These restaurations of the text are not secure.
EAE.
  • (1) mulE2.TUR3 NAM ar-ku: pa-ar-ku E2.TUR3
    • "The star of the Enclosure along (moves), (which corresponds to) lying across the enclosure" [BPO 2, III 21; Koch 1989, 120-121].
  • (2) mulE2.TUR3.RA DIM2.MA.AN.NA [DUG4.GA?] / a-na nap-ḫar AN-e DIM2: na[p-ḫa-ru (DIM2 = banû )] a-na bi-nu-ut AN-e i-qab-bi
    • "The Enclosure (refers to) DIM2.MA.AN. NA / that is, to the whole heavens, (because) dim2 (means) "to[tality," (besides) dim2 = banû "to create"], (therefore) it is called "for the creatures? of heaven."" [BPO 2, III 22-22a; Koch 1989, 121].
  • (3) DIŠ mulE2.TUR3.RA.ME SUKKAL mulA-nu-ni-tu4 ana mulŠU.PA TE / ina MU BI ina TIL MU LUGAL UŠ2 BURU14 nap-ša2 KUR GU7 BURU14 ŠE u ŠE.GIŠ. I3 GAL2
    • "If Eturamme, the messenger of Anunitu, approaches towards Shupe, this year (at the end of the year) the king will die; the country will have a harvest of plenty; a harvest of bread and sesame" [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7].
 Here we are not sure how to read the text
  • (1)
  • (2) can be read as genetive or plural, leading to the interpretation of an all sky-constellation
  • (3)
"The Great Star List and Miscellenia."
  • mule-tu!-ram-mi = mulmin(=ur.gu.la)
  • "Eturammi = Lion." [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:137].
 In this case, the identification seems to be the constellation Leo, UR.GU.LA

Additional

II. Deity.

In astrological and lexical texts Eturammi is associated with the goddess Anunitu. In the AN series: dAnum (V 202): [dE]-tu-ra-am-mi = sukkal dBi-i-ir-du.ke4 "Eturammi is a messenger of Birdu". [Litke 1998, 187]; dBi.ir.du (= dBinibu) is one of the names of Nergal [Tallqvist 1938, 277; Litke 1998,185, note 191].

III. Identification.

According to [BPO 2, 11] the given names refer to one luminary whose identification is not clear. Gössmann treats mulE2.TUR.RA and mulE2.TU.RA.ME as two different luminaries without providing any reasoning [G. 130, 131]. muleturammi in the "Great Star List and Miscellenia" may be considered as being an integral part of the constellation UR.GU.LA "Lion" [Mesop.Astrol., 193, notes]. In the prediction [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7] mulE.TU.RA.ME moves relative to fixed stars, which makes its identification with a planet (Venus, Mars?) probable. See (Kurtik t10) TUR3 also in this connection. According to Koch, multarbāṣu — is the Sun, the rising point that which moves throughout the year relative to the area of the horizon, which had the mythological name E2.TUR3 [Koch 1989, 123], see also [BPO 2, III 24b].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022) Gössmann (1950)
= tarbāṣu «Загон (для скота)»; вар. обозначения: mulE2.TUR3.RA, mulE.TU.RA.ME, mulE.TU.RA.AM.MA/MI; = muleturammi «Звезда Этурамми» [BPO 2, 11; G. 130, 131]. Example
I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. Серия Urra XXII: [mule-TU-r]a-am-me = sukkal da-nu-ni-tum «Загон = Посланник Ануниту», [mule-tu-r]a?-am-me = mulur.gu.la «Этурамми? = Лев» [Cavigneaux 1979, 134, 17:19–20; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 110:313ʹ], см. также [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7]. EAE. (1) mulE2.TUR3 NAM ar-ku: pa-ar-ku E2.TUR3 «Звезда Загон вдоль (движется), (что соответствует) лежащему поперек загону» [BPO 2, III 21; Koch 1989, 120–121]. (2) mulE2.TUR3.RA DIM2.MA.AN.NA [DUG4.GA?] / a-na nap-ḫar AN-e DIM2 : na[p-ḫa-ru (DIM2 = banû )] a-na bi-nu-ut AN-e i-qab-bi «Загон (относится к) DIM2.MA.AN.NA / то есть ко всему небу, (потому что) dim2 (означает) “сово[купность”, (кроме того) dim2 = banû “создавать”], (поэтому) это названо “для созданий? неба”« [BPO 2, III 22–22a; Koch 1989, 121]. (3) DIŠ mulE2.TUR3.RA.ME SUKKAL mulA-nu-ni-tu4 ana mulŠU.PA TE / ina MU BI ina TIL MU LUGAL UŠ2 BURU14 nap-ša2 KUR GU7 BURU14 ŠE u ŠE.GIŠ.I3 GAL2 «Если Этурамме, посланник Ануниту, к Шупе приближается, в этом году (в конце года) царь умрет; страна будет есть урожай вдоволь; урожай хлеба и сезама» [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7]. «Большой список звезд». mule-tu!-ram-mi = mulmin(=ur.gu.la) «Этурамми = Лев» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:137].

II. Божество.

В астрологических и лексических текстах Этурамми связано с богиней Ануниту. В серии AN : dAnum (V 202): [dE]-tu-ra-am-mi = sukkal dBi-i-ir-du.ke4 «Этурамми — посланник Бирду» [Litke 1998, 187]; dBi.ir.du (= dBinibu) — одно из имен Нергала [Tallqvist 1938, 277; Litke 1998,185, note 191].

III. Отождествление.

Согласно [BPO 2, 11], приведенные варианты названия относятся к одному светилу, отождествление которого неясно. Гёсман трактует mulE2.TUR.RA и mulE2.TU.RA.ME как два разных светила, не аргументируя [G. 130, 131]. muleturammi в «Большом спиcке звезд» может обозначать часть созвездия UR.GU.LA «Лев» [Mesop.Astrol., 193, notes]. В предсказании [ACh Suppl. 2, 78 i 7] mulE.TU.RA.ME движется относительно неподвижных звезд, что делает вероятным его отождествление с планетой (Венерой, Марсом?). См. в этой связи также t10TUR3. Согласно Коху, multarbāṣu — это Солнце, точка восхода которого перемещается на протяжении года относительно участка горизонта, имевшего мифологическое название E2.TUR3 [Koch 1989, 123], см.  также [BPO 2, III 24b].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Horowitz  W.  2010:  “Stars,  Cows,  Semicircles  and  Domes:  Astronomical  Creation  Myths  and  the Mathematical  Universe,”  in  W. Horowitz,  U.  Gabbay,  and  F.  Vukosavoviæ,  eds.,  A  Woman  of  Valor: Jerusalem Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Joan Goodnik W estenholz: 263-285.
  2. ↑ Francesca Rochberg (2010). SHEEP AND CATTLE, COWS AND CALVES: THE SUMERO-AKKADIAN ASTRAL GODS AS LIVESTOCK In: Opening the Tablet Box, Brill, 347–359 https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004186569/B9789004186569-s022.xml
Retrieved from "https://xing.fmi.uni-jena.de/mediawiki/index.php?title=E2.TUR3&oldid=26910"