GIBIL6: Difference between revisions
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub>}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:<sup>mul</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub>, ''Girra''}} |
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[[File:OldMan+h+chiPer stellarium+myFoto.jpg|thumb|The Mesopotamian constellation of The Old Man, Enmesharra, with a photograph of the double star cluster h and chi Per. Painting by Jessica Gullberg, photograph and composition of the images by Susanne M Hoffmann (2025).]] |
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The astral manifestation of the Sumero-Akkadian fire-god Girra. In Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night, Girra is an independent constellation which may also be the case in the contemporary myth 'Girra and Elamatum' when complete. Later, Girra becomes identified with Mars because of the planet's fiery red-orange color (see Horowitz 2020: 142-143) |
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<sup>mul</sup>GIBIL<sub>6</sub> is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism likely referring to the double star cluster h and χ Per. |
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==Dictionary== |
==Dictionary== |
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Var. readings: |
Var. readings: |
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* <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI, <sup>d</sup>NE.GI; = <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR; = <sup>d</sup>''Girru'', fire god |
* 1) <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI, <sup>d</sup>NE.GI (GIBIL<sub>6</sub>); = <sup>d</sup>GIŠ.BAR; = <sup>d</sup>''Girru'', Sumero-Akkadian fire god, Girra. |
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* 2) epithet of Mars, see also (Kurtik g13) [[GIŠ.BAR]]. |
* 2) epithet of Mars, see also (Kurtik g13) [[GIŠ.BAR]]. |
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Old Babylonian prayer: |
Old Babylonian prayer: |
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* (a) Erm. 15642: ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL |
* (a) Erm. 15642: ''na-wa-ru-um'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Girra." [Horowitz 2000, 196-197:15], and also [Shileiko 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306], |
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* (b). AO 6769: ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL |
* (b). AO 6769: ''nam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI "Brilliant Girra." [Dossin 1935, 181-182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60], |
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* (c) CBS 574: ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>GIB[IL<sub>6</sub>] "Fierce |
* (c) CBS 574: ''šam-ru'' <sup>d</sup>GIB[IL<sub>6</sub>] "Fierce Gir[ra]" [Horowitz-Wasserman 1996, 58:13]. |
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|Seleucid temple ritual. |
|Seleucid temple ritual. |
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* <sup>múl</sup>AN <sup>d</sup>BIL |
* <sup>múl</sup>AN <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI ''ez-zu''... "Mars, the wrathful Girra ..." [RAcc 138, 153:308; Linssen 2004, 220:308]. |
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* W. 22281a. |
* W. 22281a. |
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** <sup>d</sup>BIL |
** <sup>d</sup>BIL.GI ZALAG<sub>2</sub> ''ša''<sub>2</sub> IGI <sup>d</sup>''En-me-šar''<sub>2</sub>''-ra'' "The brilliant (fiery) Girra before Enmesharra" [SpTU I, 95:10ʹ]; for full text see (Kurtik h12) [[ḪUN.GA2|<sup>lú</sup>ḪUN.GA<sub>2</sub>]]. |
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* List K 7069: |
* List K 7069: |
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** <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.R[A ...] / <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.RA[...] / MUL.MUL ''za-ap-pu'' [...] / <sup>mul</sup>BIL.GI IZI. GAR [...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>ŠUDUN M[UL...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' [...] |
** <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.R[A ...] / <sup>d</sup>EN.ME.ŠAR.RA[...] / MUL.MUL ''za-ap-pu'' [...] / <sup>mul</sup>BIL.GI IZI. GAR [...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>ŠUDUN M[UL...] / <sup>[m]ul</sup>''ka-li-tum'' [...] |
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** "Enmesharr[a...] / Enmesharra [...] / Stars, Stubble / |
** "Enmesharr[a...] / Enmesharra [...] / Stars, Stubble / Girra, light [...] / Yoke, S[tar...] / Kidney [...]" [CT 26, 49:4-9; Cooley 2013, 126] |
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* Mars |
* Mars |
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* double star cluster h+χ Per |
* double star cluster h+χ Per |
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*double star cluster h+χ Per |
*double star cluster h+χ Per |
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|} Cooley 2013: 126-129 discusses the astronomical myth 'Girra and Elamatum,' and what must be the related commentary of some sort K. 7609. |
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==Historical Dictionaries== |
==Historical Dictionaries== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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Latest revision as of 12:32, 25 April 2025
The astral manifestation of the Sumero-Akkadian fire-god Girra. In Old Babylonian Prayers to the Gods of the Night, Girra is an independent constellation which may also be the case in the contemporary myth 'Girra and Elamatum' when complete. Later, Girra becomes identified with Mars because of the planet's fiery red-orange color (see Horowitz 2020: 142-143)
Dictionary
Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim
Var. readings:
- 1) dBIL.GI, dNE.GI (GIBIL6); = dGIŠ.BAR; = dGirru, Sumero-Akkadian fire god, Girra.
- 2) epithet of Mars, see also (Kurtik g13) GIŠ.BAR.
| Sources | Identifications |
|---|---|
| "Prayers to the Gods of the Night."
Old Babylonian prayer:
|
constellation |
Seleucid temple ritual.
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Cooley 2013: 126-129 discusses the astronomical myth 'Girra and Elamatum,' and what must be the related commentary of some sort K. 7609.
Historical Dictionaries
| Kurtik (2022, g13) | Gössmann (1950) |
|---|---|
| вар. чтения: dBIL.GI, dNE.GI; = dGIŠ.BAR; = dGirru, бог огня Гирру/Гирра; 1) звезда или созвездие, 2) эпитет Марса, см. также g13GIŠ.BAR.
I. Источники. «Молитвы ночным богам». Старовавилонская молитва: а) Erm. 15642: na-wa-ru-um dBIL:GI «Блестящий Гирра» [Horowitz 2000, 196–197:15], а также [Шилейко 1924, 147; Dossin 1935, 180; von Soden 1936, 306], b). AO 6769: nam-ru dBIL:GI «Блестящий Гирра» [Dossin 1935, 181–182:16; Horowitz 1996, 60], c) CBS 574: šam-ru dGIB[IL6] «Свирепый Гир[ра]» [Horowitz–Wasserman 1996, 58:13]. Селевкидский храмовый ритуал. múlAN dBIL:GI ez-zu… «Марс, гневный Гирра …» [RAcc 138, 153:308; Linssen 2004, 220:308]. W. 22281a. dBIL:GI ZALAG2 ša2 IGI dEn-me-šar2-ra «Блестящий (огненный) Гирра перед Энмешаррой» [SpTU I, 95:10ʹ]; полный текст см. h12lúḪUN.GA2. Список K 7069: dEN.ME.ŠAR.R[A …] / dEN.ME.ŠAR.RA[…] / MUL.MUL za-ap-pu […] / mulBIL.GI IZI.GAR […] / [m]ulŠUDUN M[UL…] / [m]ulka-li-tum […] «Энмешарр[а …] / Энмешарра […] / Звезды, Щетина / Гирра, свет […] / Ярмо, З[везда…] / Почка […]» [CT 26, 49:4–9; Cooley 2013, 126] Отождествление Гирры с созвездием Небесный Бык см. [Cooley 2013, 126–129]. |
Example |
