ḪUL

^mulḪUL is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Mars is a planet of our solar system and visible to the naked eye. Its motion occurs in loops which are easily observable as he is the fastest of the looping planets.

Images of Mars

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  Close Conjunction of Jupiter (brighter) and Mars (reddish) under Orion (upper right), seen from Cape Town (SMH 2024)

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  Closest Conjunction of Jupiter and Mars in 2024 (Cape Town, SMH).

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  Jupiter, Mars and Pleiades at Dawn (SMH 2024).

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  Jupiter, Mars, Pleiaden in a slightly cloudy morning twilight (SMH 2024).

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  Mars in the constellation Gemini, The Twins (SMH January 2025).

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  Mars in the constellation Gemini, The Twins (SMH February 2025).

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  Mars extremly close to epsilon Geminorum (14 April 2023), seen from Petra, Jordan (SMH).

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  One day after the close conjunction of Mars with epsilon Geminorum; seen from Petra, Jordan (SMH 2023). The planet then had a visible separation from the star.

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  Mars in the Open Star Cluster Praesepe (M44) in Cancer (2023)

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  Mars next to a tower in Central Europe: its reddish colour is extraordinarily obvious (SMH 2025).

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  Mars two moon widths next to the Moon, photograph at full moon taken through a window in order to produce a dimmer image of the full moon next to Mars: the planet is at the right edge of the Moon. (SMH January 2025).

Dictionary

= ^mulLumnu "Evil (star)"; an epithet of Mars and Mercury(?) [AHw, 563-4; CAD L, 250; G. 187; Reynolds 1998].

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sources	Identifications
Lexical texts. Series Ḫg. B VI: mulḫul = lum-num2 = MIN(=dṣal-[bat-a-nu]) "Evil (star) = Evil = ditto(= Mars)." [MSL XI, 40:30].	Example
EAE. See. [Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 37′].
"The Great Star List and Miscellenia". (1) List of names of Mars: mulḫul = dmin(dṣal-bat-a-nu), mullu-um-nu = dmin (dṣal-bat-a-nu) "evil (star) = ditto(Mars)". (2) 7 names of Mars (7 zik-ru-šu): ulḫul "Evil (star)". [Mesop.Astrol., App.B: 92, 98, 238].

Additional

II. Astrology.

         (1) Evil star = Mars or Mercury (?); DIŠ ad-riš TU ^mulḪUL: ^dṣal-bat-a-nu: ^dUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD-ma MAŠ₂.ANŠE [...] "If the Evil (star) sets into darkness, (it means) Mars (or?) Mercury: cattle [...]". [ACh Šamaš, 13:23], see also [Reynolds 1998, 351].

         (2) Evil star and Jupiter; BE ^<mul>lu-um-nu ina IGI ^dŠul-pa-e₃ SU.GU₇ [...] "If the Evil (star) (stands) ahead of Shulpae: famine [...] [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:5]; BE ^<mul>lu-um-nu EGIR ^dŠul-pa-e₃ MU BI DAM-šu [...] "If the Evil (star) (stands) behind Shulpae: this year his wife [...] [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:6].

         (3) Red Star = Evil Star = Mars; DIŠ ^mulsa₅ ^mulṣal-bat-a-nu: ^mullum-nu mul [ṣal]-[bat-a-nu ...] "Red Star, Mars = Evil (star), M[ars ...] [Borger 1973, 41 r. 37′].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, h08)

Gössmann (1950)

= mulLumnu «Злая (звезда)»; эпитет Марса и Меркурия(?) [AHw, 563–4; CAD L, 250; G. 187; Reynolds 1998]. I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. Серия Ḫg. B VI: mulḫul = lum-num2 = MIN(=dṣal-[bat-a-nu]) «Злая (звезда) = Злой = ditto(= Марс)» [MSL XI, 40:30]. EAE. См. [Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 37′]. «Большой список звезд». (1) Список имен Марса: mulḫul = dmin(dṣal-bat-a-nu), mullu-um-nu = dmin (dṣal-bat-a-nu) «Злая (звезда) = ditto(Марс)». (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ru-šu):  ulḫul «Злая (звезда)» [Mesop.Astrol., App.B: 92, 98, 238]. II. Астрология. (1) Злая звезда = Марс или Меркурий (?); DIŠ ad-riš TU mulḪUL : dṣal-bat-a-nu : dUDU.IDIM.GU4.UD-ma MAŠ2.ANŠE […] «Если Злая (звезда) заходит темной, (это означает)  Марс (или?) Меркурий: скот […]» [ACh Šamaš, 13:23], см. также [Reynolds 1998, 351]. (2) Злая звезда и Юпитер; BE <mul>lu-um-nu ina IGI dŠul-pa-e3 SU.GU7 […] «Если Злая (звезда) впереди Шульпаэ (стоит): голод […] [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:5]; BE <mul>lu-um-nu EGIR dŠul-pa-e3 MU BI DAM-šu […] «Если Злая (звезда) позади Шульпаэ (стоит): в этом году его жена […] [ACh Suppl. 2, 78:6]. (3) Красная звезда = Злая звезда = Марс; DIŠ mulsa5 mulṣal-bat-a-nu : mullum-nu mul [ṣal]-[bat-a-nu …] «Красная звезда, Марс = Злая (звезда), М[арс …] [Borger 1973, 41 r. 37′].

Example

References

• Kurtik's references