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<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.KUN is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
<sup>mul</sup>GIŠ.KUN is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in [[Leo]].


==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
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|'''List of ziqpu-stars.'''
|'''List of ziqpu-stars.'''
* (1) AO 6478:
* (1) AO 6478:
** a) 3 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=šuqultu) | ⅔ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 36 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN(=ina šamê) | TA MUL 4 ša<sub>2</sub> GABA-šu<sub>2</sub> | EN MUL 2 ša<sub>2</sub> GIŠ. KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> "3⅓ min. weight, 200 on earth, 36,000 miles in the sky / From 4 stars on its (Lion's) Chest to 2 stars on its Thighs",
** a) 3 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=''šuqultu'') | ⅔ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN(= ''ina qaqqari'') | 36 IGI DANNA ''ina'' KI.MIN(=''ina šamê'') | TA MUL 4 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GABA-''šu''<sub>2</sub> | EN MUL 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ. KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "3⅓ min. weight, 200 on earth, 36,000 miles in the sky / From 4 stars on its (Lion's) Chest to 2 stars on its Thighs",
** b) 1⅔ MA. NA MIN | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 18 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN | TA MUL 2 ša<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> | EN MUL DILI ša<sub>2</sub> KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> "1⅔ min weight, 100 on earth, 18000 miles in the sky / From 2 stars on its thigh to a separate star on its tail" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 217:15-18; TU, 21 r. 15-18; HBA, 133; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].
** b) 1⅔ MA.NA MIN | 10 UŠ ''i-na'' KI.MIN | 18 IGI DANNA ''ina'' KI.MIN | TA MUL 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> | EN MUL DILI ''ša''<sub>2</sub> KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "1⅔ min weight, 100 on earth, 18000 miles in the sky / From 2 stars on its thigh to a separate star on its tail" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 217:15-18; TU, 21 r. 15-18; HBA, 133; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].
* (2) VAT 16437: ⅔ DANNA a-na 2 ša2 <sup>mul</sup>ra-pa-a[š-ti] "200 to 2 (stars) on thi[gh]" [Schaumberger 1952, 225:17].
* (2) VAT 16437: ⅔ DANNA ''a-na'' 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>''ra-pa-a''[''š-ti''] "200 to 2 (stars) on thi[gh]" [Schaumberger 1952, 225:17].
* (3) VAT 16436: MUL<sub>2</sub> 2 ša<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> // 2 // 21 IGI 6 ME KUŠ "2 stars on its thigh // 2 (stars) // 21600 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-7:14].
* (3) VAT 16436: MUL<sub>2</sub> 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> // 2 // 21 IGI 6 ME KUŠ "2 stars on its thigh // 2 (stars) // 21600 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-7:14].
* (4) BM 38369+:
* (4) BM 38369+:
** a) TA GABA ša <sup>[m]ul</sup>UR.GU.[LA] / EN 2 MUL.M[EŠ š]a ra-pal-ti-šu<sub>2</sub>[...] "From Lion[s] chest to 2 stars on his hip [...]",
** a) TA GABA ''ša'' <sup>[m]ul</sup>UR.GU.[LA] / EN 2 MUL.M[EŠ ''š'']''a ra-pal-ti-šu''<sub>2</sub>[...] "From Lion[s] chest to 2 stars on his hip [...]",
** b) TA 2 M[UL. ME]Š ša ra-pal-t[i-šu<sub>2</sub>] / ˹EN˺ [is-ḫu-u]n-na-at KUN-šu ½ D[ANNA] "From 2 stars on his hip, to the brush of his tail ½ m[or] (=150)" [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:14-17].
** b) TA 2 M[UL. ME]Š ''ša ra-pal-t''[''i-šu''<sub>2</sub>] / ˹EN˺ [''is-ḫu-u'']''n-na-at'' KUN-''šu'' ½ D[ANNA] "From 2 stars on his hip, to the brush of his tail ½ m[or] (=150)" [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:14-17].
* (5) Nippur Planisphere:
* (5) Nippur Planisphere:
** a) [⅔ DAN]NA ana 2 ša<sub>2</sub> MUL <<2 ša<sub>2</sub>>> GIŠ.[KUN]-šu<sub>2</sub> "[⅔ mi]li (200) to two stars on his thigh" (rev. 22),
** a) [⅔ DAN]NA ''ana'' 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> MUL <<2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub>>> GIŠ.[KUN]-''šu''<sub>2</sub> "[⅔ mi]li (200) to two stars on his thigh" (rev. 22),
** b) 2 ša<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.˹KUN<sup>!</sup> šu<sub>2</sub>˺ "two (stars) on its thigh," the diagram shows 2 points (obv., Segment 3) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 172-173:22, 177-179]. See also LBAT 1502: 2 ša<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> ana ziq-p[i...] "2 (stars) on its thighs culminate" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76:3].
** b) 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.˹KUN<sup>!</sup> ''šu''<sub>2</sub>˺ "two (stars) on its thigh," the diagram shows 2 points (obv., Segment 3) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 172-173:22, 177-179]. See also LBAT 1502: 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana ziq''-''p''[''i''...] "2 (stars) on its thighs culminate" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76:3].
* Anaphora. A 3427: 2 ša<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> (in determining the rising times of the twelfth section of the zodiac sign Scorpius) [Schaumberger 1955, 238-239:9-10].
* Anaphora. A 3427: 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> (in determining the rising times of the twelfth section of the zodiac sign Scorpius) [Schaumberger 1955, 238-239:9-10].
|Example
|Example
|-
|-
|'''GU text.'''
|'''GU text.'''
(I) 2 ˹mul˺.meš ša<sub>2</sub> giš.kun "2 stars on the thigh of Leo" (ziqpu XXIII: δ, θ Leo) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:14], see u17[[UR.A]].
(I) 2 ˹mul˺.meš ša<sub>2</sub> giš.kun "2 stars on the thigh of Leo" (ziqpu XXIII: δ, θ Leo) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:14], see (Kurtik u17) [[UR.A]].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
|'''Dalbanna-text.'''
§О. [...giš.kun ur.gu.la]? "[...thigh of the Lion]" (θ Leo), see m18MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR.
§О. [...giš.kun ur.gu.la]<sup>?</sup> "[...thigh of the Lion]" (θ Leo), see (Kurtik m18) [[MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR]].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts".'''
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts".'''
As a "normal star" GIŠ.KUN UR.A/A "Leo's Thigh" (= θ Leonis) was regularly used in "diaries" to record the positions of the moon and planets [AD I-III, passim]; the earliest example: dele-bat ina ŠU<sub>2</sub> ana tar-ṣa GIŠ.KUN UR.[A...] "Venus was on the west side, opposite Leo's Thigh" [AD I, -567:13].
As a "normal star" GIŠ.KUN UR.A/A "Leo's Thigh" (= θ Leonis) was regularly used in "diaries" to record the positions of the moon and planets [AD I-III, passim]; the earliest example: ''dele-bat ina'' ŠU<sub>2</sub> ''ana tar-ṣa'' GIŠ.KUN UR.[A...] "Venus was on the west side, opposite Leo's Thigh" [AD I, -567:13].
|
|
|-
|-
|'''Late Astrology.'''
|'''Late Astrology.'''
W 23313/3: DIŠ KI MUL 2 ša<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> U<sub>3</sub>.TU UŠ<sub>2</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> [...] "If he is born when 2 stars (culminate) on the thighs of it (= Leo): his death [...]" [SpTU V, 265:6']. See also U.197 obv. 2': múl 2 ša<sub>2</sub> rap-pa-a[š<sub>2</sub><sup>(?)</sup>-ti-šu<sub>2</sub>] [Sachs 1952, 74]. Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083. gi[š].kun [...] 20(?) a(?) "Lower Back(??) [of the Lion ...]: 20(?) the Lion(?)" (θ Leonis) [Sachs 1952a, 146:1′; ASM, 149-150]. In modern editions of BM 46083: GIŠ.KUN [...] x 22 "The sacrum [of the Lion...] 22." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004, 563-564].
W 23313/3: DIŠ KI MUL 2 ''ša''<sub>2</sub> GIŠ.KUN-''šu''<sub>2</sub> U<sub>3</sub>.TU UŠ<sub>2</sub>-''šu''<sub>2</sub> [...] "If he is born when 2 stars (culminate) on the thighs of it (= Leo): his death [...]" [SpTU V, 265:6']. See also U.197 obv. 2': múl 2 ša<sub>2</sub> ''rap-pa-a''[''š''<sub>2</sub><sup>(?)</sup>-''ti-šu''<sub>2</sub>] [Sachs 1952, 74]. 
|
|-
|'''Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.'''
* gi[š].kun [...] 20(?) a(?) "Lower Back(??) [of the Lion ...]: 20(?) the Lion(?)" (θ Leonis) [Sachs 1952a, 146:1′; ASM, 149-150].

In modern editions of BM 46083: GIŠ.KUN [...] x 22 "The sacrum [of the Lion...] 22." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004, 563-564].
|
|
|}
|}


=== Additional ===
=== Additional ===
⚫
          '''II. Identification.'''


⚫
==== II. Identification. ====
          = δ Leonis [G. 163, IV 4],
          = δ Leonis [G. 163, IV 4],


Latest revision as of 10:04, 11 April 2025

mulGIŠ.KUN is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism in Leo.

Dictionary

= rapaštu "Thigh"(?)1;

  • 1) = ziqpu XXIII, a group of stars in the constellation Leo (Leo),
  • 2) was among the "normal stars" (= θ Leonis) [AD I, 18; AHw, 955a; CAD R, 154a; G. 163, IV 4].

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sources Identifications
List of ziqpu-stars.
  • (1) AO 6478:
    • a) 3 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=šuqultu) | ⅔ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 36 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN(=ina šamê) | TA MUL 4 ša2 GABA-šu2 | EN MUL 2 ša2 GIŠ. KUN-šu2 "3⅓ min. weight, 200 on earth, 36,000 miles in the sky / From 4 stars on its (Lion's) Chest to 2 stars on its Thighs",
    • b) 1⅔ MA.NA MIN | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 18 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN | TA MUL 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 | EN MUL DILI ša2 KUN-šu2 "1⅔ min weight, 100 on earth, 18000 miles in the sky / From 2 stars on its thigh to a separate star on its tail" [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 217:15-18; TU, 21 r. 15-18; HBA, 133; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229].
  • (2) VAT 16437: ⅔ DANNA a-na 2 ša2 mulra-pa-a[š-ti] "200 to 2 (stars) on thi[gh]" [Schaumberger 1952, 225:17].
  • (3) VAT 16436: MUL2 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 // 2 // 21 IGI 6 ME KUŠ "2 stars on its thigh // 2 (stars) // 21600 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-7:14].
  • (4) BM 38369+:
    • a) TA GABA ša [m]ulUR.GU.[LA] / EN 2 MUL.M[EŠ š]a ra-pal-ti-šu2[...] "From Lion[s] chest to 2 stars on his hip [...]",
    • b) TA 2 M[UL. ME]Š ša ra-pal-t[i-šu2] / ˹EN˺ [is-ḫu-u]n-na-at KUN-šu ½ D[ANNA] "From 2 stars on his hip, to the brush of his tail ½ m[or] (=150)" [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:14-17].
  • (5) Nippur Planisphere:
    • a) [⅔ DAN]NA ana 2 ša2 MUL <<2 ša2>> GIŠ.[KUN]-šu2 "[⅔ mi]li (200) to two stars on his thigh" (rev. 22),
    • b) 2 ša2 GIŠ.˹KUN! šu2˺ "two (stars) on its thigh," the diagram shows 2 points (obv., Segment 3) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 172-173:22, 177-179]. See also LBAT 1502: 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 ana ziq-p[i...] "2 (stars) on its thighs culminate" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76:3].
  • Anaphora. A 3427: 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 (in determining the rising times of the twelfth section of the zodiac sign Scorpius) [Schaumberger 1955, 238-239:9-10].
 Example
GU text.

(I) 2 ˹mul˺.meš ša2 giš.kun "2 stars on the thigh of Leo" (ziqpu XXIII: δ, θ Leo) [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:14], see (Kurtik u17) UR.A.

Dalbanna-text.

§О. [...giš.kun ur.gu.la]? "[...thigh of the Lion]" (θ Leo), see (Kurtik m18) MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR.

"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts".

As a "normal star" GIŠ.KUN UR.A/A "Leo's Thigh" (= θ Leonis) was regularly used in "diaries" to record the positions of the moon and planets [AD I-III, passim]; the earliest example: dele-bat ina ŠU2 ana tar-ṣa GIŠ.KUN UR.[A...] "Venus was on the west side, opposite Leo's Thigh" [AD I, -567:13].

Late Astrology.

W 23313/3: DIŠ KI MUL 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 U3.TU UŠ2-šu2 [...] "If he is born when 2 stars (culminate) on the thighs of it (= Leo): his death [...]" [SpTU V, 265:6']. See also U.197 obv. 2': múl 2 ša2 rap-pa-a[š2(?)-ti-šu2] [Sachs 1952, 74]. 

Late Babylonian catalog BM 46083.
  • gi[š].kun [...] 20(?) a(?) "Lower Back(??) [of the Lion ...]: 20(?) the Lion(?)" (θ Leonis) [Sachs 1952a, 146:1′; ASM, 149-150].

In modern editions of BM 46083: GIŠ.KUN [...] x 22 "The sacrum [of the Lion...] 22." [Roughton-Steele-Walker 2004, 563-564].

Additional

II. Identification.

          = δ Leonis [G. 163, IV 4],

          = δ, θ Leonis [Schaumberger 1952, 222, 229; ASM, 87-88; Pingree-Walker 1988, 320; Koch 1992, 57].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, g23) Gössmann (1950)
= rapaštu «Бедро»(?); 1) = ziqpu XXIII, группа звезд в созвездии Льва (Leo), 2) входила в число «нормальных звезд» (=  θ Leonis) [AD I, 18; AHw, 955a; CAD R, 154a; G. 163, IV 4].

I. Источники.

Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) 3 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN(=šuqultu) | ⅔ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 36 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN(=ina šamê) | TA MUL 4 ša2 GABA-šu2 | EN MUL 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 «3⅓ мины веса, 200 на земле, 36000 миль на небе / От 4 звезд на его (Льва) Груди до 2 звезд на его Бедре»,  b) 1⅔ MA.NA MIN | 10 UŠ i-na KI.MIN | 18 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN | TA MUL 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 | EN MUL DILI ša2 KUN-šu2 «1⅔ мины веса, 100 на земле, 18000 миль на небе / От 2 звезд на его бедре до Отдельной звезды на его хвосте» [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 217:15–18; TU, 21 r. 15–18; HBA, 133; Schaumberger 1952, 228–229]. (2) VAT 16437: ⅔ DANNA a-na 2 ša2 mulra-pa-a[š-ti] «200 до 2 (звезд) на бед[ре]» [Schaumberger 1952, 225:17]. (3) VAT 16436: MUL2 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 // 2 // 21 IGI 6 ME KUŠ «2 звезды на его бедре // 2 (звезды) // 21600 локтей» [Schaumberger 1952, 226–7:14]. (4) BM 38369+: a) TA GABA ša [m]ulUR.GU.[LA] / EN 2 MUL.M[EŠ š]a ra-pal-ti-šu2[…] «От груди Ль[ва] до 2 зве[зд н]а его бедре […]», b) TA 2 M[UL.ME]Š ša ra-pal-t[i-šu2] / ˹EN˺ [is-ḫu-u]n-na-at KUN-šu ½ D[ANNA] «От 2 зв[езд] на его бед[ре], до кисти его хвоста ½ м[или] (=150)» [Horowitz 1994a, 91–92:14–17]. (5) Nippur Planisphere: a) [⅔ DAN]NA ana 2 ša2 MUL <<2 ša2>> GIŠ.[KUN]-šu2 «[⅔ ми]ли (200) до двух звезд на его бедре» (rev. 22), b) 2 ša2 GIŠ.˹KUN!-šu2˺ «две (звезды) на его бедре», на диаграмме изображены 2 точки (obv., Segment 3) [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 172–173:22, 177–179]. См. также LBAT 1502: 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 ana ziq-p[i…] «2 (звезды) на его бедре кульминируют» [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 76:3]. Aнафора. A 3427: 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 (при определении времен восхода двенадцатых частей знака зодиака Скорпион) [Schaumberger 1955, 238–239:9–10]. GU-текст. (I) 2 ˹mul˺.meš ša2 giš.kun «2 звезды на бедре Льва» (ziqpu XXIII: δ, θ Leo) [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:14], см. u17UR.A. Dalbanna-текст. §О. […giš.kun ur.gu.la]? «[…бедро Льва]» (θ Leo), см. m18MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR. «Дневники наблюдений». Как «нормальная звезда» GIŠ.KUN UR.A/A «Бедро Льва» (= θ Leonis) регулярно использовалась в «дневниках» для фиксации положений Луны и планет [AD I–III, passim]; самый ранний пример: dele-bat ina ŠU2 ana tar-ṣa GIŠ.KUN UR.[A…] «Венера была на западе напротив Бедра Льва» [AD I, -567:13]. Поздняя астрология. W 23313/3: DIŠ KI MUL 2 ša2 GIŠ.KUN-šu2 U3.TU UŠ2-šu2 […] «Если он родился, когда 2 звезды на его (= Льва) бедре (кульминируют): его смерть […]» [SpTU V, 265:6']. См. также U.197 obv. 2': múl 2 ša2 rap-pa-a[š2(?)-ti-šu2] [Sachs 1952, 74].  Поздневавилонский каталог BM 46083. gi[š].kun […] 20(?) a(?) «Поясница(??) [Льва …]: 20(?) Льва(?)» (θ Leonis) [Sachs 1952a, 146:1′; ASM, 149–150]. В современном издании BM 46083: GIŠ.KUN […] x 22 «Крестец [Льва…] 22» [Roughton–Steele–Walker 2004, 563–564].

II. Отождествление.

=  δ Leonis [G. 163, IV 4],

= δ, θ Leonis [Schaumberger 1952, 222, 229; ASM, 87–88; Pingree–Walker 1988, 320; Koch 1992, 57].

Example

References

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