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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Alwaid (العَوائِذ)}} |
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Al(a)waid is an Arabic star name. The IAU decided to not include it in the IAU-Catalog of Star Names. |
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Alwaid (also Alawaid) derives from an Arabic star name. This name has sometimes been applied to β (beta) Draconis, but it is not in the IAU Catalog of Star Names because another name, Rastaban, was already approved for this star. |
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== Etymology: Meaning and History == |
== Etymology: Meaning and History == |
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The Classical Arabic word العَوائِذ ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' was the plural form for العائِذ ''al-ʿāʾidh'', which meant a female camel, horse or gazelle that had given birth recently (within the past week or two). The Arabic root means "to seek protection", and so the new mothers were called ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' because their newborn calves or foals sought protection from them. |
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The literal meaning of the Araic name ''al-ʿawāʾidh'', "Camel Mothers", refers to an indigenous Arabic constellation in the area close to the northern pole. The asterism ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' was properly four stars (β (Rastaban), γ (Eltanin), ν (Kuma) and ξ (Grumium)), representing 4 camel mothers who were protecting the young spring camel in the center (''ar-rubʿ'', HIP 86782). |
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As a star name, ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' (the Camel Mothers) was applied to an indigenous Arabian asterism of four stars in the IAU constellation of Draco: β (Rastaban), γ (Eltanin), ν (Kuma) and ξ (Grumium). A very faint star in the middle of this asterism (HIP 86782) was the newborn camel, called الرُبْع ''ar-rubʿ'' in Arabic. |
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== Occurances == |
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Allen's assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included the fifth star ''ar-rāqiṣ'' is one of his many errors. Both Ibn Qutayba and al-Sufi say it was 4 stars, not 5. ''ar-rāqiṣ'' is still a camel, so the idea that it was ambling as it rushed in to aid the Camel Mothers is not implausible; it just wasn't one of the four Mothers. |
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== Occurrences == |
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Allen's assertion that ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ''ar-rāqiṣ'' (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five. |
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== References == |
== References == |
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* Adams, Danielle K. 2018. ''Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order.'' PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona, 92–94. |
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* Adams (xxx) dissertation, pp. 92–94 |
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* Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. ''Star-names and their meanings''. GE Stechert. |
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* Allen 1899 ... |
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* Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. ''Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab).'' Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 148. |
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* Ibn Qutayba 1956, 148; |
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* Lane, Edward William. 1997. ''An Arabic-English Lexicon.'' 8 vols. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 3:1017. |
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* al-Ṣūfī 1981, 41; |
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* al-Marzūqī, Abū ˓Alī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. 1914. ''Kitāb al-azmina wa al-amkina.'' 2 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Kāʾina, 2:374-375. |
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* al-Marzūqī 1914, 2:374-375 |
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* al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. ''Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn.'' Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 41. |
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* Lane 1997, 3:1017 |
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== Modern Star Name Discussion == |
== Modern Star Name Discussion == |
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The name "Alwaid" that is found in the literature of popular astronomy was proposed for the IAU-Catalog of Star Names in 2023. |
The name "Alwaid" that is found in the literature of popular astronomy was proposed for the IAU-Catalog of Star Names in 2023. However, it was not applied to any star, since all four of the stars representing the Arabian asterism ''al-ʿawāʾidh'' (the Camel Mothers) already had IAU-approved modern star names in use. |
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New suggestions (2024): As "Alwaid" was alias for Beta Draconis in several references, perhaps we should use it for β (beta) Draconis B (Gaia EDR3 1415230383034347264)? |
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However, it was not applied to any star. Since all four of the stars representing the Arabic asterism (group of stars) of The Camel Mothers already have modern star names in use, and the Ambling Camel also has its own preserved name, it was decided not to place Alwaid or Alawaid elsewhere in the sky. |
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[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Arabic]] |
[[Category:Constellation]] [[Category:West Asian]] [[Category:Arabic]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:55, 23 June 2024
Alwaid (also Alawaid) derives from an Arabic star name. This name has sometimes been applied to β (beta) Draconis, but it is not in the IAU Catalog of Star Names because another name, Rastaban, was already approved for this star.
Etymology: Meaning and History
The Classical Arabic word العَوائِذ al-ʿawāʾidh was the plural form for العائِذ al-ʿāʾidh, which meant a female camel, horse or gazelle that had given birth recently (within the past week or two). The Arabic root means "to seek protection", and so the new mothers were called al-ʿawāʾidh because their newborn calves or foals sought protection from them.
As a star name, al-ʿawāʾidh (the Camel Mothers) was applied to an indigenous Arabian asterism of four stars in the IAU constellation of Draco: β (Rastaban), γ (Eltanin), ν (Kuma) and ξ (Grumium). A very faint star in the middle of this asterism (HIP 86782) was the newborn camel, called الرُبْع ar-rubʿ in Arabic.
Occurrences
Allen's assertion that al-ʿawāʾidh included a fifth star—μ Draconis (Alrakis) known as ar-rāqiṣ (the Ambling Camel) is one of his many errors, as all early Arabic sources identified the asterism as a group of four stars, not five.
References
- Adams, Danielle K. 2018. Rain Stars Set, Lunar Stations Rise: Multivalent Textures of Pre-Islamic Arabian Astronomy and the Hegemonic Discourse of Order. PhD Dissertation. The University of Arizona, 92–94.
- Allen, Richard Hinckley. 1899. Star-names and their meanings. GE Stechert.
- Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallah b. Muslim. 1956. Kitāb al-anwāʾ (fī mawāsim al-ʿArab). Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyya, 148.
- Lane, Edward William. 1997. An Arabic-English Lexicon. 8 vols. Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 3:1017.
- al-Marzūqī, Abū ˓Alī Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan. 1914. Kitāb al-azmina wa al-amkina. 2 vols. Hyderabad: Maṭbaʿat Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Kāʾina, 2:374-375.
- al-Ṣūfī, Abū al-Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar. 1981. Kitāb ṣuwar al-kawākib al-thamāniya wa al-arbaʿīn. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 41.
Modern Star Name Discussion
The name "Alwaid" that is found in the literature of popular astronomy was proposed for the IAU-Catalog of Star Names in 2023. However, it was not applied to any star, since all four of the stars representing the Arabian asterism al-ʿawāʾidh (the Camel Mothers) already had IAU-approved modern star names in use.
New suggestions (2024): As "Alwaid" was alias for Beta Draconis in several references, perhaps we should use it for β (beta) Draconis B (Gaia EDR3 1415230383034347264)?
