Kuda

Balinese constellation: Kuda (a horse), re-drawn by Jessica Gullberg for the planetarium software Stellarium (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula & Jessica Gullberg)

Kuda is an Oceanic name from Bali (Indonesia). The lintang of kuda is found in intersection of Anggara (Tuesday, in saptawara) and Umanis (in pancawara) in a series of palelintangan. Lintang kuda means horse constellation.

Etymology and History

Kuda (IPA: /ˈkuda/ [ˈku.da]) is from Malay, that borrowed from Tamil குதிரை, kutirai, means horse.

Spelling Variants

• kunda

Origin of Constellation

Kuda or horse are animals that have been kept by humans since ancient times. Their strength that humans can use to lift loads makes them a traditional means of transportation. In Bali, horses are closely related to the possessions of high-caste people. because horses are considered a luxury item that not everyone can have. Horses usually carry carts (pedati). In addition, horses are commonly used as war mounts because of their agility in war.

Mythology / Religion

Horse and Bedahulu Kingdom

The Bedahulu kingdom was led by a very powerful king who was arrogant and haughty named Mayadenawa. During his reign, all the people of Peneges Village in the Bedahulu kingdom were prohibited from carrying out religious ceremonies. This situation made the gods in heaven angry with Mayadenawa's behavior. To fight the very powerful king, Bhatara Indra descended to the world (mercapada). Knowing this, Mayadenawa managed to poison a spring, which caused all of Bhatara Indra's troops to die when they drank the water. However, thanks to Bhatara Indra's supernatural powers, he stabbed his keris into the ground, and a spring appeared that could revive his troops. It is said that the spring was named Tirta Empul. At the end, King Mayadenawa was defeated by Bhatara Indra.

The victory over Mayadenawa's death was celebrated by the Peneges residents. Where Bhatara Indra ordered the Peneges residents to return to worship at Besakih Temple. This victory ceremony was named Asua Medayadnya, namely a sacrifice ceremony (caru) using a white horse named Onceswara.

When the ceremony was about to be carried out, Onceswara's horse suddenly disappeared. Bhatara Indra ordered all the Peneges residents to look for the horse. Then the Peneges residents divided the group into two groups. The first group tracked northwest and the second group tracked northeast.

The group that tracked northwest failed to find Onceswara's horse. Then they built and settled in the Beratan area.

The second group that tracked to the northeast managed to find the horse but it was dead. They were very sad because Onceswara's horse was dead. Bhatara Indra knew this situation and said "hey.. people of Peneges, don't be sad, even though you found Onceswara's horse dead, I will repay your services. For that I bestow this area for you. Regarding the area to the limit of the smell of Onceswara's horse carcass". Hearing this statement, the Peneges residents then cut up the horse's carcass and threw the horse pieces in all directions far apart, so that they could control the area more widely. This condition can be seen from the existence of megalithic relics which are considered sacred places or places of worship by the local community.

Holy places that are related to the death of Onceswara's horse, such as:

Kakidukun: This place is located on the northern hill of Tenganan Pegringsingan Village. It is a shape that resembles a horse's phallus in an erect position. According to the local community, if a husband and wife have not yet had children in their marriage, they should ask the shaman's holy place to have children.

Batu Taikik or Batu Talikik: this holy place is also located on the northern hill. It is the largest monolith in the Tenganan Pegringsingan Village area. Batu Taikik is considered to be the contents of the stomach or dung of Onceswara's horse. The ceremony held here aims to ask for prosperity.

Penimbalan: this holy place is located on Papuhur Hill, which is a hill in the western part of Tenganan Pegringsingan Village. This Penimbalan is in the form of a monolith which is considered by the local community to be the remains of a horse's thigh. The ceremony held in this place is related to the ceremony for Teruna Nyoman.

Batu Jaran: this holy place is located in the northern part which is considered to be the remains of Onceswara's horse.

Since being given the right to inhabit the area as determined, the Peneges residents have built a village between three hills, namely Kangin Hill (east), Kauh Hill (west) and Kaja Hill (north). Because the village is located between three hills, this village is called Tengahan. In its further development it became Tenganan.

According to Korn, in ancient times there was a village located near the coast around Candi Dasa called Peneges Village. The residents of Peneges Village had a relationship with people in Teges Village, Bedahulu, Gianyar. Over time, the Peneges residents moved inland or ngetengahang which is commonly known today.

Meanwhile, regarding the term Pegringsingan, it is possible that it comes from the typical craft business of the Tenganan Village community, namely weaving Gringsing cloth, which is the only business in Bali.

The empirical evidence above, especially regarding the history of Tenganan Pegringsingan Village, is still visible today, such as the relationship between the Peneges people in the Beratan area and the residents of Tenganan Pegringsingan, which is still well established. If Tenganan Pegringsingan holds a traditional ceremony, the Peneges people in Beratan are invited to attend and vice versa. The Peneges (Beratan) people who are present in Tenganan Pegringsingan are allowed to go up to Bale Agung and enter the holy place in the Tenganan Pegringsingan Village area. Even when the head of Tenganan Pegringsingan is unable to lead the ceremony, a head from Beratan can be appointed as a replacement.

Image Variants

• 

  Lintang Djaran (CC-BY Alfred Maaß, (1929), Astrologische Kalender der Balinesen)

• 

  Lintang Kuda in the cloth (CC-BY UPTD Museum Bali)

• 

  Lintang Kuda (CC-BY Youla Azkarrula taken in the ceiling of Taman Gili Klungkung Palace Bali)

Cultural Beliefs

Numerology (Neptu/Urip)

Anggrara (Tuesday, in saptawara) has a value of 3 and Umanis (in pancawara) has a value of 5. Thus, the total urip on this lintang is 8.

Astrological Characteristics

get good and bad in his life, be careful of other people's problems, it could turn around to harm you. The danger is being tortured by people. In his life he is always in debt, even if he is rich he will be confused. They are jealous and have difficulty giving in to others, they like to interfere in other people's affairs.

Matching Gemstones

Windu Segara (Aqua Marine), Biduri Bulan (moon stone).

All HIP Stars within this constellation

Stars within the Constellation Area

id	Label	IAU design.	description	Vmag
1	Alpheratz	HIP 677	within constellation lines	2.06
2	Enif	HIP 107315	within constellation lines	2.39
3	Scheat	HIP 113881	within constellation lines	2.42
4	Markab	HIP 113963	within constellation lines	2.48
5	Algenib	HIP 1067	within constellation lines	2.84
6	Sadalmelik	HIP 109074	within constellation lines	2.94
7	Matar	HIP 112158	within constellation lines	2.95
8	δ Andromedae	HIP 3092	within constellation lines	3.28
9	Homam	HIP 112029	within constellation lines	3.41
10	Sadalbari	HIP 112748	within constellation lines	3.48
11	Biham	HIP 109427	within constellation lines	3.55
12	γ Piscium	HIP 114971	within constellation lines	3.7
13	λ Pegasi	HIP 112440	Inside the Hull	3.93
14	ξ Pegasi	HIP 112447	Inside the Hull	4.2
15	θ Piscium	HIP 115830	Inside the Hull	4.3
16	Alkarab	HIP 115623	Inside the Hull	4.4
17	Fumalsamakah	HIP 113889	Inside the Hull	4.52
18	55 Peg	HIP 114144	Inside the Hull	4.52
19	70 Peg	HIP 115919	Inside the Hull	4.56
20	Salm	HIP 115250	Inside the Hull	4.58
21	π Aquarii	HIP 110672	Inside the Hull	4.64
22	ψ Pegasi	HIP 118131	Inside the Hull	4.66
23	56 Peg	HIP 114155	Inside the Hull	4.74
24	ο Pegasi	HIP 112051	Inside the Hull	4.79
25	35 Peg	HIP 110882	Inside the Hull	4.8
26	χ Pegasi	HIP 1168	Inside the Hull	4.8
27	ν Pegasi	HIP 109068	Inside the Hull	4.84
28	ρ Pegasi	HIP 113186	Inside the Hull	4.9
29	78 Peg	HIP 117073	Inside the Hull	4.96
30	31 Peg	HIP 110386	Inside the Hull	4.99
31	7 Psc	HIP 115227	Inside the Hull	5.069
32	77 Peg	HIP 117020	Inside the Hull	5.071
33	ϕ Pegasi	HIP 117718	Inside the Hull	5.08
34	66 Peg	HIP 115444	Inside the Hull	5.081
35	57 Peg	HIP 114347	Inside the Hull	5.14
36	59 Peg	HIP 114520	Inside the Hull	5.154
37	GN And	HIP 2355	Inside the Hull	5.214
38	82 Peg	HIP 117730	Inside the Hull	5.3
39	30 Peg	HIP 110298	Inside the Hull	5.37
40	58 Peg	HIP 114389	Inside the Hull	5.386
41	71 Peg	HIP 116264	Inside the Hull	5.42
42	Helvetios	HIP 113357	Inside the Hull	5.46
43	75 Peg	HIP 116611	Inside the Hull	5.482
44	17 Peg	HIP 108339	Inside the Hull	5.533
45	87 Peg	HIP 729	Inside the Hull	5.555
46	63 Peg	HIP 115271	Inside the Hull	5.557
47	36 Peg	HIP 110986	Inside the Hull	5.574
48	20 Peg	HIP 108693	Inside the Hull	5.599
49	19 Peg	HIP 108699	Inside the Hull	5.633
50	-	HIP 114096	Inside the Hull	5.66
51	-	HIP 114449	Inside the Hull	5.661
52	* 37 Peg A	HIP 111062	Inside the Hull	5.7
53	85 Peg	HIP 171	Inside the Hull	5.75
54	-	HIP 109471	Inside the Hull	5.774
55	34 Peg	HIP 110785	Inside the Hull	5.81
56	40 Peg	HIP 111810	Inside the Hull	5.82
57	21 Peg	HIP 108875	Inside the Hull	5.822
58	11 G. Psc	HIP 113622	Inside the Hull	5.848
59	-	HIP 114641	Inside the Hull	5.852
60	IM Peg	HIP 112997	Inside the Hull	5.89
61	-	HIP 112067	Inside the Hull	5.921
62	-	HIP 109577	Inside the Hull	5.93
63	-	HIP 114189	Inside the Hull	5.953
64	47 G. Peg	HIP 116768	Inside the Hull	5.96
65	79 Peg	HIP 117500	Inside the Hull	5.96
66	69 Peg	HIP 115806	Inside the Hull	5.979
67	18 Peg	HIP 108612	Inside the Hull	6
68	-	HIP 111974	Inside the Hull	6.05
69	V439 And	HIP 544	Inside the Hull	6.07
70	* 52 Peg A	HIP 113503	Inside the Hull	6.08
71	-	HIP 116307	Inside the Hull	6.111
72	23 Psc	HIP 117710	Inside the Hull	6.113
73	13 G. Peg	HIP 108090	Inside the Hull	6.143
74	-	HIP 114081	Inside the Hull	6.15
75	31 G. Peg	HIP 110341	Inside the Hull	6.163
76	-	HIP 118048	Inside the Hull	6.166
77	29 G. Peg	HIP 109939	Inside the Hull	6.192
78	-	HIP 114526	Inside the Hull	6.21
79	-	HIP 1193	Inside the Hull	6.234
80	-	HIP 716	Inside the Hull	6.246
81	74 Peg	HIP 116592	Inside the Hull	6.249
82	-	HIP 399	Inside the Hull	6.25
83	-	HIP 110696	Inside the Hull	6.264
84	65 Peg	HIP 115407	Inside the Hull	6.267
85	45 Peg	HIP 112358	Inside the Hull	6.269
86	-	HIP 110548	Inside the Hull	6.27
87	-	HIP 1076	Inside the Hull	6.277
88	-	HIP 111649	Inside the Hull	6.28
89	5 G. Psc	HIP 113360	Inside the Hull	6.282
90	76 Peg	HIP 116972	Inside the Hull	6.293
91	41 Peg	HIP 111884	Inside the Hull	6.324
92	-	HIP 111296	Inside the Hull	6.33
93	-	HIP 2583	Inside the Hull	6.33
94	-	HIP 114607	Inside the Hull	6.331
95	8 G. Psc	HIP 113465	Inside the Hull	6.34
96	-	HIP 114742	Inside the Hull	6.34
97	-	HIP 1215	Inside the Hull	6.342
98	-	HIP 115389	Inside the Hull	6.354
99	-	HIP 109445	Inside the Hull	6.359
100	-	HIP 113131	Inside the Hull	6.36
101	-	HIP 108766	Inside the Hull	6.367
102	V354 Peg	HIP 116119	Inside the Hull	6.388
103	-	HIP 114725	Inside the Hull	6.395
104	-	HIP 116187	Inside the Hull	6.4
105	39 Peg	HIP 111278	Inside the Hull	6.41
106	15 G. Psc	HIP 113904	Inside the Hull	6.417
107	-	HIP 111601	Inside the Hull	6.419
108	-	HIP 109009	Inside the Hull	6.42
109	-	HIP 34	Inside the Hull	6.434
110	41 G. Peg	HIP 113445	Inside the Hull	6.44
111	-	HIP 115915	Inside the Hull	6.44
112	-	HIP 113994	Inside the Hull	6.44
113	13 G. Psc	HIP 113705	Inside the Hull	6.45
114	-	HIP 410	Inside the Hull	6.462
115	-	HIP 114686	Inside the Hull	6.47
116	-	HIP 116465	Inside the Hull	6.47
117	-	HIP 728	Inside the Hull	6.47
118	-	HIP 109691	Inside the Hull	6.488
119	-	HIP 109788	Inside the Hull	6.49
120	-	HIP 112803	Inside the Hull	6.49
121	-	HIP 114844	Inside the Hull	6.5
122	-	HIP 117939	Inside the Hull	6.5
123	-	HIP 112222	Inside the Hull	6.5
124	-	HIP 1057	Inside the Hull	6.5

References

• References (general)