Bagu: Difference between revisions

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Bagu
(Created page with "{{DISPLAYTITLE: Bagu (八谷)}} Chinese constellation. == Concordance, Etymology, History == ... === Identification of stars === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing) !Ho PENG YOKE<ref>P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” ''Vistas in Astronomy'', 5(1962), 127-225.</ref> !Yi Shitong<ref>Yi Shitong伊世同. ''Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao''中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science P...")
 
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{{DISPLAYTITLE: Bagu (八谷)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE: Bagu (八谷)}}

Chinese constellation.
Bā Gǔ ( Eight Kinds of Crops, 八穀) is a Chinese constellation consisting of eight stars located within the constellations Lynx'','' Auriga, and Camelopardalis. It belongs to the asterisms introduced by Gan De and originated during the Han dynasty.


== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
== Concordance, Etymology, History ==
The name Bagu refers to the eight types of staple grains. In the ''Kaiyuan zhanjing'' (''Divination Canon of Kaiyuan Reign'', 開元占經, compiles between 712–718 CE), a note appended to the entry for Bagu explains: “The Eight Grains are rice, millet, panicled millet, barley, wheat, soybeans, adzuki beans, and hemp.” The ancients believed that observing the asterism ''Bagu'' could be used to divine the harvest of the year: if one of its stars became invisible, it foretold that one type of grain would fail to grow; if the stars appeared dim, it signified that all eight grains would suffer a poor harvest.
...
=== Identification of stars ===
=== Identification of stars ===
Line 14: Line 15:
!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
!Pan Nai<ref name=":0">Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.</ref>
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map
!Pan Nai<ref>Pan Nai潘鼐. ''Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi''中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 2009. p443.</ref>
based on catalogues in Yuan dynasty
!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
!SUN X. & J. Kistemaker<ref>Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. ''The Chinese sky during the Han''. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.</ref>
Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1">B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, ''Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu'' 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.</ref>
before Tang dynasty
before Tang dynasty
!Boshun Yang<ref name=":1" />
Song Jingyou(1034)
|-
|-
| 1st/4th
| 1st/Determinative
| delta Aur
| x
| delta Aur
| x
| beta Cam
| x
| beta Cam
| x
| delta Aur
| x
| x
| x
|-
|-
| 2nd/3rd
| 2nd
| x
| xi Aur
| x
| xi Aur
| HIP 21601
| x
| x
| 17 Cam
| x
| 16 Cam
| x
| x
|-
|-
| 3rd/2nd
| 3rd
| x
| 26 Cam
| x
| 26 Cam
| HIP 20376
| x
| x
| 16 Cam
| beta Cam
| x
| x
| x
|-
|-
|4th/1st
|4th
| x
|17 Cam
| x
|14 Cam
|HIP 21452
| x
|delta Aur
| x
|alpha Cam
| x
| x
|-
| x
|5th
| 5 Cam
| 7 Cam
| HIP 22783
| 2 Lyn
| 29997
⚫
|-
|6th
|7 Cam
|9 Aur
|HIP 24017
|1 Lyn
|15 Lyn
⚫
|-
|7th
|HIP 24479
|11 Cam
|HIP 22626
|12 Lyn
|7 Cam
|-
|8th
|31 Cam
|31 Cam
|HIP 24914
|15 Lyn
|9 Aur
|}
|}


Line 65: Line 82:
!historical map
!historical map
!modern identification
!modern identification
⚫
!same in Stellarium 25.3
(Yang 2023)
|-
⚫
!same in Stellarium 24.4
|[[File:Bagu in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido.jpg|thumb|Bagu in ''Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido'']]
|[[File:Bagu before Tang Dynasty Reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023) .jpg|thumb|Bagu before Tang Dynasty Reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)]]
|[[File:Bagu before Tang dynasty demonstrated in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|Bagu before Tang dynasty demonstrated in Stellarium]]
|-
|[[File:Bagu in Suzhou Star Map.jpg|thumb|Bagu in Suzhou Star Map]]
|[[File:Bagu in Song Dynasty Reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009).jpg|thumb|Bagu in Song Dynasty Reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)]]
|[[File:Bagu in Song dynasty demonstrated in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|Bagu in Song dynasty demonstrated in Stellarium]]
|-
|-
|[[File:Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart.jpg|alt=historical image of Kulou (Korea)|thumb|Kulou on the Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido Star Chart]]
|[[File:Bagu in Jesuits Star Map in 17th Century.jpg|thumb|Bagu in Jesuits Star Map in 17th Century]]
|[[File:Bagu Reconstructed by Yi Shitong (1981) based on Qing Star Catalogue in 18th Century.jpg|thumb|Bagu Reconstructed by Yi Shitong (1981) based on Qing Star Catalogue in 18th Century]]
⚫
|
|[[File:Bagu in 18th century demonstrated in Stellarium.jpg|thumb|Bagu in 18th century demonstrated in Stellarium]]
⚫
|
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 15:06, 3 November 2025


Bā Gǔ ( Eight Kinds of Crops, 八穀) is a Chinese constellation consisting of eight stars located within the constellations Lynx, Auriga, and Camelopardalis. It belongs to the asterisms introduced by Gan De and originated during the Han dynasty.

Concordance, Etymology, History

The name Bagu refers to the eight types of staple grains. In the Kaiyuan zhanjing (Divination Canon of Kaiyuan Reign, 開元占經, compiles between 712–718 CE), a note appended to the entry for Bagu explains: “The Eight Grains are rice, millet, panicled millet, barley, wheat, soybeans, adzuki beans, and hemp.” The ancients believed that observing the asterism Bagu could be used to divine the harvest of the year: if one of its stars became invisible, it foretold that one type of grain would fail to grow; if the stars appeared dim, it signified that all eight grains would suffer a poor harvest.

Identification of stars

Star Names or Orders(Traditional/Qing) Ho PENG YOKE[1] Yi Shitong[2]

Based on catalogue in 18th century

Pan Nai[3]

based on Xinyixiangfayao Star Map

SUN X. & J. Kistemaker[4]

Han Dynasty

Boshun Yang[5]

before Tang dynasty

1st/Determinative delta Aur delta Aur beta Cam beta Cam delta Aur
2nd xi Aur xi Aur HIP 21601 17 Cam 16 Cam
3rd 26 Cam 26 Cam HIP 20376 16 Cam beta Cam
4th 17 Cam 14 Cam HIP 21452 delta Aur alpha Cam
5th 5 Cam 7 Cam HIP 22783 2 Lyn 29997
6th 7 Cam 9 Aur HIP 24017 1 Lyn 15 Lyn
7th HIP 24479 11 Cam HIP 22626 12 Lyn 7 Cam
8th 31 Cam 31 Cam HIP 24914 15 Lyn 9 Aur

Maps (Gallery)

historical map modern identification same in Stellarium 25.3
Bagu in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido
Bagu before Tang Dynasty Reconstructed by Boshun Yang (2023)
Bagu before Tang dynasty demonstrated in Stellarium
Bagu in Suzhou Star Map
Bagu in Song Dynasty Reconstructed by Pan Nai (2009)
Bagu in Song dynasty demonstrated in Stellarium
Bagu in Jesuits Star Map in 17th Century
Bagu Reconstructed by Yi Shitong (1981) based on Qing Star Catalogue in 18th Century
Bagu in 18th century demonstrated in Stellarium


Star Name Discussion (IAU)

In 202x, the name of the historical constellation "xxx" was suggested to be used for one of the stars in this constellation. ...

Decision: ...

References

References (Chinese)

  1. ↑ P.-Y. Ho, “Ancient And Mediaeval Observations of Comets and Novae in Chinese Sources,” Vistas in Astronomy, 5(1962), 127-225.
  2. ↑ Yi Shitong伊世同. Zhongxi Duizhao Hengxing Tubiao中西对照恒星图表1950. Beijing: Science Press.1981: 56.
  3. ↑ Pan Nai潘鼐. Zhongguo Hengxing Guance shi中国恒星观测史[M]. Shanghai: Xuelin Pree. 1989. p226.
  4. ↑ Sun Xiaochun. & Kistemaker J. The Chinese sky during the Han. Leiden: Brill. 1997, Pp241-6.
  5. ↑ B.-S. Yang杨伯顺, Zhongguo Chuantong Hengxing Guance Jingdu ji Xingguan Yanbian Yanjiu 中国传统恒星观测精度及星官演变研究 (A Research on the Accuracy of Chinese Traditional Star Observation and the Evolution of Constellations), PhD thesis, (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2023). 261.
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