DINGIR.KU.A: Difference between revisions

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===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
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{| class="wikitable"
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!Sources!!Identifications
!Sources!!Identifications
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|'''Lexical texts.'''
|'''Lexical texts.'''
* (1) Series Ḫg. B VI, see (Kurtik d10) [[DINGIR.GUB.BA|DINGIR.GUB.BA<sup>meš</sup>]]
* (1) Series Ḫg. B VI, see (Kurtik d10) [[DINGIR.GUB.BA|DINGIR.GUB.BA<sup>meš</sup>]]
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|Example
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|'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes).”'''
|'''"Three Stars Each (Astroabes).”'''
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* (1) Intercalation scheme: <sup>mul</sup>dingir.tuš.a.˹m˺eš êa as star Anu — star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Shabat, see (Kurtik u19) UR.GI<sub>7</sub>.
* (1) Intercalation scheme: <sup>mul</sup>dingir.tuš.a.˹m˺eš êa as star Anu — star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Shabat, see (Kurtik u19) UR.GI<sub>7</sub>.
* (2) <sup>mul</sup>ur.gi<sub>7</sub> is the star of AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA in the month of Abu, see (Kurtik g06) GAM<sub>3</sub>.
* (2) <sup>mul</sup>ur.gi<sub>7</sub> is the star of AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA in the month of Abu, see (Kurtik g06) GAM<sub>3</sub>.
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|Example
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|'''Stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil.'''
|'''Stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil.'''
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|'''MUL.APIN.'''
|'''MUL.APIN.'''
* The list of the stars of Enlil (no. 22): <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut E<sub>2</sub>-kur'' "Sitting Gods of Ecur" (I i 23), see also [Horowitz 1989-90, 116, BM 54817:10'].
* The list of the stars of Enlil (no. 22): <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut E<sub>2</sub>-kur'' "Sitting Gods of Ekur" (I i 23), see also [Horowitz 1989-90, 116, BM 54817:10'].
|[[File:EkurGodsSchema on stellarium txt.jpg|thumb|The MUL.APIN-"The Ekur" in Stellarium and a schema overlay: The Sitting Gods are bluish, and the Standing Gods are darker gray. The two additional Non-Ekur divine "entities" with their entourage (Susanne M Hoffmann 2025).]]
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|'''List of stars V R 46, 1:16.'''
|List of stars V R 46, 1:16. <sup>mul</sup>dingir.ku.a<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut E<sub>2</sub>-kur'' = <sup>d</sup>''A-nu u'' <sup>d</sup>En-lil<sub>2</sub> "Sitting Gods = Anu and Enlil". [HBA 51:16; Wee 2016, 162-3:16].
* <sup>mul</sup>dingir.ku.a<sup>meš</sup> ''šu-ut E<sub>2</sub>-kur'' = <sup>d</sup>''A-nu u'' <sup>d</sup>''En-lil''<sub>2</sub> "Sitting Gods = Anu and Enlil". [HBA 51:16; Wee 2016, 162-3:16].
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|'''GU text.'''
|'''GU text.'''
* (L) ˹½ danna˺ egir <sup>[mu]l</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>(A.EDIN) kimin dingir.ku.a<sup>meš</sup> kal-lum <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> igi-u<sub>ˆ</sub> / ˹<sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.˺da u udu.idim.sag.uš ša<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>mul</sup>giš. erin<sub>ˆ</sub> gub gu "(The point at a distance of) half bēru(=150) behind Erua, or the Sitting Gods (μ Vir), the frontal bowl of Libra (α Lib), Numushda (κ Cen), and Saturn, which stands before Libra, the rope." [Pingree-Walker 1988, 314-315, BM 78161:19-20; ASM, 92]; according to [Koch 1992, 58], an-KU-a-meš = υ Vir, kal-lum <sup>mul</sup>giš-erin<sub>2</sub> igi-u<sub>2</sub> = α Lib, <sup>mul</sup>Nu-muš-da = ω Lup, Lup d, Lup g.
* (L) ˹½ danna˺ egir <sup>[mu]l</sup>E<sub>4</sub>-ru<sub>6</sub>(A.EDIN) kimin dingir.ku.a<sup>meš</sup> kal-lum <sup>mul</sup>giš.erin<sub>2</sub> igi-u<sub>ˆ</sub> / ˹<sup>mul</sup>nu.muš.˺da u udu.idim.sag.uš ša<sub>2</sub> igi <sup>mul</sup>giš. erin<sub>ˆ</sub> gub gu "(The point at a distance of) half bēru(=150) behind Erua, or the Sitting Gods (μ Vir), the frontal bowl of Libra (α Lib), Numushda (κ Cen), and Saturn, which stands before Libra, the rope." [Pingree-Walker 1988, 314-315, BM 78161:19-20; ASM, 92]; according to [Koch 1992, 58], an-KU-a-meš = υ Vir, kal-lum <sup>mul</sup>giš-erin<sub>2</sub> igi-u<sub>2</sub> = α Lib, <sup>mul</sup>Nu-muš-da = ω Lup, Lup d, Lup g.
|[[File:SittingGods 1hafterErua stellarium-004 smh cut.jpg|thumb|GU XII (greenish line in the middle).]]
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===Additional===
===Additional===
          '''II. Deity.'''


==== II. Deity. ====
          Deities-protectors, guardians; mentioned as a pair with DINGIR.GUB.BA<sup>meš</sup> 'Standing deities', see previous article. Among the epithets: dingir.meš na-bu-u-ti "Brilliant gods". [Sidersky 1920, 569:17, note 5].
          Deities-protectors, guardians; mentioned as a pair with DINGIR.GUB.BA<sup>meš</sup> 'Standing deities', see previous article. Among the epithets: dingir.meš na-bu-u-ti "Brilliant gods". [Sidersky 1920, 569:17, note 5].


          '''III. Symbol.'''
==== III. Symbol. ====

          Description in VAT 9428 r. 12: 9 MUL.MEŠ DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup> "9 stars, Sitting Gods" [Weidner 1927, 75-76; Beaulieu et al, 2018, 23, 25, Section IX].
          Description in VAT 9428 r. 12: 9 MUL.MEŠ DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup> "9 stars, Sitting Gods" [Weidner 1927, 75-76; Beaulieu et al, 2018, 23, 25, Section IX].


          '''IV. Identification.'''
==== IV. Identification. ====

          = "perhaps, the stars in the front part of the Serpent, in the southern part of Hercules, and in the northwestern part of the Ophiuchus." [Weidner 1927, 84; G. 28];
          = "perhaps, the stars in the front part of the Serpent, in the southern part of Hercules, and in the northwestern part of the Ophiuchus." [Weidner 1927, 84; G. 28];


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==Historical Dictionaries==
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
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!Kurtik (2022)!!Gössmann (1950)
!Kurtik (2022, d11)!!Gössmann (1950)
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|вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>AN.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>, <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>mul</sup>, <sup>mul</sup>AN.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup> = antušû, ankurû(?) «Сидящие Боги» [AHw, 56; BPO 2, 11; CAD A/2, 124; G. 28, 113; Labat 1976, 49; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 35]; группа звезд в созвездии Девы (Virgo) (?).
|вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>AN.KU.A<sup>meš</sup>, <sup>mul</sup>DINGIR.TUŠ.A<sup>mul</sup>, <sup>mul</sup>AN.TUŠ.A<sup>meš</sup> = antušû, ankurû(?) «Сидящие Боги» [AHw, 56; BPO 2, 11; CAD A/2, 124; G. 28, 113; Labat 1976, 49; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 35]; группа звезд в созвездии Девы (Virgo) (?).

Revision as of 09:04, 31 March 2025

mulDINGIR.KU.Ameš , The Sitting Gods, is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism or a group of asterisms.

Dictionary

Var. readings:

  • mulAN.KU.Ameš,
  • mulDINGIR.TUŠ.Ameš,
  • mulAN.TUŠ.Ameš = antušû, ankurû(?) "the Sitting Gods" [AHw, 56; BPO 2, 11; CAD A/2, 124; G. 28, 113; Labat 1976, 49; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 35]; a group of stars (?).

Krebernik (2023)

mulDIĜIR.GUB.BAmeš & mulDIĜIR.TUŠ.Ameš. The sumerograms are ambiguous, since the first sign can be read as DIĜIR “god” or AN “heaven”, and TUŠ can also be read DÚR (both meaning “to sit”) or KU. However, the addition of A makes the reading TUŠ virtually certain. In the same manner, BA confirms the reading of GUB.BA. The Sum. forms mean “seated, sitting” and “standing”, respectively.

The corresponding entries in the dictionaries are angubbû (AHw, CAD) and ankurû (CAD), antušû (AHw), respectively. The first sumerogram, which is much more common than the second, designates a type of priest and describes the function of certain (minor) deities in god lists. In the OB Ištar ritual from Mari, the DIĜIRmeš DIĜIR-gub-bu-ú are obviously (representations of) deities, who “sit down to the left of Ištar together with (the god) Latarak” (ii 1’-3’, see Ziegler 1997, 58). The usage in MUL.APIN, where the two expressions are connected with Enlil’s temple Ekur in Nippur (“The stars of the Standing/Sitting Gods of the Ekur”) seems to be comparable. In 5R 46: 15–16., the “Standing Gods of the Ekur” are interpreted as “Sîn and Nergal”, and the “Sitting Gods” as “Anu and Enlil”, which is not applicable to MUL.APIN. The same is true of [M]UL.DIĜIR.GUB].BAmeš DIĜIR.TUŠ.Ameš in Hg, where they are identified with Sîn and Šamaš (MSL 11, 41: 52). MUL.DIĜIR.GUB.BAmeš šu-ut É.KUR / MUL.DIĜIR.TUŠ.Ameš šu-ut É.KUR (after EN 21).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.
"Three Stars Each (Astroabes).”

Text Nv. 10.

  • (1) Intercalation scheme: muldingir.tuš.a.˹m˺eš êa as star Anu — star AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Shabat, see (Kurtik u19) UR.GI7.
  • (2) mulur.gi7 is the star of AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA in the month of Abu, see (Kurtik g06) GAM3.
Stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil.
  • a) List of 12 stars of Anu (no. 11): mulan.KU.ameš [CT 33, 9 r. 13; MCG, 176].
MUL.APIN.
  • The list of the stars of Enlil (no. 22): mulDINGIR.TUŠ.Ameš šu-ut E2-kur "Sitting Gods of Ekur" (I i 23), see also [Horowitz 1989-90, 116, BM 54817:10'].
The MUL.APIN-"The Ekur" in Stellarium and a schema overlay: The Sitting Gods are bluish, and the Standing Gods are darker gray. The two additional Non-Ekur divine "entities" with their entourage (Susanne M Hoffmann 2025).
List of stars V R 46, 1:16.
  • muldingir.ku.ameš šu-ut E2-kur = dA-nu u dEn-lil2 "Sitting Gods = Anu and Enlil". [HBA 51:16; Wee 2016, 162-3:16].
GU text.
  • (L) ˹½ danna˺ egir [mu]lE4-ru6(A.EDIN) kimin dingir.ku.ameš kal-lum mulgiš.erin2 igi-uˆ / ˹mulnu.muš.˺da u udu.idim.sag.uš ša2 igi mulgiš. erinˆ gub gu "(The point at a distance of) half bēru(=150) behind Erua, or the Sitting Gods (μ Vir), the frontal bowl of Libra (α Lib), Numushda (κ Cen), and Saturn, which stands before Libra, the rope." [Pingree-Walker 1988, 314-315, BM 78161:19-20; ASM, 92]; according to [Koch 1992, 58], an-KU-a-meš = υ Vir, kal-lum mulgiš-erin2 igi-u2 = α Lib, mulNu-muš-da = ω Lup, Lup d, Lup g.
GU XII (greenish line in the middle).

Additional

II. Deity.

          Deities-protectors, guardians; mentioned as a pair with DINGIR.GUB.BAmeš 'Standing deities', see previous article. Among the epithets: dingir.meš na-bu-u-ti "Brilliant gods". [Sidersky 1920, 569:17, note 5].

III. Symbol.

          Description in VAT 9428 r. 12: 9 MUL.MEŠ DINGIR.TUŠ.Ameš "9 stars, Sitting Gods" [Weidner 1927, 75-76; Beaulieu et al, 2018, 23, 25, Section IX].

IV. Identification.

          = "perhaps, the stars in the front part of the Serpent, in the southern part of Hercules, and in the northwestern part of the Ophiuchus." [Weidner 1927, 84; G. 28];

          = "(9) seated gods," stars in Serpent, Hercules, and Ophiuchus [Weidner 1957-59, 78];

          = ε, π, ρ, θ Herculis (?) [MA, 138];

          = ι Vir (?) [Pingree-Walker   1988, 320];

          = υ Vir [Koch 1992, 58; Donbaz-Koch 1995];

          = Virgo stars in the vicinity of Libra [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 71];

          = μ Virginis [ASM, 275].

          The transition from Hercules to Virgo may serve to illustrate how unreliable some identifications of Mesopotamian constellations are.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, d11) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulAN.KU.Ameš, mulDINGIR.TUŠ.Amul, mulAN.TUŠ.Ameš = antušû, ankurû(?) «Сидящие Боги» [AHw, 56; BPO 2, 11; CAD A/2, 124; G. 28, 113; Labat 1976, 49; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 35]; группа звезд в созвездии Девы (Virgo) (?).

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Серия Ḫg. B VI, см. d10DINGIR.GUB.BAmeš «Астролябии». Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. a) Список 12 звезд Ану (№ 11): mulan.KU.ameš [CT 33, 9 r. 13; MCG, 176]. MUL.APIN. Список звезд Энлиля (№ 22): mulDINGIR.TUŠ.Ameš šu-ut E2-kur «Сидящие Боги из Экура» (I i 23), см. также [Horowitz 1989–90, 116, BM 54817:10']. Список звезд V R 46, 1:16. muldingir.ku.ameš šu-ut E2-kur = dA-nu u dEn-lil2 «Сидящие Боги = Ану и Энлиль» [HBA 51:16; Wee 2016, 162–3:16]. GU-текст. (L) ˹½ danna˺ egir [mu]lE4-ru6(A.EDIN) kimin dingir.ku.ameš kal-lum mulgiš.erin2  igi-u2 / ˹mulnu.muš.˺da u udu.idim.sag.uš ša2 igi mulgiš.erin2 gub gu «(Точка, находящаяся на расстоянии) половины bēru(=150) позади Эруа, или Сидящие  Боги (μ Vir), передняя чаша Весов (α Lib), Нумушда (κ Cen), и Сатурн, который стоит впереди Весов, ― веревка» [Pingree–Walker 1988, 314–315, BM 78161:19–20; ASM, 92]; согласно [Koch 1992, 58], an-KU-a-meš = υ Vir, kal-lum mulgiš-erin2 igi-u2 = α Lib, mulNu-muš-da = ω Lup, Lup d, Lup g. Текст Nv. 10. (1) Схема интеркаляции: muldingir.tuš.a.˹m˺eš êак звезда Ану — звезда AN.TA.GUB.BA в месяце шабату, см. u19UR.GI7. (2) mulur.giˆ — звезда AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA в месяце абу, см. g06GAM3.

II. Божество.

Божества-защитники, охранители; упоминаются в паре с DINGIR.GUB.BAmeš «Стоящими божествами», см. предыдущую статью. Среди эпитетов: dingir.meš na-bu-u-ti  «Блестящие боги» [Sidersky 1920, 569:17, note 5].

III. Символ.

Описание в VAT 9428 r. 12: 9 MUL.MEŠ DINGIR.TUŠ.Ameš «9 звезд, Сидящие Боги» [Weidner 1927, 75–76; Beaulieu et al, 2018, 23, 25, Section IX].

IV. Отождествление.

= «возможно, звезды в передней части Змеи, в южной части Геркулеса и в северо-западной части Змееносца» [Weidner 1927, 84; G. 28];

= «(9) сидящих богов», звезды в Змее, Геркулесе и Змееносце [Weidner 1957–59, 78];

= ε, π, ρ, θ Herculis (?) [MA, 138];

= ι Vir (?) [Pingree–Walker 1988, 320];

= υ Vir [Koch 1992, 58; Donbaz–Koch 1995];

= звезды Девы в окрестности Весов [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 71];

= μ Virginis [ASM, 275].

Переход от Геркулеса к Деве может служить иллюстрацией того, насколько еще ненадежны некоторые отождествления месопотамских созвездий.

Example

References