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{{DISPLAYTITLE:UR.GI<sub>7</sub>}}
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UR.GI<sub>7</sub>, The Dog, is a Mesopotamian constellation in the area of modern [[Hercules]]. The exact identification is unknown.
UR.GI<sub>7</sub>, The Dog, is a Mesopotamian constellation in the area of modern [[Hercules]]. The exact identification is unknown.


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      The Dog constellation was apparently observed in the “Mesopotamian sky” already by the end of the 3rd millennium B.C. The name ka-al-bu-[um], ka<sub>3</sub>-li<sub>2</sub>-bu-um "Dog", as a royal name, is given in two places in the "Sumerian royal list" [Jacobsen 1939, 96-97:26-28, 78-79:7-8]. The sitting dog was originally considered a sacred animal of the goddess Ninisina, the city goddess of Isin. Many dog figurines were found in the temple dedicated to her, which apparently had apotropaic significance. Later, Ninisina was identified with the goddess-healer Gula, and the sitting dog became her symbol. On kudurru of the Kassite period and on seals of the Neo-Assyrian times, the sitting dog was depicted next to the throne on which Gula sat, see Kurtik [Kurtik 2019]. [Kurtik 2019]. In the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods, figures of a sitting or standing dog played a protective role, possibly as a remedy against canine rabies [Seidl 1968, 140-143; Seidl 1969, 487; Black-Green 1992, 70]. Clay figurines of dogs were buried for protective purposes in front of temple gates [Wiggermann 1992, 53, 59, 98].
      The Dog constellation was apparently observed in the “Mesopotamian sky” already by the end of the 3rd millennium B.C. The name ka-al-bu-[um], ka<sub>3</sub>-li<sub>2</sub>-bu-um "Dog", as a royal name, is given in two places in the "Sumerian royal list" [Jacobsen 1939, 96-97:26-28, 78-79:7-8]. The sitting dog was originally considered a sacred animal of the goddess Ninisina, the city goddess of Isin. Many dog figurines were found in the temple dedicated to her, which apparently had apotropaic significance. Later, Ninisina was identified with the goddess-healer Gula, and the sitting dog became her symbol. On kudurru of the Kassite period and on seals of the Neo-Assyrian times, the sitting dog was depicted next to the throne on which Gula sat, see Kurtik [Kurtik 2019]. [Kurtik 2019]. In the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods, figures of a sitting or standing dog played a protective role, possibly as a remedy against canine rabies [Seidl 1968, 140-143; Seidl 1969, 487; Black-Green 1992, 70]. Clay figurines of dogs were buried for protective purposes in front of temple gates [Wiggermann 1992, 53, 59, 98].


====       III. Symbol. ====
==== III. Symbol. ====
      A dog sitting at the feet of the goddess Gula. Description in VAT 9428 r. 10-11: <sup>mul</sup>UR.GI<sub>7</sub> kal-bu ša<sub>2</sub> ina UGU ur-ki-ti-šu<sub>2</sub> eṣ-[ru IGI-šu<sub>2</sub> ana <sup>mul d</sup>]gu-˹la šak-nu˺ / 2 MUL.MEŠ GABA-su ina KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> 7 MUL.MEŠ [eṣ-ru] "The Dog constellation: an image of a dog (which sits) on its hind, withs [its muzzle facing the constellation] Gula. The image [depicts] 2 stars (on) its chest, and 7 on its tail " [Weidner 1927, 75, 77, 83-84; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 23, 25].
      A dog sitting at the feet of the goddess Gula. Description in VAT 9428 r. 10-11: <sup>mul</sup>UR.GI<sub>7</sub> kal-bu ša<sub>2</sub> ina UGU ur-ki-ti-šu<sub>2</sub> eṣ-[ru IGI-šu<sub>2</sub> ana <sup>mul d</sup>]gu-˹la šak-nu˺ / 2 MUL.MEŠ GABA-su ina KUN-šu<sub>2</sub> 7 MUL.MEŠ [eṣ-ru] "The Dog constellation: an image of a dog (which sits) on its hind, withs [its muzzle facing the constellation] Gula. The image [depicts] 2 stars (on) its chest, and 7 on its tail " [Weidner 1927, 75, 77, 83-84; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 23, 25].


====       IV. Identification. ====
==== IV. Identification. ====
      = Hercules [G. 167, I; Weidner 1957-59, 79a; BPO 2, 7, Table IV; Horowitz 2014, 249; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 76].
      = Hercules [G. 167, I; Weidner 1957-59, 79a; BPO 2, 7, Table IV; Horowitz 2014, 249; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 76].


      = southern part of Hercules (Hercules) [MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 272].
      = southern part of Hercules (Hercules) [MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 272].


====       V. Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====
==== V. Parts of the constellation and individual stars. ====
      (1) The jaws of the Dog (φ Her), see dbn text.
      (1) The jaws of the Dog (φ Her), see dbn text.


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      (6) Tail of the Dog (possibly a group of 7 faint stars west of β Her) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].
      (6) Tail of the Dog (possibly a group of 7 faint stars west of β Her) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].


====       VI. Astrology. ====
==== VI. Astrology. ====
      Strangely, there are no predictions associated with the constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GI<sub>7</sub> in the texts known to us.
      Strangely, there are no predictions associated with the constellation <sup>mul</sup>UR.GI<sub>7</sub> in the texts known to us.


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[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]

[[Category:4work]]

Latest revision as of 06:08, 26 March 2025

UR.GI7, The Dog, is a Mesopotamian constellation in the area of modern Hercules. The exact identification is unknown.

Dictionary

Krebernik (2023)

= kalbu “dog”. mulUR.GI7 (EN 23r).

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var. readings: mulUR.KU, mulUR.GIRx(ŠE3), mulUR.GIR15; = kalbu 'Dog'; constellation in southern Hercules (Hercules) [CAD K, 72b; G. 167; 166, I; 119; Kurtik 2018].

Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.
  • (1) Unilingual Sumerian star lists: mulur(wr.ma2).girx(ŠE3).ra [MSL XI, 136, Forerunner 2 rev. ii 5a),  mulur.girx(ŠE3) [MSL XI, 144, Forerunner 9 col. iii 7].
  • (2) Urra XXII Series: [mulur.girx(ŠE3)] = kal-bu [MSL XI, 31, Gap j:e; Weidner 1959–1960, 112, VAT 9430:29], mulur.˹gir15˺ =  k[a-al-bu] [Cavigneaux 1981, 79.B.1/5 iv 11], mulur.k[u] = [kal]-bi [SpTU III, 114A v 32; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 107:288ʹ].
"Three Stars Each (Astrolabes)."
  • BM 34713.
    • itiapin // 2.20 múlur.gi7 // 1.20 múla-nu-ni-tu2 // 50 múlen.te.<na>.bar.ḫum "Arahsamnu: 140 Dog, 80 Anunitu, 50 Entenabarhum" [LBAT, 1499:8], see also u21UR.IDIM.
  • Text Nv. 10.
    • (1) Intercalation scheme: ina ˹iti˺ziz2 ki.min mulur.gi7 // 4 šu-ut dEn-lil2 / muldingir.tuš.a. meš // 3 šu-ut dA-nim / mulPa-bil-sag // 2 šu-ut d[E2-a] / 4 6 ša2 mulAN.˹TA˺.GUB.BA // 1 šu-q[a2 sim.maḫ] "In the month of Shabbat respectively: Dog, 4, (asterism in the path of) Enlil, / Sitting gods, 3, (asterism in the path of) Anu, / Pabilsag, 2, (asterism in the path of) [Ea], / 4 (elbows) 6 (fingers) (from) the Upward Standing Star, 1, (to) the heig[hts of the Swallow]" (Obv. 13'-16') [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 64, 66, 69].
    • (2) mulur.gi7 is the asterism AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA in the month of Ab, see g06mul / dGAM3 .
 Example
Text BM 77054. See (Kurtik a48) AŠ.GAN2 = mulIKU
  • (2) The dates of the heliacal risings are "on the 15th day of Tashritu" (I iii 2), see (Kurtik z11) Zibānītum.
  • (3) Simultaneous diurnal sunrises and sunsets: (I iii 25), see (Kurtik m35) MUL.MUL.
  • (4) List of ziqpu stars: mulUR.KU, between mulDINGIR.GUB.BAmeš and mulUZ3 (I iv 4).
  • (5) Culminations and simultaneous heliacal risings: the Dog culminates, the Field rises (I iv 29), see (Kurtik a48) AŠ.GAN2 = mulIKU [MA, 25, 43, 50, 58, 66].
"Great Star List and Miscellenia".
  • (1) mul sag ur.gi7 = mulmin(ur.gu.la) "asterism on the head of the Dog = Lion";
  • (2) kun mulur.gi7 = mulim.šu.rin.na al-ma-nu-u "Tail of the Dog = Widow's Furnace" [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:138, 155].
Dalbanna-text.
  • §z. mulka ur.gi7 muluz3 mulsag sa.ri u3 mulA2mušen [x x] "The Mouth of the Dog (φ Her), the Goat (δ Her?), the Head of the Wildcat (ι Tel), and the Eagle (ε Aql) [x x]" [Walker 1995, 41; Koch 1995, 51, 64; ASM, 111]; see also eme ur.gi7 instead of mulka ur.gi7 in [ACh Sin, 13:31].
  • §aa. muleme ur.gi7 "The tongue of the Dog" (τ Her), see (Kurtik g27) GU.LA. List of the "4 Enlils." See (Kurtik e11) dEn-lil2.
 Example

additional

II. Deity.

      The Dog constellation was apparently observed in the “Mesopotamian sky” already by the end of the 3rd millennium B.C. The name ka-al-bu-[um], ka3-li2-bu-um "Dog", as a royal name, is given in two places in the "Sumerian royal list" [Jacobsen 1939, 96-97:26-28, 78-79:7-8]. The sitting dog was originally considered a sacred animal of the goddess Ninisina, the city goddess of Isin. Many dog figurines were found in the temple dedicated to her, which apparently had apotropaic significance. Later, Ninisina was identified with the goddess-healer Gula, and the sitting dog became her symbol. On kudurru of the Kassite period and on seals of the Neo-Assyrian times, the sitting dog was depicted next to the throne on which Gula sat, see Kurtik [Kurtik 2019]. [Kurtik 2019]. In the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian periods, figures of a sitting or standing dog played a protective role, possibly as a remedy against canine rabies [Seidl 1968, 140-143; Seidl 1969, 487; Black-Green 1992, 70]. Clay figurines of dogs were buried for protective purposes in front of temple gates [Wiggermann 1992, 53, 59, 98].

III. Symbol.

      A dog sitting at the feet of the goddess Gula. Description in VAT 9428 r. 10-11: mulUR.GI7 kal-bu ša2 ina UGU ur-ki-ti-šu2 eṣ-[ru IGI-šu2 ana mul d]gu-˹la šak-nu˺ / 2 MUL.MEŠ GABA-su ina KUN-šu2 7 MUL.MEŠ [eṣ-ru] "The Dog constellation: an image of a dog (which sits) on its hind, withs [its muzzle facing the constellation] Gula. The image [depicts] 2 stars (on) its chest, and 7 on its tail " [Weidner 1927, 75, 77, 83-84; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 23, 25].

IV. Identification.

      = Hercules [G. 167, I; Weidner 1957-59, 79a; BPO 2, 7, Table IV; Horowitz 2014, 249; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 76].

      = southern part of Hercules (Hercules) [MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 272].

V. Parts of the constellation and individual stars.

      (1) The jaws of the Dog (φ Her), see dbn text.

      (2) The tongue of the Dog (τ Her), see dbn-text, see also [G. 119].

      (3) The head of the Dog, see VAT 9428.

      (4) The chest of the Dog (π + ρ) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].

      (5) The Dog's hind (β + ζ Her) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].

      (6) Tail of the Dog (possibly a group of 7 faint stars west of β Her) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].

VI. Astrology.

      Strangely, there are no predictions associated with the constellation mulUR.GI7 in the texts known to us.

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulUR.KU, mulUR.GIRx(ŠE3), mulUR.GIR15; = kalbu «Пес»; созвездие в южной части Геркулеса (Hercules) [CAD K, 72b; G. 167; 166, I; 119; Kurtik 2018]. Example
I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки звезд: mulur(wr.ma2).girx(ŠE3).ra [MSL XI, 136, Forerunner 2 rev. ii 5a),  mulur.girx(ŠE3) [MSL XI, 144, Forerunner 9 col. iii 7]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: [mulur.girx(ŠE3)] = kal-bu [MSL XI, 31, Gap j:e; Weidner 1959–1960, 112, VAT 9430:29], mulur.˹gir15˺ =  k[a-al-bu] [Cavigneaux 1981, 79.B.1/5 iv 11], mulur.k[u] = [kal]-bi [SpTU III, 114A v 32; Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 107:288ʹ]. «Астролябии». BM 34713. itiapin // 2,20 múlur.gi7 // 1,20 múla-nu-ni-tu2 // 50 múlen.te.<na>.bar.ḫum «Арахсамну: 140 Пес, 80 Ануниту, 50 Энтенабархум» [LBAT, 1499:8], см. также u21UR.IDIM. Текст BM 77054. См. a48AŠ.GAN2. MUL.APIN. (1) Звезды Энлиля (№ 24): MUL ša2 ina IGI mulUZ3 GUB-zu mulUR.KU «Звезда, которая стоит впереди Козы, Собака» (I i 25). (2) Даты гелиакических восходов: «15-го ташриту» (I iii 2), см. z11Zibānītum. (3) Одновременные суточные восходы и заходы: (I iii 25), см. m35MUL.MUL. (4) Список ziqpu-звезд: mulUR.KU, между mulDINGIR.GUB.BAmeš и mulUZ3 (I iv 4). (5) Кульминации и одновременные гелиакические восходы: Пес кульминирует, Поле восходит (I iv 29), см. a48AŠ.GAN2  [MA, 25, 43, 50, 58, 66]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mul sag ur.gi7 = mulmin(ur.gu.la) «Звезда на голове Пса = Лев»; (2) kun mulur.gi7 = mulim.šu.rin.na al-ma-nu-u «Хвост Пса = Вдовья Печь» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:138, 155]. Dalbanna-текст. §z. mulka ur.gi7 muluz3 mulsag sa.ri u3 mulA2mušen [x x] «Пасть Пса (φ Her), Коза (δ Her?), Голова Дикого Кота (ι Tel) и Орел (ε Aql) [x x]» [Walker 1995, 41; Koch 1995, 51, 64; ASM, 111]; см. также eme ur.gi7 вместо mulka ur.gi7 в [ACh Sin, 13:31]. §aa. muleme ur.gi7 «Язык Пса» (τ Her), см. g27GU.LA. Текст Nv. 10. (1) Схема интеркаляции: ina ˹iti˺ziz2 ki.min mulur.gi7 // 4 šu-ut dEn-lil2 / muldingir.tuš.a.meš // 3 šu-ut dA-nim / mulPa-bil-sag  // 2 šu-ut d[E2-a] / 4 6 ša2 mulAN.˹TA˺.GUB.BA // 1 šu-q[a2 sim.maḫ] «В месяце шабату соответственно: Пес, 4, (звезда на пути) Энлиля, / Сидящие боги, 3, (звезда на пути) Ану, / Пабилсаг, 2, (звезда на пути) [Эа], / 4 (локтя) 6 (пальцев) (от) Наверху стоящей звезды, 1, (до) высо[ты Ласточки]» (Obv. 13'–16') [Donbaz–Koch 1995,  64, 66, 69]. (2) mulur.gi7 — звезда AN.TA.ŠU.UR.RA в месяце абу, см. g06GAM3. Список «4-х Энлилей». См. e11dEn-lil2.

II. Божество.

На месопотамском небе созвездие Пес появилось, по-видимому, уже в конце III тыс. до н. э. Имя ka-al-bu-[um], ka3-li2-bu-um «Пес», как царское имя, приводится в двух местах «Шумерского царского списка» [Jacobsen 1939, 96–97:26–28, 78–79:7–8]. Сидящая собака исходно считалась священным животным богини Нинисины, городской богини Исина. В посвященном ей храме найдено много фигурок собак, имевших, очевидно, апотропеическое значение. Позднее Нинисину отождествили с богиней-целительницей Гулой, и сидящая собака стала ее символом. На кудурру касситского периода и на печатях новоассирийского времени сидящая собака изображалась рядом с троном, на котором восседает Гула, см. [Kurtik 2019]. В новоассирийский и нововавилонский периоды фигурки сидящей или стоящей собаки играли защитную роль, возможно, как средство против болезни собачьего бешенства [Seidl 1968, 140–143; Seidl 1969, 487; Black–Green 1992, 70]. Глиняные фигурки собак закапывали в защитных целях перед воротами храмов [Wiggermann 1992, 53, 59, 98].

III. Символ.

Собака, сидящая у ног богини Гулы. Описание в VAT  9428 r. 10–11: mulUR.GI7 kal-bu ša2 ina UGU ur-ki-ti-šu2  eṣ-[ru IGI-šu2 ana mul d]gu-˹la šak-nu˺ / 2 MUL.MEŠ GABA-su ina KUN-šu2 7 MUL.MEŠ [eṣ-ru] «Созвездие Пес: собака, (которая сидящей) на своем заду изоб[ражена, ее морда к звездной] Гуле обращена. 2 звезды (на) ее груди, на ее хвосте 7 звезд [изображены]» [Weidner 1927, 75, 77, 83–84; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 23, 25].

IV. Отождествление.

= Hercules [G. 167, I; Weidner 1957–59, 79a; BPO 2, 7, Table IV; Horowitz 2014, 249; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 76].

= южная часть Геркулеса (Hercules) [MA, 138; Mesop.Astrol., 207, App. C; ASM, 272].

V. Части созвездия и отдельные звезды.

(1)   Пасть Пса (φ Her), см. dbn-текст.

(2)   Язык Пса (τ Her), см. dbn-текст., см. также [G. 119].

(3)   Голова Пса, см. VAT 9428.

(4) Грудь Пса (π + ρ) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].

(5) Зад Пса (β + ζ Her) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].

(6) Хвост Пса (возможно, группа из 7 слабых звезд к западу от β Her) (?) [Weidner 1927, 84].

VI. Астрология.

Странным образом в известных нам текстах отсутствуют предсказания, связанные с созвездием mulUR.GI7.

Example

References

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