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{{DISPLAYTITLE:GAM-''ti''}}
[[File:Dignity BabAsterism.jpg|thumb|The Mesopotamian asterism The Circle, Dignity, GAM-ti.]]
<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' is Sumerian, with Akkadian equivalent ''kippatu'', The Circle. As an ancient Mesopotamian asterism, it is an alternative name for Corona Borealis (also called "asterism of dignity"), (Kurtik b03) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].

''I am not sure about translation 'ring' below - I don't find kippatu in CAD K with jewelry but a loop is good - lets look at scepter and loops in art??? -- and book chapter by Slansky and see Abram below??? and look for other stuff???''

Studia Antiqua

Volume 10 Number 1 Article 5

December 2011

A New Look at the Mesopotamian Rod and Ring: Emblems of

Time and Eternity

Mary Abram

C''an we place a circle/ring in the picture???''?

==Dictionary==
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim===
Var. names: GAM; = <sup>mul</sup>''kippatu'' "Ring, Circle"; 

* 1) = ziqpu III (α Coronae Borealis, Gemma), 
* 2) a group of stars in Corona Borealis [G. 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Sources!!Identifications
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|'''Three Stars Each.'''  
Text Nv. 10. Intercalation scheme:  

* ˹''kip-pat''˺ as asterism of Anu — asterism AN.TA.GUB.BA in the month of Tebet, see (Kurtik d05) [[Dilbat]] 1502. 
* <sup>d</sup>PA ''u'' <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA | ''kip''<sup>!</sup>-''pat''<sup>!</sup> ''ana ziq-pi'' 30 [...] "Shullat and Hanish - (asterism) Antagubba. The ring culminates 30 [...]" [Donbaz-Koch 1995, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46]. 

Observations during the time of Sargon II: 

* ''ina'' U[GU] / <sup>mul</sup>''kip-pi-te u''<sub>2</sub>-''s''[''ar-ri''] / ''ina'' UGU MUL ''taš-ka-''[''a-ti''] / [''i'']''t-tu-u''<sub>2</sub>-''aḫ'' [xx] 
* "(The storm) beg[an] (during the culmination) of the Ring and [su]bsided (when the stars of the) Tripl[ets] (culminated)". [Lanfranchi-Parpola 1990, 249:12ʹ-15ʹ].
|
|-
|'''Lists of ziqpu stars.''' 
* (1) AO 6478: 
** (a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> | 12 UŠ ''i-na qaq-qa-ri'' | 21 IGI 6 ME DAN[NA ''i-na šamê''(AN)<sup>e</sup> | TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN. ANŠE EGIR-''ti'' | EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "2 min weights, 120 on the ground, 21600 miles in the sky / From the Hind section of the Rope to the Ri[ng]", 
** b) 2½ MA. NA MIN | ½ DANNA ''i-na'' KI.MIN (=''ina qaqqari'') | 27 IGI DANNA [''ina'' KI.MIN] (=''ina šamê'') | TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti'' | EN MUL ''ša''<sub>2</sub> ''maš-a-ti'' "2½ min weight, 150 on earth, 27000 miles in the sky, from the Ring to the star from the Twins"  [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7-10; TU, 21:7-10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228-229]. 
* (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' // 9 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub> "ring // 9 (stars) / 7200 cubits." [Schaumberger 1952, 226-227:20]. 
* (3) Sippar Planisphere: 
** a) 12 UŠ ''ana'' [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-''ti''] "120 to the [Ring]" (rev. 3), 
** b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-''t'']''i'' "[Rin]g," a circle of 9 points in the diagram (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:3, 176-178]. 
|
|-
|'''GU-text.''' 
(P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>''kip-pat'' kimin igi <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz gu "Ring (ziqpu III: α CrB), or eye of Zababa (η Oph), Sharur (and) Shargas (λ, υ Sco)=: string" [Pingree-Walker 1988, BM 78161:26]; according to [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>''Za-ba''<sub>4</sub>-''ba''<sub>4</sub> is υ Oph. 
|[[File:TheCircle Dignity BabAsterism.jpg|thumb|The Mesopotamian asterism of Dignity/ The Circle, painted by Jessica Gullberg (2021). ]]
|-
|'''Calendar of daily risings and settings of the ziqpu-star.''' 
See. [Schaumberger 1955, 247-251]. 
|
|-
|'''"Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts."'''
* (1) A[N...]/ 3 KUŠ<sub>3</sub> SIG ''kip-pat'' IGI "Mars appeared 3 cubits below the Ring" [AD II, No.-234: 7-9]. 
* (2) When describing the motion of comets: KUŠ<sup>?</sup> e ''kip-pat mi-šiḫ-šu''<sub>2</sub> ''ana'' ULU<sub>3</sub> "...cubits? above the Ring, its tail to the south". [AD III, No.-162 r. 9]. 
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|-
|'''Late astrology.''' 
W 22554/2: ''ki-i'' <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat a-na ziq-pi izzazu''(GUB)zu <sup>d</sup>''Sîn''(30) ''attalû''(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) ''u''<sub>2</sub>-''ša''[''r-r'']''u''-''u''<sub>2</sub> "If the Ring culminates (and) the lunar eclipse should begin..." [SpTU III, 102:18]. See also U.197 obv. 5': <sup>múl</sup>''kip-pat'' [...] [Sachs 1952, 74].
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|}
===Additional===

==== II. Identification. ====
          Constellation:

          = α, β Coronae Borealis [G. 65];

          = stars with great brilliance in the western part of the Northern Corona; according to VAT 16436:3, contains 9 stars [Schaumberger 1952, 219]; it is α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB, according to [ASM, 88].

          = Corona Borealis [ASM, 271].

          Ziqpu III:

        = α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree-Walker 1988, 321; Koch 1992, 59; ASM, 86].

          See also (Kurtik b02) [[BAL.TEŠ2.A|BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A]].
==Historical Dictionaries==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" |Kurtik (2022, g05)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" |Gössmann (1950)
|-
|вар. названия: GAM; = <sup>mul</sup>kippatu «Кольцо, Круг»; 1) = ziqpu III (α Coronae Borealis, Гемма), 2) группа звезд в Северной Короне (Corona Borealis) [G. 65; AHw, 483a; Schaumberger 1952].
I. Источники.

Наблюдение времен Саргона II: ina U[GU] / <sup>mul</sup>kip-pi-te u<sub>2</sub>-s[ar-ri] / ina UGU MUL taš-ka-[a-ti] / [i]t-tu-u<sub>2</sub>-aḫ [xx] «(Шторм) нач[ался] (во время кульминации) Кольца и [у]тих (когда кульминировали звезды) Трой[ни]» [Lanfranchi–Parpola 1990, 249:12ʹ–15ʹ]. Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) 2 MA.NA KI.LA<sub>2</sub> | 12 UŠ i-na qaq-qa-ri | 21 IGI 6 ME DAN[NA i-na šamê(AN)e | TA <sup>mul</sup>ŠUDUN.ANŠE EGIR-ti | EN <sup>m</sup>[<sup>ul</sup>GAM-ti] «2 мины веса, 120 на земле, 21600 миль на небе / От Задней части Упряжи до Ко[льцa]», b) 2½ MA.NA MIN | ½ DANNA i-na KI.MIN (=ina qaqqari) | 27 IGI DANNA [ina KI.MIN] (=ina šamê) | TA <sup>mul</sup>GAM-ti | EN MUL ša<sub>2</sub> maš-a-ti «2½ мины веса, 150 на земле, 27000 миль на небе от Кольца до звезды из Пары»  [Thureau-Dangin 1913, 216:7–10; TU, 21:7–10; HBA, 132; Schaumberger 1952, 228–229]. (2) VAT 16436: <sup>múl</sup>kip-pat // 9 // 7 IGI 2 ME KUŠ<sub>3</sub> «Кольцо // 9 (звезд) / 7200 локтей» [Schaumberger 1952, 226–227:20]. (3) Sippar Planisphere: a) 12 UŠ ana [<sup>mul</sup>GAM-ti] «120 до [Кольца]» (rev. 3), b) <sup>mul</sup>[GAM-t]i «[Кольц]о», на диаграмме кружочек из 9 точек (obv., Segment 6) [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 171–173:3, 176–178]. GU-текст. (P) <sup>˹mul˺</sup>kip-pat kimin igi <sup>mul</sup>za.ba<sub>4</sub>.ba<sub>4</sub> <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.ur <sup>d</sup>šar<sub>2</sub>.gaz gu «Кольцо (ziqpu III: α CrB), или глаз Забабы (η Oph), Шарур (и) Шаргаз (λ, υ Sco): веревка» [Pingree–Walker 1988, BM 78161:26]; cогласно [Koch 1992, 59], igi <sup>mul</sup>Za-ba<sub>4</sub>-ba<sub>4</sub> — υ Oph. Kалендарь ежедневных восходов и заходов ziqpu-звезд. См. [Schaumberger 1955, 247–251]. «Дневники наблюдений». (1) A[N...] / 3 KUŠ<sub>3</sub> SIG kip-pat IGI «Марс появился на 3 локтя ниже Кольца» [AD II, No.-234: 7–9]. (2) При описании движения кометы: KUŠ<sup>?</sup> e kip-pat mi-šiḫ-šu<sub>2</sub> ana ULU<sub>3</sub> «…локтей? выше Кольца, ее хвост к югу» [AD III, No.-162 r. 9]. Текст Nv. 10. Интеркаляционная схема: ˹kip-pat˺ как звезда Ану — звезда AN.TA.GUB.BA в месяце тебету, см. d05DIL.BAT 1502. <sup>d</sup>PA u <sup>d</sup>LUGAL MUL<sub>2</sub> AN.TA.GUB.BA |  kip<sup>!</sup>-pat<sup>!</sup> ana ziq-pi 30 […] «Шуллат и Ханиш — (звезда) Антагубба. Кольцо кульминирует 30 […]» [Donbaz–Koch 1995, 76: i 10, ii 9' + Anm. 46]. Поздняя астрология. W 22554/2: ki-i <sup>múl</sup>kip-pat a-na ziq-pi izzazu(GUB)zu <sup>d</sup>Sîn(30) attalû(AN.GI<sub>6</sub>) u<sub>2</sub>-ša[r-r]u-u<sub>2</sub> «Если Кольцо кульминирует (и) лунное затмение должно начаться...» [SpTU III, 102:18]. См. также U.197 obv. 5': <sup>múl</sup>kip-pat […] [Sachs 1952, 74].

II. Отождествление.

Созвездие:

=  α, β Coronae Borealis [G. 65];

= звезды с большим блеском в западной части Северной Короны; согласно VAT 16436:3, содержит 9 звезд [Schaumberger 1952, 219]; это α, β, γ, δ, ε, θ, ι, π, ρ CrB, согласно [ASM, 88].

= Corona Borealis [ASM, 271].

Ziqpu III:

= α Coronae Borealis [Schaumberger 1952, 229; Pingree–Walker 1988, 321; Koch 1992, 59; ASM, 86].

См. также b02BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A.
|Example
|-
!Kurtik (2022, k19)
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|-
|= <sup>mul</sup>GAM-ti «Кольцо, круг»; = ziqpu III, группа звезд в Северной Короне (Corona Borealis); см. g05GAM-ti, b03BAL.TEŠ<sub>2</sub>.A.
|
|}
==References==
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]]

[[Category:Mesopotamian]] 
[[Category:Akkadian]] 
[[Category:West Asian]] 
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]