UR.MAH: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:UR.MAḪ}}
This is a Sumerian loanword in Akkadian. The original meaning of the composition, the Great Dog-like Animal, became a standard term for The Lion. In Late Babylonian texts, this is the only meaning of the term.
This is a Sumerian loanword in Akkadian. The original meaning of the composition, the Great Dog-like Animal, became a standard term for The Lion. In Late Babylonian texts, this is the only meaning of the term.


==Dictionary==
==Dictionary==
===Kurtik with Hoffmann, Horowitz and Kim===
===Kurtik with Hoffmann, Horowitz and Kim===
= ''nēšu'' "Lion";
= ''nēšu'' "Lion"; 1) a constellation often identified with <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA "Lion" (Leo); 2) a small constellation north of the traditional Leo(?) [BPO 2, 16; G. 168; Heimpel 1987, 84; Weidner 1927, 81-82].

* 1) a constellation often identified with <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA "Lion" (Leo);
* 2) a small constellation north of the traditional Leo(?) [BPO 2, 16; G. 168; Heimpel 1987, 84; Weidner 1927, 81-82].

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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'''(1)''' Unilingual Sumerian list of stars: <sup>mul</sup>ur.maḫ [MSL XI, 144, Forerunner 9 col. iii 5].
'''(1)''' Unilingual Sumerian list of stars: <sup>mul</sup>ur.maḫ [MSL XI, 144, Forerunner 9 col. iii 5].


(2) ''Urra'' XXII series: [<sup>mul</sup>u]r.maḫ = ''ne<sub>2</sub>''-''e''-''šu''<sub>2</sub> [MSL XI, 31, Gap j:b; Weidner 1959-60, 112, VAT 9430:26], <sup>mul</sup>ur.ma[ḫ] = [...] x ta x x [SpTU III, 114A v 31].
'''(2)''' ''Urra'' XXII series: [<sup>mul</sup>u]r.maḫ = ''ne<sub>2</sub>''-''e''-''šu''<sub>2</sub> [MSL XI, 31, Gap j:b; Weidner 1959-60, 112, VAT 9430:26], <sup>mul</sup>ur.ma[ḫ] = [...] x ta x x [SpTU III, 114A v 31].


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|'''''MUL.APIN'''''.
|'''''MUL.APIN'''''.
Astrological predictions: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>4UR.MAḪ MUL<sub>4</sub><sup>meš</sup><sub>-</sub>šu<sub>2</sub> il-tap-pu-u 3.20 KI DU NIG<sub>2</sub>.E<sub>3</sub> MUL<sub>4</sub> BI / MUL KASKAL "If the stars of Leo flashes: the king will be victorious wherever he goes. This star — a marching star" (II iii 30-31) [MA, 112, 134; AHw, 1177a], for a parallel see prediction (3) below. ||
Astrological predictions: DIŠ mul<sub>4</sub> UR.MAḪ MUL<sub>4</sub><sup>meš</sup><sub>-</sub>šu<sub>2</sub> il-tap-pu-u 3.20 KI DU NIG<sub>2</sub>.E<sub>3</sub> MUL<sub>4</sub> BI / MUL KASKAL "If the stars of Leo flashes: the king will be victorious wherever he goes. This star — a marching star" (II iii 30-31) [MA, 112, 134; AHw, 1177a], for a parallel see prediction (3) below. ||
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|"'''''Letters'''''" '''''and''''' "'''''Reports'''''."
|"'''''Letters'''''" '''''and''''' "'''''Reports'''''."
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!Kurtik (2022)!!Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, u22)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)
|-
|-
|= ''nēšu'' «Лев»; 1) созвездие, нередко отождествляемое с <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA «Лев» (Leo); 2) небольшое созвездие к северу от традиционного Льва(?) [BPO 2, 16; G. 168; Heimpel 1987, 84; Weidner 1927, 81–82].
|= ''nēšu'' «Лев»; 1) созвездие, нередко отождествляемое с <sup>mul</sup>UR.GU.LA «Лев» (Leo); 2) небольшое созвездие к северу от традиционного Льва(?) [BPO 2, 16; G. 168; Heimpel 1987, 84; Weidner 1927, 81–82].
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[[Category:West Asian]]
[[Category:West Asian]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Eurasia]]
[[Category:Cuneiform]]

Latest revision as of 14:47, 18 September 2024

This is a Sumerian loanword in Akkadian. The original meaning of the composition, the Great Dog-like Animal, became a standard term for The Lion. In Late Babylonian texts, this is the only meaning of the term.

Dictionary

Kurtik with Hoffmann, Horowitz and Kim

= nēšu "Lion";

  • 1) a constellation often identified with mulUR.GU.LA "Lion" (Leo);
  • 2) a small constellation north of the traditional Leo(?) [BPO 2, 16; G. 168; Heimpel 1987, 84; Weidner 1927, 81-82].
Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.

(1) Unilingual Sumerian list of stars: mulur.maḫ [MSL XI, 144, Forerunner 9 col. iii 5].

(2) Urra XXII series: [mulu]r.maḫ = ne2-e-šu2 [MSL XI, 31, Gap j:b; Weidner 1959-60, 112, VAT 9430:26], mulur.ma[ḫ] = [...] x ta x x [SpTU III, 114A v 31].

Enuma Anu Enlil (EAE).

See. [Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 29′; NSAM 2, 248; SpTU III, 101:36, r. 5].

MUL.APIN.

Astrological predictions: DIŠ mul4 UR.MAḪ MUL4meš-šu2 il-tap-pu-u 3.20 KI DU NIG2.E3 MUL4 BI / MUL KASKAL "If the stars of Leo flashes: the king will be victorious wherever he goes. This star — a marching star" (II iii 30-31) [MA, 112, 134; AHw, 1177a], for a parallel see prediction (3) below. ||

"Letters" and "Reports."

See. [LABS, 160:21; ARAK, 350b].

additional

II. Symbol.

The figure of a lion. Description in VAT 9428, obv. 17-18: mulUR.MAḪ SIPA šar-ḫ[u xxxx] UGU KUN-šu2 MUL ana IGI ḫu-ru-u[p-p]i / u3 qu-ru-˹ub?˺ 4?  M[UL?.MEŠ? x x 1 MU]L ina GABA-šu2 e-ṣir "The lion — a wonderful shepherd [...] a star above its tail, in the front ... and next to 4(?) stars(?) and 1 star is depicted on its chest." [Weidner 1927, 74-75, 81-82; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 22, 25, Section V]. KUN mulUR.MAḪ "The Lion's tail" is also mentioned in the commentary on the predictions in [NSAM 2, 37, Tav. Ih: v. 5′, 7′].

III. Identification.

= Leo Minor + southern section of the Ursa Maior [Weidner 1927, 81].

= Leo Minor [Weidner 1957-59, 79a].

= Leo [BPO 2, 16].

= constellation north of Leo [Heimpel 1987, 84].

IV. Astrology.

Identifications:

(1) = mulUR.GU.LA "Leo"; see (Kurtik ts02) dṢalbatānu, III 38, (Kurtik u18) UR.BAR.RA, IV 7.

Predictions:

(2) Wolf (= Mars) reaches Leo; see (Kurtik u18) UR.BAR.RA, IV 7.

(3) If the stars of Leo light up (during the first morning appearance of Jupiter within Leo); DIŠ mulUR.MAḪ MUL.MEŠ-šu2 ul-tap-pu-u2 / LUGAL a-šar il-la-ku / li-is-su "If the stars of Leo lights up? (again): the king will prevail wherever he goes." [ARAK, 437:3-5], the commentary says: [mulSA]G.ME.GAR / [ina mul]UR.GU.LA / [iz-za-a]z-ma "[Ju]piter [in] Leo [sto]it." [ARAK, 289:3-r. 1], see also [ibid., 54:6-7; 228:13; LABS, 160:21; SpTU III, 101 r. 5; ACh Suppl. 2, 78 iv 4-6].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, u22) Gössmann (1950)
= nēšu «Лев»; 1) созвездие, нередко отождествляемое с mulUR.GU.LA «Лев» (Leo); 2) небольшое созвездие к северу от традиционного Льва(?) [BPO 2, 16; G. 168; Heimpel 1987, 84; Weidner 1927, 81–82].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки звезд: mulur.maḫ [MSL XI, 144, Forerunner 9 col. iii 5]. (2) Серия Urra XXII: [mulu]r.maḫ = ne2-e-šu2 [MSL XI, 31, Gap j:b; Weidner 1959–60, 112, VAT 9430:26], mulur.ma[ḫ] = […] x ta x x [SpTU III, 114A v 31]. EAE. См. [Borger 1973, LB 1321 r. 29′; NSAM 2, 248; SpTU III, 101:36, r. 5]. MUL.APIN. Астрологические предсказания: DIŠ mul4UR.MAḪ MUL4meš-šu2 il-tap-pu-u 3,20 KI DU NIG2.E3 MUL4 BI / MUL KASKAL «Если Лев, звезды его вспыхивают: царь, куда бы он ни пошел, будет победоносен. Эта звезда — походная звезда» (II iii 30–31) [MA, 112, 134; AHw, 1177a], параллель см. ниже предсказание (3). «Письма» и «Рапорты». См. [LABS, 160:21; ARAK, 350b].

II. Символ.

Фигура льва. Описание в VAT 9428, obv. 17–18: mulUR.MAḪ SIPA šar-[u xxxxx] UGU KUN-šu2 MUL ana IGI ḫu-ru-u[p-p]i / u3 qu-ruub?˺ 4?  M[UL?.MEŠ? x x 1 MU]L ina GABA-šu2 e-ṣir «Лев – великолепный пастух […] выше его хвоста звезда, впереди … и рядом 4(?) звезды(?) и 1 звезда на его груди изображена» [Weidner 1927, 74–75, 81–82; Beaulieu et al. 2018, 22, 25, Section V]. KUN mulUR.MAḪ «Хвост Льва» упомянут также в комментариях к предсказаниям в [NSAM 2, 37, Tav. Ih: v. 5′, 7′].

III. Отождествление.

= Leo Minor + южная часть Ursa Maior [Weidner 1927, 81].

= Leo Minor [Weidner 1957–59, 79a].

= Leo [BPO 2, 16].

= созвездие к северу от Leo [Heimpel 1987, 84].

IV. Астрология.

Отождествления:

(1) = mulUR.GU.LA «Лев»; см. (Kurtik ts02) dṢalbatānu, III 38, u18UR.BAR.RA, IV 7.

Предсказания:

(2) Волк (= Марс) достигает Льва; см. u18UR.BAR.RA, IV 7.

(3) Если звезды Льва вспыхивают (первое утреннее появление Юпитера во Льве); DIŠ mulUR.MAḪ MUL.MEŠ-šu2 ul-tap-pu-u2 / LUGAL a-šar il-la-ku / li-is-su «Если звезды Льва (повторно) вспыхивают?: царь одержит победу, куда бы он ни пошел» [ARAK, 437:3–5], в комментарии сказано: [mulSA]G.ME.GAR / [ina mul]UR.GU.LA / [iz-za-a]z-ma «[Ю]питер [во] Льве [сто]ит» [ARAK, 289:3–r. 1], см. также [ibid., 54:6–7; 228:13; LABS, 160:21; SpTU III, 101 r. 5; ACh Suppl. 2, 78 iv 4–6].

Example