AL.LUL: Difference between revisions
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{{DISPLAYTITLE: AL.LUL 𒀠𒈜}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE: AL.LUL 𒀠𒈜}} |
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[[File:Liocarcinus vernalis.jpg|alt=photograph|thumb|Vernal crab from the Belgian coastal waters on board of RV Belgica. CC BY-SA 4.0]] |
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The Mesopotamian term <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL = ''Alluttu'' means "Crab" and in astronomy refers to the constellation [[Cancer]], The Crab. |
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A schematic drawing of the ‘The Crab’ constellation is available on the Sippar Planisphere, Sector 2: 4 stars at the four corners of the drawing for its 2 front claws and 2 swiming legs, and 6 other smaller stars inside this square for the main part of its body. The small smudge at the top of the drawing might just be a partially erased 11th dot for ‘The Crab’s’ head as described in the Uranology D (MLC 1866) Beaulieu et. al 2018: 36, 40):<blockquote>The Crab is the seat of Anu, (It is shaped like) a quadrilateral 4 stars are depicted on its sides, with 6 stars next to each other inside it. 1 star is depicted on its head. </blockquote> |
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<sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL = ''Alluttu'' [https://xing.fmi.uni-jena.de/mediawiki/index.php?title=AL.LUL&veaction=edit Edit] |
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==Dictionary== |
==Dictionary== |
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===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
===Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim === |
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Variant readings: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LU<sub>5</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUB |
'''Variant readings:''' <sup>mul</sup>ALLA, <sup>mul</sup>ALLA<sub>x</sub> , <sup>mul</sup>AL.LU<sub>5</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUB |
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Need explanation and reason for no al.lub?? |
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* 1) a constellation in Cancer , |
* 1) a constellation in Cancer , |
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* 2) ziqpu XX, a group of stars in Cancer [AHw 38; CAD A/1, 360-361; G. 14; PSD A/3, 153; Salonen 1970, 156-158]. |
* 2) ziqpu XX, a group of stars in Cancer [AHw 38; CAD A/1, 360-361; G. 14; PSD A/3, 153; Salonen 1970, 156-158]. |
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* See also (Kurtik a21) ALLA, UŠU<sub>2</sub> |
* See also (Kurtik a21) ALLA, UŠU<sub>2</sub> |
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The Akkadian parallel for <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL "Crab" is <sup>mul</sup>''Alluttu.'' It corresponds to the zodiacal constellation Cancer; mostly in lexical texts and "Three Stars Each (Astroabes)". |
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see also (Kurtik k31) <sup>mul</sup>KUŠU<sub>2</sub> |
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k31K |
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'''Relation to Planet:''' Crab us ''Bit nişirtu'' of Jupiter |
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'''Philology:''' The reading of the Sumerian name mulal.lub rather than <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL in Urra XXII series is based on that in a school text from Susa (see CAD A<sub>I</sub> 351-352). <sup>mul</sup>ALLA (formerly ALLA<sub>x</sub>) is a first millennium Sumerian name for the constellation written with the sign NAGAR. |
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|'''Lexical texts.''' |
|'''Lexical texts.''' |
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* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: <sup>mul</sup>al.lu<sub>5</sub> [Emar IV/4, 154:115]. |
* (1) Unilingual Sumerian lists of stars: <sup>mul</sup>al.lu<sub>5</sub> [Emar IV/4, 154:115]. |
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* (2) |
* (2) Urra XXII series: <sup>mul</sup>al-lub = al-lu-ut-tum [Bloch-Horowitz 2015, 108:296′]; <sup>[mul]</sup>al.lul = al-lu-ut-tu<sub>ˆ</sub> [SpTU III, 114 Rs. iv 103]. |
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* (3) Antagal G 310: <sup>mul</sup>al.lul = sip-par<sup>ki</sup> "Crab=Sippar" [MSL XVII, 229]. " |
* (3) Antagal G 310: <sup>mul</sup>al.lul = sip-par<sup>ki</sup> "Crab=Sippar" [MSL XVII, 229]. " |
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|Example |
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|'''Three Stars Each (Astroabes).''' |
|'''Three Stars Each (Astroabes).''' |
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* Astrolabe P. |
* Astrolabe P. |
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** (1) The month of simanu, stars of Enlil, 60; |
** (1) The month of simanu, stars of Enlil, 60; |
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** (2) the month of tebetu, stars of Anu, 70 [Pinches 1900, 574-575]. |
** (2) the month of tebetu, stars of Anu, 70 [Pinches 1900, 574-575]. |
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* Astrolabe B. |
* Astrolabe B. |
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** (1) List (12´3): mul sa<sub>5</sub> ša ina zi im.kur.ra egir / <sup>d</sup>maš.tab.ba da <sup>d</sup>Gu-la gub-zu / aga ap-ru <sup>mul</sup>al-lu-ut-tum / mul <sup>d</sup>A-nim lugal "The red star that stands in the east after the Twins, alongside the asterism of <sup>d</sup>Gula, wearing the crown, (this is the) Crab, the asterism of Anu, near the King" (B ii 24-27); for a likely parallel see. [BPO 2, III, 33-33a; Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 181]; see also (Kurtik u11) UGA. |
** (1) List (12´3): mul sa<sub>5</sub> ša ina zi im.kur.ra egir / <sup>d</sup>maš.tab.ba da <sup>d</sup>Gu-la gub-zu / aga ap-ru <sup>mul</sup>al-lu-ut-tum / mul <sup>d</sup>A-nim lugal "The red star that stands in the east after the Twins, alongside the asterism of <sup>d</sup>Gula, wearing the crown, (this is the) Crab, the asterism of Anu, near the King" (B ii 24-27); for a likely parallel see. [BPO 2, III, 33-33a; Oelsner-Horowitz 1997-98, 181]; see also (Kurtik u11) UGA. |
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** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ab ... <sup>mul</sup>al-lu-ut-tum šu-ut <sup>d</sup>A-nim "The month Tebetu: ... Crab (in the way of) Anu (rising)" (C ii 10). |
** (2) List (3´12): [<sup>iti</sup>ab ... <sup>mul</sup>al-lu-ut-tum šu-ut <sup>d</sup>A-nim "The month Tebetu: ... Crab (in the way of) Anu (rising)" (C ii 10). |
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** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6m): sunrise is tebetu, sunset is duuzu [KAV 218, C 31, 20; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik g27) GU.LA; for a parallel see. [BPO 2, III 28a]. |
** (3) List (sunrise-sunset=6m): sunrise is tebetu, sunset is duuzu [KAV 218, C 31, 20; Horowitz 2014], see (Kurtik g27) GU.LA; for a parallel see. [BPO 2, III 28a]. |
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* BM 82923. Month Tebetu, stars Anu: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL // 1.10 // šu-bat An "Crab // 70 // Sitting Anu". [Walker-Hunger 1977, 30:29; Horowitz 2014]. |
* BM 82923. Month Tebetu, stars Anu: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL // 1.10 // šu-bat An "Crab // 70 // Sitting Anu". [Walker-Hunger 1977, 30:29; Horowitz 2014]. |
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* BM 34713. <sup>múl</sup>alla (twice!), see (Kurtik a21) ALLA. |
* BM 34713. <sup>múl</sup>alla (twice!), see (Kurtik a21) ALLA. |
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* '''"Round astrolabes."''' |
* '''"Round astrolabes."''' |
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** K.14943+: <sup>mul</sup>al.lul // 1.10 "Stars of Anu, month kislimu), Crab, 70". [CT 33, 12]. The stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil. The list of 12 stars of Anu (no. 9): <sup>mul</sup>al.lul [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. |
** K.14943+: <sup>mul</sup>al.lul // 1.10 "Stars of Anu, month kislimu), Crab, 70". [CT 33, 12]. The stars of Ea, Anu and Enlil. The list of 12 stars of Anu (no. 9): <sup>mul</sup>al.lul [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. |
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|[[File:Cnc Bab stellarium.jpg|alt=Stellarium map|thumb|Cancer constellation, painted by Jessica Gullberg for Stellarium, Babylonian (MUL.APIN) sky culture.]] |
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|EAE. |
|EAE. |
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|[[File:CNC Cancer Anu smh.jpg|alt=drawing of "Anu's Seat" in Cancer (star chart)|thumb|MUL.APIN lists "The Crab, The Seat of Anu" where "the seat" might be his throne or his temple. According to the reconstruction of the Anu-temple of Uruk by the DAI, this temple looks like a box. Here, we depict Anu sitting on his temple as his throne (drawing by Susanne M Hoffmann 2024, after Kay Elzner's drawing for Hoffmann 2021).]] |
|[[File:CNC Cancer Anu smh.jpg|alt=drawing of "Anu's Seat" in Cancer (star chart)|thumb|MUL.APIN lists "The Crab, The Seat of Anu" where "the seat" might be his throne or his temple. According to the reconstruction of the Anu-temple of Uruk by the DAI, this temple looks like a box. Here, we depict Anu sitting on his temple as his throne (drawing by Susanne M Hoffmann 2024, after Kay Elzner's drawing for Hoffmann 2021).]] |
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|'''"The Great Star List |
|'''"The Great Star List and Miscellania”''' |
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* (1) <sup>mul</sup>al.lul = ídidigna "Crab = Tigris River"; |
* (1) <sup>mul</sup>al.lul = ídidigna "Crab = Tigris River"; |
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* (2) mul.meš igi.meš ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>al.lul = ídidigna "Front stars of Crab = Tigris River"; |
* (2) mul.meš igi.meš ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>al.lul = ídidigna "Front stars of Crab = Tigris River"; |
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* (3) egir.meš-tum = ídburanunki "In the rear (Crab stars) = Euphrates River"; |
* (3) egir.meš-tum = ídburanunki "In the rear (Crab stars) = Euphrates River"; |
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* (4) See also Reynolds 2019: 297-298 |
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* ( |
* (5) astrological predictions: |
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** (a) igi. meš kur<sub>4</sub>.meš-ma sa<sub>5</sub>.me-ma ídidigna du-kam<sub>2</sub> "(If) the front stars (of the Crab) have great brilliance and are red: the Tigris will overflow," |
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** ( |
** (a) igi. meš kur<sub>4</sub>.meš-ma sa<sub>5</sub>.me-ma ídidigna du-kam<sub>2</sub> "(If) the front stars (of the Crab) have great brilliance and are red: the Tigris will overflow," |
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** ( |
** (b) murub<sub>4</sub>. meš sa<sub>5</sub>.me-ma zi im "(If) the middle (of the Crab star) are red: the wind will rise", |
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** (c) egir.meš sa<sub>5</sub>.me-ma ídburanunki du-kam<sub>2</sub> nim.meš / si.sa2.meš "(If) the hind (of the Crab stars) are red: the Euphrates will overflow and the early (harvest) will be abundant"; |
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* ( |
* (6) 12 Amurru stars [Mesop.Astrol, App. B:145, 148, 149, 150-153, 219]. |
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|'''Uranologies''' |
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* Description in VAT 9428, Obv. 13-15: |
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** <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL ''ap<sub>2</sub>-sa<sub>3</sub>-[m]a-ak-[ku'' 4] MUL.MEŠ ''ina i-tu-ti-ša<sub>2</sub> eṣ-ru / i-na li[b<sub>3</sub>-b]i-šu<sub>2</sub>-nu'' [6 MUL.MEŠ ''a-ḫi-i]nu-u<sub>2</sub>'' ''a-ḫa-meš rak-bu'' / 1 MUL ''ina'' SAG''-šu<sub>2</sub> e-[ṣir.'' . <sup>mul</sup>S]AG.ME.GAR ''ina'' IGI''-šu<sub>2</sub> e-ṣir'' |
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** "The crab (has the shape of) apsamakku (trapezoid, rectangle or square) ([AHw 61; CAD A/2, 192]). [4] stars are depicted on its circumference; within them [6 stars] follows [side by side] one after another; 1 star is depicted on its head. [Ju]piter is depicted in its front." [Weidner 1927, 73-76, 80-81; CAD A/1, 361; Beaulieu et al, 2018, 22-25]. |
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* Description in MLC 1866 (col. ii 18-20)=Uranology Text D: |
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** <sup>mul</sup>ALLA šu-bat d60 ap<sub>2</sub>-sa<sub>3</sub>-˹am-ma˺-ku 4 MUL ina A<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ-šu<sub>2</sub> / e-ṣir-uʼ ina lib<sub>3</sub>-bi-šu<sub>2</sub> 6 MUL a-ḫi-nu-u<sub>2</sub> a-[ḫ]a-meš U5 -uʼ / ˹1+en˺ MUL ina SAG-šu<sub>2</sub> e-ṣir ina pa-n[i-šu<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR GU]B-zu |
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** "The crab is the seat of Anu. (It is shaped like) a quadrangle. 4 stars are depicted on its sides, with 6 stars next to each other inside it. 1 star is depicted on its head. In the front [Jupiter sta]nds." [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 36, 40]. |
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* In the diagram from the Sippar Planisphere, the Crab corresponds to 10 dots, of which the 4 outermost ones form a square with 6 smaller dots inside [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 176-177, Segment 2], see also "''ziqpu''" below. |
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|[[File:Cnc AlRawi2001 details 300dpi.jpg|alt=illustration from paper |thumb|Drawing of AL.LUL on the Sippar Planisphere (W. Horowitz and F. N. H. Al-Rawi 2001), highlighting by Hoffmann 2024.]] |
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|'''Lists of ziqpu-stars.''' |
|'''Lists of ziqpu-stars.''' |
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* (3) VAT 16436: see a21ALLA. |
* (3) VAT 16436: see a21ALLA. |
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* (4) BM 38369+: TA <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL EN mula-lu-u[t-tum...] "From the Greater Twin to the Cra[b...]". [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:11]. |
* (4) BM 38369+: TA <sup>mul</sup>MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL EN mula-lu-u[t-tum...] "From the Greater Twin to the Cra[b...]". [Horowitz 1994a, 91-92:11]. |
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* (5) Sippar Planisphere: |
* (5) Sippar Planisphere (description, see above: Uranologies): |
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** a) ⅔ DANNA ana <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL "⅔ miles (200) to Crab" (rev. 19), |
** a) ⅔ DANNA ana <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL "⅔ miles (200) to Crab" (rev. 19), |
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** b) <sup>mul</sup><AL.LUL> (obv., Segment 2) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:19, 177]; see also BM 61677:11' [ibid. 180]. |
** b) <sup>mul</sup><AL.LUL> (obv., Segment 2) [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 171-173:19, 177]; see also BM 61677:11' [ibid. 180]. |
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|'''Late astrology, magic and the calendar.''' |
|'''Late astrology, magic and the calendar.''' |
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* (1) The Lunaries. (a) BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>al.lu<sub>5</sub> "at the vicinity of the Crab" [Ungnad 1941-44, 258-259:12, 25; Reiner 1995, 108; Emelyanov 1999, 193-194]. (b) BRM IV, 19, see a21ALLA. |
* (1) The Lunaries. (a) BRM IV, 20: ki <sup>mul</sup>al.lu<sub>5</sub> "at the vicinity of the Crab" [Ungnad 1941-44, 258-259:12, 25; Reiner 1995, 108; Emelyanov 1999, 193-194]. (b) BRM IV, 19, see a21ALLA. |
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* (2) Microzodiac. See a21ALLA. |
* (2) Microzodiac. See a21ALLA. |
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* (3) "Hypsomata." The Crab— Saturn's hypsomata, see s09SAG.ME.GAR. |
* (3) "Hypsomata." The Crab— Saturn's hypsomata, see s09SAG.ME.GAR. |
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* (4) W 23313/3: [DIŠ KI <sup>m</sup>]<sup>ul</sup>AL.LUL U<sub>3</sub>.TU [...] "[If] he, when the Crab (culminates), is born." [SpTU V, 265:3'] |
* (4) W 23313/3: [DIŠ KI <sup>m</sup>]<sup>ul</sup>AL.LUL U<sub>3</sub>.TU [...] "[If] he, when the Crab (culminates), is born." [SpTU V, 265:3'] |
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* (5) AO 6483: [...: <sup>múl</sup>al.lul] e<sub>3</sub>-a uš<sub>2</sub> <sup>giš</sup>tukul [...] "[If a child is born when..., (when) the Crab] appears: death by arms" [TU, 14 r. 38; Sachs 1952, 67, 70]. |
* (5) AO 6483: [...: <sup>múl</sup>al.lul] e<sub>3</sub>-a uš<sub>2</sub> <sup>giš</sup>tukul [...] "[If a child is born when..., (when) the Crab] appears: death by arms" [TU, 14 r. 38; Sachs 1952, 67, 70]. |
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* (6) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the moon and the position of the moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 135 rev. 10], see s20Sîn. |
* (6) Predictions based on observations of eclipses of the moon and the position of the moon and planets relative to the signs of the zodiac. BM 36746+: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 135 rev. 10], see s20Sîn. |
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* (7) In the "calendar" ritual texts of the Crab (ŠU/ALLA) corresponds to a recipe for an ointment: dām(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) al-lut-tu<sub>2</sub> u lipî(I<sub>3</sub>.UDU) al-lut-tu<sub>2</sub> MIN(= tapaššaš) "The blood of the crab, and the crab’s fat you smear". [SpTU III, 104: 4, 13, 17, 26, 30; 105:10, 23]; what exactly is meant here remains unclear. |
* (7) In the "calendar" ritual texts of the Crab (ŠU/ALLA) corresponds to a recipe for an ointment: dām(UŠ<sub>2</sub>) al-lut-tu<sub>2</sub> u lipî(I<sub>3</sub>.UDU) al-lut-tu<sub>2</sub> MIN(= tapaššaš) "The blood of the crab, and the crab’s fat you smear". [SpTU III, 104: 4, 13, 17, 26, 30; 105:10, 23]; what exactly is meant here remains unclear. |
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* (8) An extispicy including the correspondence between liver fragments, deities, months, and stars, see a21ALLA. |
* (8) An extispicy including the correspondence between liver fragments, deities, months, and stars, see a21ALLA. |
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'''II. Deity.''' |
'''II. Deity.''' |
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The name was recorded, as a rule, without the determinative d; absent from the lists of gods. On its connection with Anu see. MUL.APIN, I i 7 and BM 82923:29, and [BPO 2, III 33a]: <sup>d</sup>A-nim <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL; see also MLC 1866 col. ii 18: <sup>mul</sup>ALLA šu-bat |
The name was recorded, as a rule, without the determinative d; absent from the lists of gods. On its connection with Anu see. MUL.APIN, I i 7 and BM 82923:29, and [BPO 2, III 33a]: ''<sup>d</sup>A-nim'' <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL; see also MLC 1866 col. ii 18: <sup>mul</sup>ALLA ''šu-bat'' <sup>d</sup>60 [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 36]. The connection with Ninurta is attested in VAT 9436, Vs. II, 8f: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL ''nār''(I7) ''<sup>d</sup>nin-[g]ir<sub>2</sub>-su'' "The crab—the river of the god Ningirsu" [Weidner 1927, 80; 1941 194, Anm. 99; 1963 117, Anm. 9]; for a parallel see. [SpTU III, 101:5]. For the namburbi series, see. [Ebeling 1954, 12-13:7]. In astrological geography, the Crab correlates (a) with the Sippar, (b) the Tigris River; stars in front of the Crab—with the Tigris, the stars in the back—with the Euphrates [Weidner 1963] (see below) |
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'''III. Symbol.''' |
'''III. Symbol.''' |
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For astral images of the crab on seals from Uruk during the time of the Seleucids, see [AUWE 19, 154, 154]. See [AUWE 19, 154, No. 994-1000; Kurtik 2007, fig. 22-27, 46]. According to [Foxvog 1993, 107], the text W 22646 contains a list of zodiacal constellation symbols in which <sup>múl</sup>ALLA (designation of the zodiac sign Cancer) corresponds to A.MEŠ "waters". [SpTU II, 43:4, 21]. |
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Description in VAT 9428, Obv. 13-15: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL ap<sub>2</sub>-sa<sub>3</sub>-[m]a-ak-[ku 4] MUL.MEŠ ina i-tu-ti-ša<sub>2</sub> eṣ-ru / i-na li[b<sub>3</sub>-b]i-šu<sub>2</sub>-nu [6 MUL.MEŠ a-ḫi-i]nu-u<sub>2</sub> a-ḫa-meš rak-bu / 1 MUL ina SAG-šu<sub>2</sub> e-[ṣir. . <sup>mul</sup>S]AG.ME.GAR ina IGI-šu<sub>2</sub> e-ṣir "The crab (has the shape of) apsamakku (trapezoid, rectangle or square) ([AHw 61; CAD A/2, 192]). [4] stars are depicted on its circumference; within them [6 stars] follows [side by side] one after another; 1 star is depicted on its head. [Ju]piter is depicted in its front." [Weidner 1927, 73-76, 80-81; CAD A/1, 361; Beaulieu et al, 2018, 22-25]. Description in MLC 1866 (col. ii 18-20): <sup>mul</sup>ALLA šu-bat d60 ap<sub>2</sub>-sa<sub>3</sub>-˹am-ma˺-ku 4 MUL ina A<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ-šu<sub>2</sub> / e-ṣir-uʼ ina lib<sub>3</sub>-bi-šu<sub>2</sub> 6 MUL a-ḫi-nu-u<sub>2</sub> a-[ḫ]a-meš U5 -uʼ / ˹1+en˺ MUL ina SAG-šu<sub>2</sub> e-ṣir ina pa-n[i-šu<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>SAG.ME.GAR GU]B-zu "The crab is the seat of Anu. (It is shaped like) a quadrangle. 4 stars are depicted on its sides, with 6 stars next to each other inside it. 1 star is depicted on its head. In the front [Jupiter sta]nds." [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 36, 40]. In the diagram from the Sippar Planisphere, the Crab corresponds to 10 dots, of which the 4 outermost ones form a square with 6 smaller dots inside [Horowitz-al-Rawi 2001, 176-177, Segment 2]. For astral images of the crab on seals from Uruk during the time of the Seleucids, see [AUWE 19, 154, 154]. See [AUWE 19, 154, No. 994-1000; Kurtik 2007, fig. 22-27, 46]. According to [Foxvog 1993, 107], the text W 22646 contains a list of zodiacal constellation symbols in which múlALLA (designation of the zodiac sign Cancer) corresponds to A.MEŠ "waters". [SpTU II, 43:4, 21]. |
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'''VI. Astrology.''' |
'''VI. Astrology.''' |
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Predictions: |
Predictions: |
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(4) Lunar halo and Crab; DIŠ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-ma <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL ina ŠA<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB-iz / LUGAL URI.KI DIN ur-rak "If the moon is surrounded by a halo and the Crab stands in it: the life of the king of Akkad will last" [LABS, 113:6-7]; for parallels see. [ARAK, 6:5, 20:5, 55:1, 124:1-3, 299:1, 301:1, 317:1, 428:2, 429:2, 460:1, 482:4, 494:3, 543 r. 5, 7, 549 r. 2; Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:121]. |
(4) Lunar halo and Crab; DIŠ 30 TUR<sub>3</sub> NIGIN-''ma'' <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL ''ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub>-šu<sub>2</sub> GUB-iz / LUGAL URI.KI DIN ur-rak "If the moon is surrounded by a halo and the Crab stands in it: the life of the king of Akkad will last" [LABS, 113:6-7]; for parallels see. [ARAK, 6:5, 20:5, 55:1, 124:1-3, 299:1, 301:1, 317:1, 428:2, 429:2, 460:1, 482:4, 494:3, 543 r. 5, 7, 549 r. 2; Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:121]. |
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(5) Saturn & the Crab (observations); KI.GUB.BA-sa<sub>3</sub> GI.NA (gloss.: ma-za-as-sa ke-e-ne<sub>2</sub>) [xxxx] / ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL. LUL [xxxxxx] "Their positions are stable, [(this) means that Saturn stands] in the Crab" [ARAK, 39:4-5], [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ina [SA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL] / [iz]-za-az-[ma] "Saturn stands in the Crab" [ARAK, 39:8-r.1 ]. |
(5) Saturn & the Crab (observations); KI.GUB.BA-sa<sub>3</sub> GI.NA (gloss.: ma-za-as-sa ke-e-ne<sub>2</sub>) [xxxx] / ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL. LUL [xxxxxx] "Their positions are stable, [(this) means that Saturn stands] in the Crab" [ARAK, 39:4-5], [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>UDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ina [SA<sub>3</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL] / [iz]-za-az-[ma] "Saturn stands in the Crab" [ARAK, 39:8-r.1 ]. |
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(6) Jupiter & the Crab (observations); i-da-a-ti ki-ma [0] it-ta-an-ta-ḫ[a] / a-na <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL iq-ṭi-ri-ib "Later it (Jupiter) continued to move and approached the Crab" [ARAK, 84 r. 2-3]; see also [ibid. 323: 1-3]. |
(6) Jupiter & the Crab (observations); ''i-da-a-ti ki-ma [0] it-ta-an-ta-ḫ[a] / a-na'' <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL ''iq-ṭi-ri-ib'' "Later it (Jupiter) continued to move and approached the Crab" [ARAK, 84 r. 2-3]; see also [ibid. 323: 1-3]. |
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(7) Mars approaches the Crab; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN<sub>3</sub>-ma ana <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL TE NUN U[Š<sub>2</sub>] / ki-ma it-te-mid it-ti-ti-iz šu-u-tu<sub>2</sub> [i-lap-pat] / lum-nu ša KUR URI<sup>ki</sup> šu-u "If the Strange Star (= Mars) approaches the Crab: the ruler will die. / If it stops (and) stands, it is [an ominous sign]; it is an evil (omen) for Akkad." [ARAK, 101:7-9]; observations and warnings: [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu / [<sup>mul</sup>]AL.LUL ik-ta-šad / [LUGAL lu]-u<sub>2</sub> i-di / [0] lu la-ti-ik / a-di uṣ-ṣu-u<sub>2</sub> "Mars reached the Crab; [the king should] know (about it) and be careful before he comes out." [ARAK, 380:4-r.3]; for other examples, see [ARAK, 28:4-r.3]. [ARAK, 28:4, 80 r. 3, 452:6-r. 2, 462:1; LABS 8 r.5]; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL TE NIM.MA ZI URU DIB-bat [...] "If Mars approaches the Crab: the Elamites will attack, and the city will be captured [...]". [SpTU III, 101:6]. |
(7) Mars approaches the Crab; DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>MIN<sub>3</sub>-ma ana <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL TE NUN U[Š<sub>2</sub>] / ki-ma it-te-mid it-ti-ti-iz šu-u-tu<sub>2</sub> [i-lap-pat] / lum-nu ša KUR URI<sup>ki</sup> šu-u "If the Strange Star (= Mars) approaches the Crab: the ruler will die. / If it stops (and) stands, it is [an ominous sign]; it is an evil (omen) for Akkad." [ARAK, 101:7-9]; observations and warnings: [<sup>mu</sup>]<sup>l</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu / [<sup>mul</sup>]AL.LUL ik-ta-šad / [LUGAL lu]-u<sub>2</sub> i-di / [0] lu la-ti-ik / a-di uṣ-ṣu-u<sub>2</sub> "Mars reached the Crab; [the king should] know (about it) and be careful before he comes out." [ARAK, 380:4-r.3]; for other examples, see [ARAK, 28:4-r.3]. [ARAK, 28:4, 80 r. 3, 452:6-r. 2, 462:1; LABS 8 r.5]; DIŠ <sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL TE NIM.MA ZI URU DIB-bat [...] "If Mars approaches the Crab: the Elamites will attack, and the city will be captured [...]". [SpTU III, 101:6]. |
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(9) The Heliacal rising of Mercury in the Crab: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL a-dir / UDUG ḫab-lim KUR DIB-bat-ma / NAM.UŠ<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ ina KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ "If the Crab is dark: the spirit of an evil man will possess the country, death will be in the country". [ARAK, 477:6-r. 1]. |
(9) The Heliacal rising of Mercury in the Crab: DIŠ <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL a-dir / UDUG ḫab-lim KUR DIB-bat-ma / NAM.UŠ<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ ina KUR GAL<sub>2</sub>.MEŠ "If the Crab is dark: the spirit of an evil man will possess the country, death will be in the country". [ARAK, 477:6-r. 1]. |
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(10) Uriri and the Crab; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana ALLA KU.NU ḪUR AL GAM<sup>me</sup> "If the star Uriri (= comet?) approaches the Crab, ḪUR AL will die" (MUL.APIN II iii 25) [MA 110]. |
(10) ''Uriri'' and the Crab; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana ALLA KU.NU ḪUR AL GAM<sup>me</sup> "If the star Uriri (= comet?) approaches the Crab, ḪUR AL will die" (MUL.APIN II iii 25) [MA 110]. |
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(11) The Lunar eclipse in the Crab; [DIŠ 30 in]a ˹KI MUL˺.[MEŠ IGI.MEŠ ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR <sup>íd</sup>Idigna ...] "If the Moon eclipses near the vicinity of the stars of the Crab: the decision (pertains) to the River Tiger" [ABCD 219, BM 38164:1]; [DIŠ 30] ina KI MUL. MEŠ [EGIR.MEŠ ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR <sup>íd</sup>Pu-rat-tum...] "If the Moon eclipses in the hind region of the Crab: the solution (pertains) to the Euphrates river..." [ABCD 219, BM 38164:2]; for a parallel see. [NSAM 2, Texts IIa:4′-6′, IId:4′, IIg:3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1848:47-48] as well as the “Great Star List.” |
(11) The Lunar eclipse in the Crab; [DIŠ 30 in]a ˹KI MUL˺.[MEŠ IGI.MEŠ ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR <sup>íd</sup>Idigna ...] "If the Moon eclipses near the vicinity of the stars of the Crab: the decision (pertains) to the River Tiger" [ABCD 219, BM 38164:1]; [DIŠ 30] ina KI MUL. MEŠ [EGIR.MEŠ ša<sub>2</sub> <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR <sup>íd</sup>Pu-rat-tum...] "If the Moon eclipses in the hind region of the Crab: the solution (pertains) to the Euphrates river..." [ABCD 219, BM 38164:2]; for a parallel see. [NSAM 2, Texts IIa:4′-6′, IId:4′, IIg:3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1848:47-48] as well as the “Great Star List.” |
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==== (a18) <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL ==== |
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|вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LU<sub>5</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUB, <sup>mul</sup>ALLA; = <sup>mul</sup>''alluttu'' «Краб»; 1) созвездие в Раке (Canсer), 2) ''ziqpu'' XX, группа звезд в Раке [AHw 38; CAD A/1, 360–361; G. 14; PSD A/3, 153; Salonen 1970, 156–158]. См. также a21ALLA, k31KUŠU<sub>2</sub>. |
|вар. чтения: <sup>mul</sup>AL.LU<sub>5</sub>, <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUB, <sup>mul</sup>ALLA; = <sup>mul</sup>''alluttu'' «Краб»; 1) созвездие в Раке (Canсer), 2) ''ziqpu'' XX, группа звезд в Раке [AHw 38; CAD A/1, 360–361; G. 14; PSD A/3, 153; Salonen 1970, 156–158]. См. также a21ALLA, k31KUŠU<sub>2</sub>. |
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==== (a22) <sup>mul</sup>''Alluttu'' ==== |
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|аккадская параллель для <sup>mul</sup>AL.LUL «Краб»; соответствует зодиакальному созвездию Рак (Cancer); в основном в лексических текстах и «астролябиях», см. a18AL.LUL||Example |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]] |
*[[References (Babylonian)|Kurtik's references]] |
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[[Category:Mesopotamian]] |
[[Category:Mesopotamian]] |
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[[Category:Sumerian]] |
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[[Category:Constellation]] |
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[[Category:West Asian]] |
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[[Category:Eurasia]] |
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[[Category:Cuneiform]] |
[[Category:Cuneiform]] |
Latest revision as of 09:25, 27 August 2024
The Mesopotamian term mulAL.LUL = Alluttu means "Crab" and in astronomy refers to the constellation Cancer, The Crab.
A schematic drawing of the ‘The Crab’ constellation is available on the Sippar Planisphere, Sector 2: 4 stars at the four corners of the drawing for its 2 front claws and 2 swiming legs, and 6 other smaller stars inside this square for the main part of its body. The small smudge at the top of the drawing might just be a partially erased 11th dot for ‘The Crab’s’ head as described in the Uranology D (MLC 1866) Beaulieu et. al 2018: 36, 40):
The Crab is the seat of Anu, (It is shaped like) a quadrilateral 4 stars are depicted on its sides, with 6 stars next to each other inside it. 1 star is depicted on its head.
Dictionary
Krebernik (2023)
AL.LUL = alluttu. “crab”. mulAL.LUL (EN 9l).
Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim
Variant readings: mulALLA, mulALLAx , mulAL.LU5, mulAL.LUB
mulALLA; = mulalluttu "Crab";
- 1) a constellation in Cancer ,
- 2) ziqpu XX, a group of stars in Cancer [AHw 38; CAD A/1, 360-361; G. 14; PSD A/3, 153; Salonen 1970, 156-158].
- See also (Kurtik a21) ALLA, UŠU2
The Akkadian parallel for mulAL.LUL "Crab" is mulAlluttu. It corresponds to the zodiacal constellation Cancer; mostly in lexical texts and "Three Stars Each (Astroabes)".
see also (Kurtik k31) mulKUŠU2
Relation to Planet: Crab us Bit nişirtu of Jupiter
Philology: The reading of the Sumerian name mulal.lub rather than mulAL.LUL in Urra XXII series is based on that in a school text from Susa (see CAD AI 351-352). mulALLA (formerly ALLAx) is a first millennium Sumerian name for the constellation written with the sign NAGAR.
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Lexical texts.
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Three Stars Each (Astroabes).
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EAE.
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MUL.APIN.
(1) The list of the stars of Enlil (no. 7): mulAL.LUL šu-bat dA-nim "Constellation Crab, in the seat of Anu" (I i 7), parallel in MLC 1866 (col. ii 18). (2) List of dates of heliacal risings: ina itiŠU UD 5 KAM mulMAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR u mulAL.LUL IGIme "On the 5th of duuzu the Small Twins and Crab become visible" (I ii 41). (3) The list of ziqpu-stars: mulAL.LUL (I iv 6). (4) Asterisms "in the way of the Moon": mulAL.LUL, after mulMAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL, before mulUR.GU.LA (I iv 34), see (Kurtik s20) Sîn. (5) Astrological predictions: (II iii 25-27) [MA 20, 41, 59, 68, 110-111]. |
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"The Great Star List and Miscellania”
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"Letters" and "Reports".
The name of the constellation occurs in 27 reports and 4 letters [LABS 378a; ARAK 349a]. Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu. See. [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:121]. |
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Uranologies
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Lists of ziqpu-stars.
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GU-text.
(D) mulal.[lu]l kimin mulmuš mul˹ban˺ / u gir3II šumēli(150) ša lu-maš mulk]ak.si.sa2 gu "Crab (ε Cnc) or Snake (β Cnc), Bow (η CMa) and the left leg of the Arrow constellation (π Pup): rope". [Pingree-Walker 1988, 315:5-6]. (E) 5 uš egir mula[l.l]ul kimin dsag.me.gar ša2 egir mulal.lul / ina igi ˹mul˺ur.gu.˹la˺ gub u lu-<maš> mulkak.si. sa2 gu "5 uš behind the Crab, or Jupiter, who stands behind the Crab before the Lion, and the constellation Arrow (ρ Pup): rope [ibid. 315:7-8]; Koch's identification of the stars in this equation: mulal.lul is ε Cnc, mulmuš is 1 Hya, or 30 Mon, or 2 Hya, mulban is ρ Pup, gir3II šumēlû(150) ša lu-maš mulk]ak.si.sa2 is 11 CMa, or Pulk55 1121m, or Paris 8170 [Koch 1992, 56]; see Pingri's objections. [ASM, 90-98]. |
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Dalbanna-text.
§O. mulal.lul "Crab" (δ, θ Cnc), see (Kurtik m18) MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR. |
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Text W22281a.
[ina] i[tiDU6 UD 1]5 KAM2 KI KUR ša2 dŠamaš(UTU) 5 UŠ EGIR mulA[L.L]UL? x ziq-pi G[UB...] / [...mu]l[KA]K.SI.S[A2 ...] "[1]5 [Tebet] at sunrise (point) 50 east of the Cr[ab] [...] at the peak [...] Sir[us...]" [SpTU I, 95:15'-16'; ASM 99]. |
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Late astrology, magic and the calendar.
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II. Deity.
The name was recorded, as a rule, without the determinative d; absent from the lists of gods. On its connection with Anu see. MUL.APIN, I i 7 and BM 82923:29, and [BPO 2, III 33a]: dA-nim mulAL.LUL; see also MLC 1866 col. ii 18: mulALLA šu-bat d60 [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 36]. The connection with Ninurta is attested in VAT 9436, Vs. II, 8f: mulAL.LUL nār(I7) dnin-[g]ir2-su "The crab—the river of the god Ningirsu" [Weidner 1927, 80; 1941 194, Anm. 99; 1963 117, Anm. 9]; for a parallel see. [SpTU III, 101:5]. For the namburbi series, see. [Ebeling 1954, 12-13:7]. In astrological geography, the Crab correlates (a) with the Sippar, (b) the Tigris River; stars in front of the Crab—with the Tigris, the stars in the back—with the Euphrates [Weidner 1963] (see below)
III. Symbol.
For astral images of the crab on seals from Uruk during the time of the Seleucids, see [AUWE 19, 154, 154]. See [AUWE 19, 154, No. 994-1000; Kurtik 2007, fig. 22-27, 46]. According to [Foxvog 1993, 107], the text W 22646 contains a list of zodiacal constellation symbols in which múlALLA (designation of the zodiac sign Cancer) corresponds to A.MEŠ "waters". [SpTU II, 43:4, 21].
VI. Astrology.
Identifications:
(1) = Mars; mulLUL.LA mulAL.LUL "Lyra Asterism = Crab" [BPO 2, III 7a].
(2) = Goat-Fish; mulAL.LUL a-na mulSUḪUR.MAŠ2 i-qab-bi ma-a suḫur-ma-šu-u2 "The Crab is so said to denote the Goat-Fish, namely, suḫurmāšu." [BPO 2, III 28b].
(3) = Entenabarhum; MUL ša2 EGIR-šu2 DU-zu mulEN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM / mulEN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM mulAL.LUL "The asterism that stands behind it (i.e. behind mulŠU.GI) is Entenabarhum. Entenabarhum = Crab" [ACh Ištar, 25:75; BPO 2, III 35a].
Predictions:
(4) Lunar halo and Crab; DIŠ 30 TUR3 NIGIN-ma mulAL.LUL ina ŠA3-šu2 GUB-iz / LUGAL URI.KI DIN ur-rak "If the moon is surrounded by a halo and the Crab stands in it: the life of the king of Akkad will last" [LABS, 113:6-7]; for parallels see. [ARAK, 6:5, 20:5, 55:1, 124:1-3, 299:1, 301:1, 317:1, 428:2, 429:2, 460:1, 482:4, 494:3, 543 r. 5, 7, 549 r. 2; Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:121].
(5) Saturn & the Crab (observations); KI.GUB.BA-sa3 GI.NA (gloss.: ma-za-as-sa ke-e-ne2) [xxxx] / ina ŠA3 mulAL. LUL [xxxxxx] "Their positions are stable, [(this) means that Saturn stands] in the Crab" [ARAK, 39:4-5], [mu]lUDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ina [SA3 mulAL.LUL] / [iz]-za-az-[ma] "Saturn stands in the Crab" [ARAK, 39:8-r.1 ].
(6) Jupiter & the Crab (observations); i-da-a-ti ki-ma [0] it-ta-an-ta-ḫ[a] / a-na mulAL.LUL iq-ṭi-ri-ib "Later it (Jupiter) continued to move and approached the Crab" [ARAK, 84 r. 2-3]; see also [ibid. 323: 1-3].
(7) Mars approaches the Crab; DIŠ mulMIN3-ma ana mulAL.LUL TE NUN U[Š2] / ki-ma it-te-mid it-ti-ti-iz šu-u-tu2 [i-lap-pat] / lum-nu ša KUR URIki šu-u "If the Strange Star (= Mars) approaches the Crab: the ruler will die. / If it stops (and) stands, it is [an ominous sign]; it is an evil (omen) for Akkad." [ARAK, 101:7-9]; observations and warnings: [mu]lṣal-bat-a-nu / [mul]AL.LUL ik-ta-šad / [LUGAL lu]-u2 i-di / [0] lu la-ti-ik / a-di uṣ-ṣu-u2 "Mars reached the Crab; [the king should] know (about it) and be careful before he comes out." [ARAK, 380:4-r.3]; for other examples, see [ARAK, 28:4-r.3]. [ARAK, 28:4, 80 r. 3, 452:6-r. 2, 462:1; LABS 8 r.5]; DIŠ dṣal-bat-a-nu mulAL.LUL TE NIM.MA ZI URU DIB-bat [...] "If Mars approaches the Crab: the Elamites will attack, and the city will be captured [...]". [SpTU III, 101:6].
(8) The Goat (=Venus) approaches the Crab; [DIŠ] mulUZ3 a-na mulAL.LUL TE-ḫi / taš-mu-u2 u sa-li-mu ina KUR GAL2-ši / DINGIR.MEŠ ana KUR ARḪUŠ TUK. MEŠ ... mulUZ3 dDil-bat "[If] the Goat approaches the Crab: there will be reconciliation and peace in the country; the gods will have mercy on the country; the empty bins will be filled; the country's crops will be abundant; pregnant women will bear their babies at their allotted time; the great gods will leave (temporarily) the country's shrines; the great gods' temples will be restored, (this will happen because) Goat = Venus." [ARAK, 175: r. 1-7]; for parallels see. [ARAK, 247:8-r. 6; LABS, 88 r. 5-11].
(9) The Heliacal rising of Mercury in the Crab: DIŠ mulAL.LUL a-dir / UDUG ḫab-lim KUR DIB-bat-ma / NAM.UŠ2.MEŠ ina KUR GAL2.MEŠ "If the Crab is dark: the spirit of an evil man will possess the country, death will be in the country". [ARAK, 477:6-r. 1].
(10) Uriri and the Crab; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana ALLA KU.NU ḪUR AL GAMme "If the star Uriri (= comet?) approaches the Crab, ḪUR AL will die" (MUL.APIN II iii 25) [MA 110].
(11) The Lunar eclipse in the Crab; [DIŠ 30 in]a ˹KI MUL˺.[MEŠ IGI.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR ídIdigna ...] "If the Moon eclipses near the vicinity of the stars of the Crab: the decision (pertains) to the River Tiger" [ABCD 219, BM 38164:1]; [DIŠ 30] ina KI MUL. MEŠ [EGIR.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR ídPu-rat-tum...] "If the Moon eclipses in the hind region of the Crab: the solution (pertains) to the Euphrates river..." [ABCD 219, BM 38164:2]; for a parallel see. [NSAM 2, Texts IIa:4′-6′, IId:4′, IIg:3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1848:47-48] as well as the “Great Star List.”
(12) Mercury in the Crab; DIŠ MUL.MEŠ IGI.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL SA5.MEŠ-ma ZI IM / dGUD.UD ina ŠA3 DU-ma "If the stars in front of the Crab are red: the wind rises. (It means): that Mercury is standing in it." [BPO 2, III 7-b-c].
See also [Rochberg-Halton 1987, TCL 6 13 col. ii obv. 19, 25; 1984, BM 36746+ rev. 2, 10; SpTU I, 96:4].
Historical Dictionaries
Kurtik (2022, a18 & A22) | Gössmann (1950) |
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(a18) mulAL.LUL |
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вар. чтения: mulAL.LU5, mulAL.LUB, mulALLA; = mulalluttu «Краб»; 1) созвездие в Раке (Canсer), 2) ziqpu XX, группа звезд в Раке [AHw 38; CAD A/1, 360–361; G. 14; PSD A/3, 153; Salonen 1970, 156–158]. См. также a21ALLA, k31KUŠU2.
I. Источники. Лексич. тексты. (1) Одноязычные шумерские списки звезд: mulal.lu5 [Emar IV/4, 154:115]. (2) Серия Ura XXII: mulal-lub = al-lu-ut-tum [Bloch–Horowitz 2015, 108:296′]; [mul]al.lul = al-lu-ut-tu4 [SpTU III, 114 Rs. iv 103]. (3) Antagal G 310: mulal.lul = sip-parki «Краб=Сиппар» [MSL XVII, 229]. «Астролябии». Astrolabe P. (1) Месяц симану, звезды Энлиля, 60; (2) месяц тебету, звезды Ану, 70 [Pinches 1900, 574–575]. Astrolabe B. (1) Список (12´3): mul sa5 ša ina zi im.kur.ra egir / dmaš.tab.ba da dGu-la gub-zu / aga ap-ru mulal-lu-ut-tum / mul dA-nim lugal «Красная звезда, которая стоит на востоке поcле Близнецов, Гула, несущая корону, (это) Краб, звезда Ану, вблизи Царя» (B ii 24–27); вероятная параллель см. [BPO 2, III, 33–33a; Oelsner–Horowitz 1997–98, 181]; см. также u11UGA. (2) Cписок (3´12): [itiab … mulal-lu-ut-tum šu-ut dA-nim «Месяц тебету: … Краб (на пути) Ану (восходит)» (C ii 10). (3) Список (восход-заход=6m): восход — тебету, заход — дуузу [KAV 218, C 31, 20; Horowitz 2014], см. g27GU.LA; параллель см. [BPO 2, III 28a]. BM 82923. Месяц тебету, звезды Ану: mulAL.LUL // 1,10 // šu-bat An «Краб // 70 // Сидение Ану» [Walker–Hunger 1977, 30:29; Horowitz 2014]. BM 34713. múlalla (дважды!), см. a21ALLA. «Круглые астролябии». K.14943+: mulal.lul // 1,10 «Звезды Ану, месяц кислиму), Краб, 70» [CT 33, 12]. Звезды Эа, Ану и Энлиля. Список 12 звезд Ану (№ 9): mulal.lul [TCL 6, 13; Rochberg-Halton 1987b, 212]. ЕАЕ. См. [ABCD 219: BM 38164 Obv. col. ii 1, 3; BPO 2, III 7a–b, 28a–b, 33a, 35a, XV 11–13; NSAM 2, 246; SpTU III, 101:5–7]. MUL.APIN. (1) Список звезд Энлиля (№ 7): mulAL.LUL šu-bat dA-nim «Созвездие Краб, место Ану» (I i 7), параллель в MLC 1866 (col. ii 18). (2) Список дат гелиакических восходов: ina itiŠU UD 5 KAM mulMAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR u mulAL.LUL IGIme «5-го дуузу Малые Близнецы и Краб становятся видны» (I ii 41). (3) Список ziqpu-звезд: mulAL.LUL (I iv 6). (4) Звезды «на пути Луны»: mulAL.LUL, после mulMAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL, перед mulUR.GU.LA (I iv 34), см. s20Sîn. (5) Астрологические предсказания: (II iii 25–27) [MA 20, 41, 59, 68, 110–111]. «Большой список звезд». (1) mulal.lul = ídidigna «Краб = река Тигр»; (2) mul.meš igi.meš ša2 mulal.lul = ídidigna «Передние звезды Краба = река Тигр»; (3) egir.meš-tum = ídburanunki «Задние (звезды Краба) = река Евфрат»; (4) астрологические предсказания: a) igi.meš kur4.meš-ma sa5.me-ma ídidigna du-kam2 «(Если) передние звезды (Краба) имеют большой блеск и красные: Тигр разольется», b) murub4.meš sa5.me-ma zi im «(Если) средние (звезды Краба) красные: поднимется ветер», c) egir.meš sa5.me-ma ídburanunki du-kam2 nim.meš / si.sa2.meš «(Если) задние (звезды Краба) красные: Евфрат разольется и ранний (урожай) будет обильным»; (5) 12 звезд Амурру [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:145, 148, 149, 150–153, 219]. «Письма» и «Рапорты». Название созвездия встречается в 27 рапортах и 4 письмах [LABS 378a; ARAK 349a]. Šumma Sîn ina tāmartīšu. См. [Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:121]. MLC 1866. См. ниже «Символ», а также k09KAK.BAN. Списки ziqpu-звезд. (1) AO 6478: a) 3 MA.˹NA˺ [⅓ MA] MIN(=šuqultu) | ⅔ DANNA i-na KI.MIN(= ina qaqqari) | 36 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN(=ina šamê) / TA mulMAŠ.TAB.BA EGIR-i | EN mulAL.LUL «3[⅓ ми]ны веса, 200 на земле, 36000 миль на небе / От Заднего Близнеца до Рака», b) 3 MA.NA ⅓ MA MIN | ⅔ DANNA i-na KI.MIN | 36 IGI DANNA ina KI.MIN / TA mulAL.LUL | EN 2 MUL.MEŠ ša2 SAG.DU mulUR.GU.LA «3⅓ мины веса, 200 на земле, 36000 миль на небе / От Краба до 2 звезд на голове Льва» [Thureau-Dangin 1913 217:9–12; TU, 21 r. 9–12; HBA 133; Schaumberger 1952, 228–229]. (2) VAT 16437: ⅔ DANNA a-na mulAL.L[UL] «200 до Краба» [Schaumberger 1952, 225:14]. (3) VAT 16436: см. a21ALLA. (4) BM 38369+: TA mulMAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL EN mula-lu-u[t-tum…] «От Больших Близнецов до Кра[ба…]» [Horowitz 1994a, 91–92:11]. (5) Sippar Planisphere: a) ⅔ DANNA ana mulAL.LUL «⅔ мили (200) до Краба» (rev. 19), b) mul<AL.LUL> (obv., Segment 2) [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 171–173:19, 177]; см. также BM 61677:11' [ibid. 180]. GU-текст. (D) mulal.[lu]l kimin mulmuš mul˹ban˺ / u gir3II šumēli(150) ša lu-maš mulk]ak.si.sa2 gu «Краб (ε Cnc) или Змея (β Cnc), Лук (η CMa) и левая нога созвездия Стрела (π Pup): веревка» [Pingree–Walker 1988, 315:5–6]. (E) 5 uš egir mula[l.l]ul kimin dsag.me.gar ša2 egir mulal.lul / ina igi ˹mul˺ur.gu.˹la˺ gub u lu-<maš> mulkak.si.sa2 gu «5 uš позади Краба, или Юпитер, который стоит позади Краба перед Львом, и созвездие Стрела (ρ Pup): веревка [ibid. 315:7–8]; отождествление Коха звезд в этом уравнивании: mulal.lul — ε Cnc, mulmuš — 1 Hya, или 30 Mon, или 2 Hya, mulban — ρ Pup, gir3II šumēlû(150) ša lu-maš mulk]ak.si.sa2 — 11 CMa, или Pulk55 1121m, или Paris 8170 [Koch 1992, 56]; возражения Пингри см. [ASM, 90–98]. Dalbanna-текст. §O. mulal.lul «Краб» (δ, θ Cnc), см. m18MAŠ.TAB.BA.TUR.TUR. Текст W22281a. [ina] i[tiDU6 UD 1]5 KAM2 KI KUR ša2 dŠamaš(UTU) 5 UŠ EGIR mulA[L.L]UL? x ziq-pi G[UB…] / […mu]l[KA]K.SI.S[A2 …] «[1]5-го [тебету] при восходе Солнца (точка) в 50 к востоку от Кр[аб]а […] в кульминации […] Сири[ус…]» [SpTU I, 95:15'–16'; ASM 99]. Поздняя астрология, магия и календарь. (1) «Лунарии». a) BRM IV, 20: ki mulal.lu5 «Область Краба» [Ungnad 1941–44, 258–259:12, 25; Reiner 1995, 108; Емельянов 1999, 193–194]. b) BRM IV, 19, см. a21ALLA. (2) «Микрозодиак». См. a21ALLA. (3) «Гипсома». Краб — гипсома Сатурна, см. s09SAG.ME.GAR. (4) W 23313/3: [DIŠ KI m]ulAL.LUL U3.TU […] «[Если] он, когда Краб (кульминирует), родился» [SpTU V, 265:3']. (5) AO 6483: […: múlal.lul] e3-a uš2 gištukul […] «[Если ребенок родился, когда…, (когда) Краб] появляется: смерть от оружия» [TU, 14 r. 38; Sachs 1952, 67, 70]. (6) Предсказания, основанные на наблюдениях затмений Луны и положений Луны и планет относительно знаков зодиака. BM 36746+: mulAL.LUL [Rochberg-Halton 1984, 135 rev. 10], см. s20Sîn. (7) В «календарных» ритуальных текстах Крабу (ŠU/ALLA) соответствует рецепт мази: dām(UŠ2) al-lut-tu2 u lipî(I3.UDU) al-lut-tu2 MIN(= tapaššaš) «Кровь краба, жир краба ты намазываешь» [SpTU III, 104: 4, 13, 17, 26, 30; 105:10, 23]; что при этом конкретно имеется в виду, остается неясным. (8) Экстиспиция, включающая соответствие между фрагментами печени, божествами, месяцами и звездами, см. a21ALLA. II. Божество. Название записывалось, как правило, без детерминатива d; отсутствует в списках богов. О его связи с Ану см. MUL.APIN, I i 7 и BM 82923:29, а также [BPO 2, III 33a]: dA-nim mulAL.LUL; см. также MLC 1866 col. ii 18: mulALLA šu-bat d60 [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 36]. Связь с Нинуртой засвидетельствована в VAT 9436, Vs. II, 8f: mulAL.LUL nār(I7) dnin-[g]ir2-su «Краб ― река бога Нингирсу» [Weidner 1927, 80; 1941 194, Anm. 99; 1963 117, Anm. 9]; параллель см. [SpTU III, 101:5]. В серии намбурби см. [Ebeling 1954, 12–13:7]. В астрологической географии Краб соотносится: a) c Сиппаром, b) рекой Тигр; передние звезды Краба — с Тигром, задние звезды — с Евфратом [Weidner 1963] (см. ниже). III. Символ. Описание в VAT 9428, Obv. 13–15: mulAL.LUL ap2-sa3-[m]a-ak-[ku 4] MUL.MEŠ ina i-tu-ti-ša2 eṣ-ru / i-na li[b3-b]i-šu2-nu [6 MUL.MEŠ a-ḫi-i]n-nu-u2 a-ḫa-meš rak-bu / 1 MUL ina SAG-šu2 e-[ṣir... mulS]AG.ME.GAR ina IGI-šu2 e-ṣir «Краб (имеет форму) apsamakku (трапеция, прямоугольник или квадрат) ([AHw 61; CAD A/2, 192]). [4] звезды изображены на его окружности; внутри их [6 звезд] следуют [рядом] друг за другом; 1 звезда на его голове изображена. [Ю]питер впереди его изображен» [Weidner 1927, 73–76, 80–81; CAD A/1, 361; Beaulieu et al, 2018, 22–25]. Описание в MLC 1866 (col. ii 18–20): mulALLA šu-bat d60 ap2-sa3-˹am-ma˺-ku 4 MUL ina A2.MEŠ-šu2 / e-ṣir-uʼ ina lib3-bi-šu2 6 MUL a-ḫi-nu-u2 a-[ḫ]a-meš U5 -uʼ / ˹1+ en˺ MUL ina SAG-šu2 e-ṣir ina pa-n[i-šu2 mulSAG.ME.GAR GU]B-zu «Краб — сидение Ану. (Он имеет форму) четырехугольника. 4 звезды изображены по его сторонам, внутри его 6 звезд рядом друг за другом следуют. 1 звезда на его голове изображена. Впереди [Юпитер сто]ит» [Beaulieu et al, 2018, 36, 40]. На диаграмме из Sippar Planisphere Крабу соответствует 10 точек, из них 4 крайние образуют квадрат, внутри которого 6 более мелких точек [Horowitz–al-Rawi 2001, 176–177, Segment 2]. Астральные изображения краба на печатях из Урука селевкидского времени см. [AUWE 19, 154, No. 994–1000; Куртик 2007, рис. 22–27, 46]. Согласно [Foxvog 1993, 107], текст W 22646 содержит список символов зодиакальных созвездий, в котором múlALLA (обозначение знака зодиака Рак) соответствует A.MEŠ «воды» [SpTU II, 43:4, 21]. IV. Отождествление: Как созвездие: = приблизительно Cancer, в особенности ι Cancri [G. 14]; = α CМi, хотя признается, что в некоторых случаях al.lu5 обозначает знак зодиака Cancer [Waerden 1949, 21, note 21; 1974, 73, 76]; = Э.Вайднер рассматривает α CMi в качестве ведущей звезды созвездия [Weidner 1957–59, 77]; = Cancer [BPO 2, 7, 10; MA, 137; Mesop.Astrol. 207, App. C; ASM, 272; Horowitz 2014, 245; ibid. 2018, 71]; = γ δ ε (Praesepe) + η θ ι Cancri [Koch 1995, 58, Anm. 15]; см. также [Koch 1993, 187, Anm. 10]. Как ziqpu-звезда: Число звезд в múlALLA = 10, согласно, VAT 16436:11 [Schaumberger 1952, 226]; = Praesepe (Ясли) in Cancer (группа звезд) [Schaumberger 1952, 226]; = ε Cnc + Praesepe [ASM, 88]. V. Части созвездия и отдельные звезды: (1) MUL2 IGI ša2 ALLA ša2 SI «Передняя звезда Краба к северу» (η Cancri); (2) MUL2 IGI ša2 ALLA ša2 ULU3 «Передняя звезда Краба к югу» (θ Cancri); (3) MUL2 ar2 ša2 ALLA ša2 SI «Задняя звезда Краба к северу» (γ Cancri); (4) MUL2 ar2 ša2 ALLA ša2 ULU3 «Задняя звезда Краба к югу» (δ Cancri); четыре указанные звезды входили в число «нормальных звезд», см. m39MUL2.ŠID.MEŠ. В «Большом списке звезд» подразделяется на три части: (5) «Передние звезды...» (см. выше); (6) murub4.meš «Cрединные (звезды)» [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:151]; (7) «Задние (звезды)» (см. выше). В астрологии подразделяется на две части: (9) MUL.MEŠ IGI.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL «Передние звезды Краба» [BPO 2, III 7b], см. также [BPO 2, XV 13 + Parallels; ABCD 219, BM 38168: obv. ii 1'; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1849 rev. 47]. (10) MUL.MEŠ EGIR.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL «Задние звезды Краба» [ABCD 219, BM 38168: obv. ii 2'; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1849 rev. 48]; cм. также: MUL2 ar2me ša2 ALLA «Задние звезды Краба» [ADRT I, -381:4]. (11) Правая и левая стороны ALLA упоминаются в MUL.APIN II iii 26–27, см. u01U.RI.RI. (12) MUL2?MEŠ IGI?.˹MEŠ˺ u ar2.MEŠ ša2 ALLA «передние и задние звезды Краба» [Roughton–Steele–Walker, Sect. 10: rev. v 2′]. VI. Астрология. Отождествления: (1) = Марс; mulLUL.LA mulAL.LUL «Звезда Лжец = Краб» [BPO 2, III 7a]. (2) = Коза-Рыба; mulAL.LUL a-na mulSUḪUR.MAŠ2 i-qab-bi ma-a suḫur-ma-šu-u2 «Краб ― так говорят, чтобы обозначить Козу-Рыбу, а именно, suḫurmāšu» [BPO 2, III 28b]. (3) = Энтенабархум; MUL ša2 EGIR-šu2 DU-zu mulEN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM / mulEN.TE.NA.BAR.ḪUM mulAL.LUL «Звезда, которая позади него (т.е. позади mulŠU.GI) стоит — Энтенабархум. Энтенабархум = Краб» [ACh Ištar, 25:75; BPO 2, III 35a]. Предсказания: (4) Лунное гало и Краб; DIŠ 30 TUR3 NIGIN-ma mulAL.LUL ina ŠA3-šu2 GUB-iz / LUGAL URI.KI DIN ur-rak «Если Луна окружена гало, и Краб стоит в нем: жизнь царя Аккада продлится» [LABS, 113:6–7]; параллели см. [ARAK, 6:5, 20:5, 55:1, 124:1–3, 299:1, 301:1, 317:1, 428:2, 429:2, 460:1, 482:4, 494:3, 543 r. 5, 7, 549 r. 2; Koch-Westenholz 1999, 161:121]. (5) Сатурн и Краб (наблюдения); KI.GUB.BA-sa3 GI.NA (глосса: ma-za-as-sa ke-e-ne2) [xxxx] / ina ŠA3 mulAL.LUL [xxxxx] «Их положения стабильны, [(это) означает, что Сатурн стоит] в Крабе» [ARAK, 39:4–5], [mu]lUDU.IDIM.SAG.UŠ ina [SA3 mulAL.LUL] / [iz]-za-az-[ma] «Сатурн стоит в Крабе» [ARAK, 39:8–r.1]. (6) Юпитер и Краб (наблюдение); i-da-a-ti ki-ma [0] it-ta-an-ta-ḫ[a] / a-na mulAL.LUL iq-ṭi-ri-ib «Позднее он (Юпитер) продолжил движение и приблизился к Крабу» [ARAK, 84 r. 2–3]; см. также [ibid. 323: 1–3]. (7) Марс приближается к Крабу; DIŠ mulMIN3-ma ana mulAL.LUL TE NUN U[Š2] / ki-ma it-te-mid it-ti-ti-iz šu-u-tu2 [i-lap-pat] / lum-nu ša KUR URIki šu-u «Если Странная Звезда (= Марс) приближается к Крабу: правитель умрет. / Если он останавливается (и) стоит, это [зловещий знак]; это злое (предзнаменование) для Аккада» [ARAK, 101:7–9]; наблюдение и предупреждение: [mu]lṣal-bat-a-nu / [mul]AL.LUL ik-ta-šad / [LUGAL lu]-u2 i-di / [0] lu la-ti-ik / a-di uṣ-ṣu-u2 «Марс достиг Краба; [царь дол]жен знать (об этом) и быть осторожным, пока он не вышел» [ARAK, 380:4–r.3]; другие примеры см. [ARAK, 28:4, 80 r. 3, 452:6–r. 2, 462:1; LABS 8 r.5]; DIŠ dṣal-bat-a-nu mulAL.LUL TE NIM.MA ZI URU DIB-bat […] «Если Марс к Крабу приближается: нападение Элама, город будет захвачен […]» [SpTU III, 101:6]. (8) Коза (=Венера) приближается к Крабу; [DIŠ] mulUZ3 a-na mulAL.LUL TE-ḫi / taš-mu-u2 u sa-li-mu ina KUR GAL2-ši / DINGIR.MEŠ ana KUR ARḪUŠ TUK.MEŠ … mulUZ3 dDil-bat «[Если] Коза приближается в Крабу: в стране наступит примирение и мир; боги смилуются над страной; пустые закрома наполнятся; урожай страны будет обильным; беременные женщины будут вынашивать своих младенцев положенное время; великие боги покинут (временно) святилища страны; храмы великих богов будут восстановлены, (это произойдет, поскольку): Коза = Венера» [ARAK, 175: r. 1–7]; параллели см. [ARAK, 247:8–r. 6; LABS, 88 r. 5–11]. (9) Гелиакический восход Меркурия в Крабе: DIŠ mulAL.LUL a-dir / UDUG ḫab-lim KUR DIB-bat-ma / NAM.UŠ2.MEŠ ina KUR GAL2.MEŠ «Если Краб темный: дух злого человека овладеет страной, смерти будут в стране» [ARAK, 477:6–r. 1]. (10) Урири и Краб; DIŠ U.RI.RI ana ALLA KU.NU ḪUR AL GAMme «Если звезда Урири (= комета?) приближается к Крабу, ḪUR AL умрут» (MUL.APIN II iii 25) [MA 110]. (11) Лунное затмения в Крабе; [DIŠ 30 in]a ˹KI MUL˺.[MEŠ IGI.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR ídIdigna …] «Если Луна затмилась в области передних звезд Краба: решение (относится) к реке Тигр» [ABCD 219, BM 38164:1]; [DIŠ 30] ina KI MUL.MEŠ [EGIR.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL a-dir EŠ.BAR ídPu-rat-tum…] «Если Луна затмилась в области задних звезд Краба: решение (относится) к реке Евфрат…» [ABCD 219, BM 38164:2]; параллель см. [NSAM 2, Texts IIa:4′–6′, IId:4′, IIg:3′; Weidner 1963 118, MNB 1848:47–48], а также «Большой список звезд». (12) Меркурий в Крабе; DIŠ MUL.MEŠ IGI.MEŠ ša2 mulAL.LUL SA5.MEŠ-ma ZI IM / dGUD.UD ina ŠA3 DU-ma «Если передние звезды Краба красные: восход ветра. (Это означает): Меркурий стоит в нем» [BPO 2, III 7–b–c]. См. также [Rochberg-Halton 1987, TCL 6 13 col. ii obv. 19, 25; 1984, BM 36746+ rev. 2, 10; SpTU I, 96:4]. |
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(a22) mulAlluttu |
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аккадская параллель для mulAL.LUL «Краб»; соответствует зодиакальному созвездию Рак (Cancer); в основном в лексических текстах и «астролябиях», см. a18AL.LUL | Example |