Honores Friderici

Honores Friderici in Bode (1801), highlighting within the historical boundaries by WGSN.

This obsolete constellation was invented in France, but became more famous after a renaming in Prussia. In both cases, the constellation depicts some symbols of honour and admiration for the contemporary ruler. The Latin term "Honores" means honour. As a political constellation, it became obsolete with the global standardization of constellations by the IAU in the 1920s.

Etymology and History

Bode's creation

The young mathematician Johann E. Bode (1747-1826) named a constellation in honour of the Prussian king in German "Friedrichsehre", which can be translated as "honour of Frederick", the deceased king of Prussia. In Bode's greatest atlas, the Uranographia (1801), the constellation is depicted as a sceptre with laurel branches and a ribbon, and a crown on top. It's a named area without any recognizable star pattern.

The same depiction is inserted in the 1805 edition of his earlier (smaller) celestial atlas in German, first published in 1782 (without this new constellation). In this book, "Anleitung zur Kenntniß des gestirnten Himmels - Vorstellung der Gestirne", Bode's target group is the broad public and not an academic audience. He adds the new constellation in the Andromeda map (Tafel III) but not in the Pegasus map (Tafel XII). On Tafel XII, Andromeda's right arm is drawn as described in Ptolemy's Almagest with the hand marked by the stars κ, λ, ι And. In contrast, on Tafel III which shows the new constellation, Andromeda's arm had to be moved eastwards.

Royer's Sceptrum 1679 and Bode's constellation "Honores Fridericis" 1801 and 1805 mapped to the Stellarium star chart (SMH 2025).

In the first edition of his 1782 celestial atlas, Bode does not yet have the new constellation "Friedrichsehre". He only adds it in a later edition: the third edition (1805) appeared after the showpiece "Uranographia" in 1801. There, it was added to the headline "Triangel" (Triangulum) which is the wrong place, as Triangulum is southeast of Andromeda and his new constellation northwest of her.

Star Catalogue for Bode's Map

id	description	ident.	Vmag
1	westernmore in the head of the scepter	λ And	3.82
2	south of the head of the scepter, at the ribbon	κ And	4.14
3	next to the one south of the head of the scepter	ι And	4.29
4	in the head of the scepter	ψ And	4.966
5	at the end of the scepter	ο And	3.62
6	above the one at the end of the scepter	2 And	5.25
7	the southern one of the two in the laurel branch at the end of the scepter	HIP 113802	6.42
8	the northern one of them	HIP 113750	6.43
9	at the tip of the leaf of the laurel branch at the end of the scepter	4 And	5.294
10	at the ribbon next to the laurel branch at the end of the scepter	HIP 114981	6.4
11	the one in the middle bottom part of the scepter	6 And	5.9
12	the one where the feather leaf intersects the scepter	13 And	5.736
13	at the end of the ribbon in the middle of the scepter	15 And	5.563
14	at the end of the feather leaf	14 And	5.2
15	the lonely one under the entire ornament	12 And	5.765
16	westernmost in the feather leaf	3 And = HIP 113919	4.6
17	in the feather leaf	5 And	5.65
18	in the feather leaf	7 And	4.5
19	in the feather leaf	8 And	4.8
20	in the feather leaf	11 And	5.4
21	lower in the northernmost laurel branch	HIP 115996	6.15
22	upper one in the northernmost laurel branch	18 And	5.35

Marked only in the Uranographia (not enough stars in the 1805 edition)

id	description	ident.	Vmag
		HIP 116940
		HIP 116941
		HIP116582 A
		HIP 117340 A
	crown	HIP 112731
	crown	HIP 113561
	crown	HIP 114622
	crown	HIP 114924
	crown	HIP 114162
	crown	HIP 113501
		...

Bode's predecessor Royer

Although Bode does not mention any sources, it is frequently pointed out that Bode's constellation likely was inspired by the earlier French invention of the constellation "Sceptrum" by Augustin Royer who lived in the time of Louis XIV. Royer had dedicated two constellations in honour to his king, the "Sun King" of the absolutist monarchy: the French national emblem, the Lily (Lilium, today surviving in the star name Lilii Borea), and the Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae (Latin for "The Scepter and the Hand of Justice"). As Royer had obtained his star coordinates from the Carthusian monk Anthelme Voituret (1618-1683), whose work is not independently preserved but only in Royer's correction for the equinox 1700, it remains unknown who of the two invented this constellation.

Royer's constellation was larger than Bode's as it also covered the area of Lacerta. Royer seems to have covered the empty area first, but in Bode's time Hevelius's influencial atlas had defined the Lizard there, and Bode had to shift Andromeda's arm to make room for the sceptrum.

Star Catalogue for Royer's Map

id	description	ident.	Vmag
1	the one in the middle of the hand	α Lac	3.77
2	the one at the pointer finger of the hand	β Lac	4.4
3	the one where the thumb joins	4 Lac	4.55
4	the one where the little finger joins	9 Lac	4.6
5	the eastern one of the three in the scepter	8 And	4.8
6	the middle one of them	7 And	4.5
7	the western one of them	3 And	4.6
8	the one at the root of the hand	5 Lac	4.3
9	the eastern one at the intersection of scepter and hand	11 Lac	4.5
10	the western one of them	6 lac	4.5
11	the northern one of the two at the end of the scepter	HIP 109754	4.65
12	the southern one of them	1 Lac	4.1
13	the easternmost at the ribbon around the intersection	15 Lac	4.95
14	the southern one of the two at bottom part of the stick of the hand	10 Lac	4.85
15	the northern one of them	8 Lac	5.65
16	the one at the ribbon, west of the hand	2 Lac	4.55
17	the one at the western end of this ribbon	HIP 109102	5.05

Gloria Frederici in Alexander Jamieson's atlas (WGSN).

Variant: Gloria

Ian Ridpath pointed out that the international derivatives of Bode's Uranographia (1801) occasionally offered the variant "Gloria" instead of "Honores". Jamieson’s atlas named it Gloria Frederici, as did Urania's Mirror, while Burritt had the slightly different Gloria Frederica (both Burritt and Urania’s Mirror copied from Jamieson, who in turn relied on Bode as primary source).

Transformation and Variants

• 

  Constellation "Sceptrum" invented by Augustin Royer (1679).

• 

  Constellation "Friedrichsehre" as drawn by Bode (1782).

• 

  Constellation "Friedrichsehre" in the third edition of Bode's popular (small) 1782 atlas "Anleitung zur Kenntniß des gestirnten Himmels".

• 

  Bode 1782, map of Pegasus with the area between Lac and And unnamed and the hand of Andromeda drawn as described in the Almagest (not further east as in the same atlas, Andromeda-map - where he squeezed in Honores Fridericis).

• 

  Bode (1782) star catalogue in a later edition (1805) where "Friedrichsehre" is written at the wrong position.

• 

  Honores Fridericis in Bode's Uranographia (1801).

• 

  Gloria Frederici in Alexander Jamieson's atlas (WGSN).

• 

  Gloria Frederici in Urania's Mirror (WGSN).

• 

  Gloria Frederica in Burritt's atlas (WGSN).

IAU Working Group on Star Names

In 2023, it was suggested to keep the memory of this obsolete constellation by naming a star "Honores" or "Gloria" without any political reference - neither the French nor the German. The general concept of "honour" or "glory" of all humans who support science - might that be as taxpayers, political rulers or patrons - could be honoured with this star name. The brightest stars of the obsolete constellation are λ And (3.8 mag) κ And (4.15 mag) ι And (4.25 mag) and ο And (3.7 mag). λ And has an ancient Babylonian star name (Asidu ša U₈.KA.DU₈.A), and κ, ι And form the hand of Andromeda in the Almagest. Thus, ο And (3.7 mag) is recommended for the name "Honores".

WGSN decided ... in the IAU-CSN.

Reference

• References (general)
• References (early modern)
• Ian Ridpath's website (Star Tales )