Argo: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Argo over time (smh 2024).gif|alt=animated GIF for Argo|thumb|animated GIF of the transformation of the constellation Argo over the course of the centuries from ancient Greek to modern depictions (map: Stellarium) ]]
Argo Navis (short: Argo) is one of the constellations of the Almagest star catalogue (137 CE) that became standardized by common usage of several cultures in the subsequent centuries. In the Early Modern Era, the constellation was changed and finally included in the set of constellations, globally defined by the IAU over the course of the 1920s.
Argo Navis (short: Argo) is one of the constellations of the Almagest star catalogue (137 CE) that became standardized by common usage of several cultures in the subsequent centuries. In the Early Modern Era, the constellation was changed and finally included in the set of constellations, globally defined by the IAU over the course of the 1920s.


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===Ptolemy's Almagest===
===Ptolemy's Almagest===
Argo, The Ship is one of the southern constellations.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Caption text
|-
!No.!!English translation (Toomer 1984)!!ident.
|-
| 1||The more advanced of the 2 stars in the stern-ornament||11 (e) Pup
|-
|2||The rearmost of them||rho Pup
|-
|3||The northernmost of the 2 stars close together over the little shield in the poop
|xi Pup
|-
|4||The southernmost of them||o Pup
|-
|5
|The star in advance of these
|m Pup
HR 2944
|-
|6
|The bright star in the middle of the little shield
|HR 2948 +29
|-
|7
|The most advanced of the 3 stars under the little shield
|p Pup
HR 2922
|-
|8
|The rearmost of them
|3 Pup
|-
|9
|The middle one of the three
|1 Pup
|-
|10
|The star on the goose[-neck]
|HR 3113
|-
|11
|The northernmost of the 2 stars in the stern-keel
|?
|-
|12
|The southernmost of them
|pi Pup
|-
|13
|Stars in the poop-deck:
1. the northernmost
|f Pup
HR 2937
|-
|14
|2. the most advanced of the next 3
|HR 2961 + 64
|-
|15
|3. the middle one
|c Pup
HR 3017
|-
|16
|4. the rearmost of the three
|b Pup
HR 3084
|-
|17
|5. the bright star on the deck to the rear of these
|zet Pup
|-
|18
|6. the more advanced of the 2 faint stars under the bright one
|a Pup
HR 3080
|-
|19
|7. the rearmost of them
|HR 3162
|-
|20
|8. the more advanced of the 2 stars over the above-mentioned bright one
|h1 Pup
HR 3225
|-
|21
|9. the rearmost of them
|h2 Pup
HR 3243
|-
|22
|The northernmost of the 3 stars on the little shields, about on the mast holder
|HR 3439
|-
|23
|The middle one
|d Vel
HR 3477
|-
|24
|The southernmost of the three
|e Vel
HR 3426
|-
|25
|The northernmost of the 2 stars close together under these
|*a Vel
HR 3487
|-
|26
|The southernmost of them
|*b Vel
HR 3445
|-
|27
|The southernmost of the 2 stars in the middle of the mast
|bet Pyx
|-
|28
|The northernmost of them
|alf Pyx
|-
|29
|The more advanced of the 2 stars by the tip of the mast
|gam Pyx
|-
|30
|The rearmost of them
|del Pyx
|-
|31
|The star below the 3rd and rearmost little shield
|lam Vel
|-
|32
|The star on the cut-off of the deck
|psi Vel
|-
|33
|The star between the steering-oars, in the keel
|sig Pup
|-
|34
|The faint star to the rear of this
|HR 3055
|-
|35
|The bright star to the rear of this, under the deck
|gam Vel
|-
|36
|The bright star to the south of this, on the lower [part of the] keel
|chi Car
|-
|37
|The most advanced of the 3 stars to the rear of this
|omi Vel
|-
|38
|The middle one
|del Vel
|-
|39
|The rearmost of the three
|HR 3498
|-
|40
|The more advanced of the 2 stars to the rear of these, near the cut-off
|kap Vel
|-
|41
|The rearmost of them
|N Vel
HR 3803
|-
|42
|The more advanced of the 2 stars in the northern, advance steering-oar
|eta Col
|-
|43
|The rearmost of them
|nu Pup
|-
|44
|The more advanced of the 2 stars in the other steering-oar, called Canopus
|alf Car
|-
|45
|The other, rearmost star
|tau Pup
|}


===Bayer's Uranometria===
===Bayer's Uranometria===
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===de Houtman's Star Catalogue===
===de Houtman's Star Catalogue===


== Mentions in ancient literature ==


== References ==
=== Aratus ===

==== Phainomena 342: ====
Ἡ δὲ Κυνὸς μεγάλοιο κατ' οὐρὴν ἕλκεται Ἀργὼ

πρυμνόθεν·

Beside the tail of the Great Dog the ship Argo is hauled stern-foremost.

==== Phainomena 348: ====
ὣς ἥ γε πρύμνηθεν Ἰησονὶς ἕλκεται Ἀργώ.

Even so is the Argo of Jason borne along stern-foremost.

=== Other names ===
''Ratis'' (Manilius I, 623 and 694; Germanicus 622 and 683), ''Cymba'' (Avienus 757), ''Carina'' (Germanicus 374; Avienus 808), ''Puppis'' (Cic. Arat. 34; 389)
==Transformation Images==
<gallery>
File:Argo almagest.jpg|Argo stickfigure according to the Almagest (published in Stellarium 2021)
File:Argo almagest+farnese.jpg|Argo stickfigure according to the Almagest and drawing from the contemporary Farnese marble Globe (both published in Stellarium 2021).
File:Argo farnese.jpg|Argo as drawn on the Farnese Globe (Stellarium 2021).
File:Argo leidenAratea.jpg|Argo in the Leiden Aratea (published in Stellarium 2022)
File:Argo earlymodern stickfig.jpg|Argo early modern stick figure (here first published)
File:Argo bayer1603.jpg|Argo drawn in Bayer (1603)
File:Argo doppelmayr1742.jpg|Argo drawn by Doppelmayr (1742)
File:Argo Bode1782.jpg|Argo drawn by Bode (1782)
</gallery>

== Splitting Argo up into three constellations ==
In 1755, Nicolas Louis de Lacaille divided Argo into the three modern constellations that occupy much of the same area: Carina (the keel), Puppis (the poop deck or stern), and Vela (the sails).

In his 1768 ''Coelum Australe Stelliferum'', Lacaille divided the more than 160 stars in the constellation into the regions ''Argûs in carina'' (Carina, the keel), ''Argûs in puppi'' (Puppis, the stern), and ''Argûs in velis'' (Vela, the sails).

==References==

* [[References|References (general)]]
* [[References (Medieval and Early Modern)|References (early modern)]]
* Ian Ridpath's website ([http://ianridpath.com/startales/argo.html Argo], [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/argo2.html Argo_2])


[[Category: Eurasia]]
[[Category: Eurasia]]
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[[Category: Modern]]
[[Category: Modern]]
[[Category: Almagest]]
[[Category: Almagest]]
[[Category:88 IAU-Constellations]]
[[Category:4work]]

Latest revision as of 21:14, 4 September 2024

animated GIF for Argo
animated GIF of the transformation of the constellation Argo over the course of the centuries from ancient Greek to modern depictions (map: Stellarium)

Argo Navis (short: Argo) is one of the constellations of the Almagest star catalogue (137 CE) that became standardized by common usage of several cultures in the subsequent centuries. In the Early Modern Era, the constellation was changed and finally included in the set of constellations, globally defined by the IAU over the course of the 1920s.

Babylonian Constellation

In the place of the Greek Argo, the Babylonian uranology recognizes the constellations of the Harrow and the Asterism of Eridu.

The Babylonian uranology does contain a constellation of a ship or rather a boat but this is at the opposite site of the sky, frequently identified with the stars in the modern constellations Sgr, CrA and Cap (or only CrA).

Transformation of Argo

Ptolemy's Almagest

Argo, The Ship is one of the southern constellations.

Caption text
No. English translation (Toomer 1984) ident.
1 The more advanced of the 2 stars in the stern-ornament 11 (e) Pup
2 The rearmost of them rho Pup
3 The northernmost of the 2 stars close together over the little shield in the poop xi Pup
4 The southernmost of them o Pup
5 The star in advance of these m Pup

HR 2944

6 The bright star in the middle of the little shield HR 2948 +29
7 The most advanced of the 3 stars under the little shield p Pup

HR 2922

8 The rearmost of them 3 Pup
9 The middle one of the three 1 Pup
10 The star on the goose[-neck] HR 3113
11 The northernmost of the 2 stars in the stern-keel ?
12 The southernmost of them pi Pup
13 Stars in the poop-deck:

1. the northernmost

f Pup

HR 2937

14 2. the most advanced of the next 3 HR 2961 + 64
15 3. the middle one c Pup

HR 3017

16 4. the rearmost of the three b Pup

HR 3084

17 5. the bright star on the deck to the rear of these zet Pup
18 6. the more advanced of the 2 faint stars under the bright one a Pup

HR 3080

19 7. the rearmost of them HR 3162
20 8. the more advanced of the 2 stars over the above-mentioned bright one h1 Pup

HR 3225

21 9. the rearmost of them h2 Pup

HR 3243

22 The northernmost of the 3 stars on the little shields, about on the mast holder HR 3439
23 The middle one d Vel

HR 3477

24 The southernmost of the three e Vel

HR 3426

25 The northernmost of the 2 stars close together under these *a Vel

HR 3487

26 The southernmost of them *b Vel

HR 3445

27 The southernmost of the 2 stars in the middle of the mast bet Pyx
28 The northernmost of them alf Pyx
29 The more advanced of the 2 stars by the tip of the mast gam Pyx
30 The rearmost of them del Pyx
31 The star below the 3rd and rearmost little shield lam Vel
32 The star on the cut-off of the deck psi Vel
33 The star between the steering-oars, in the keel sig Pup
34 The faint star to the rear of this HR 3055
35 The bright star to the rear of this, under the deck gam Vel
36 The bright star to the south of this, on the lower [part of the] keel chi Car
37 The most advanced of the 3 stars to the rear of this omi Vel
38 The middle one del Vel
39 The rearmost of the three HR 3498
40 The more advanced of the 2 stars to the rear of these, near the cut-off kap Vel
41 The rearmost of them N Vel

HR 3803

42 The more advanced of the 2 stars in the northern, advance steering-oar eta Col
43 The rearmost of them nu Pup
44 The more advanced of the 2 stars in the other steering-oar, called Canopus alf Car
45 The other, rearmost star tau Pup

Bayer's Uranometria

de Houtman's Star Catalogue

Mentions in ancient literature

Aratus

Phainomena 342:

Ἡ δὲ Κυνὸς μεγάλοιο κατ' οὐρὴν ἕλκεται Ἀργὼ

πρυμνόθεν·

Beside the tail of the Great Dog the ship Argo is hauled stern-foremost.

Phainomena 348:

ὣς ἥ γε πρύμνηθεν Ἰησονὶς ἕλκεται Ἀργώ.

Even so is the Argo of Jason borne along stern-foremost.

Other names

Ratis (Manilius I, 623 and 694; Germanicus 622 and 683), Cymba (Avienus 757), Carina (Germanicus 374; Avienus 808), Puppis (Cic. Arat. 34; 389)

Transformation Images

Splitting Argo up into three constellations

In 1755, Nicolas Louis de Lacaille divided Argo into the three modern constellations that occupy much of the same area: Carina (the keel), Puppis (the poop deck or stern), and Vela (the sails).

In his 1768 Coelum Australe Stelliferum, Lacaille divided the more than 160 stars in the constellation into the regions Argûs in carina (Carina, the keel), Argûs in puppi (Puppis, the stern), and Argûs in velis (Vela, the sails).

References