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<sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA<sup>(ki)</sup> is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
<sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA<sup>(ki)</sup> (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒆠) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.
==Concordance, Etymology, History==
==Dictionary==
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
=== Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim ===
Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>elam.ma<sup>(ki)</sup>; = <sup>mul</sup>Elamtu "Star of Elam"; 1) epithet of Mars, 2) epithet of Venus [G. 312; Brown 2000, 60; Reynolds 1998, 352].
Var. reading: <sup>mul</sup>elam.ma<sup>(ki)</sup>; = <sup>mul</sup>''Elamtu'' "Star of Elam";

Var. designations:

* 1) epithet of Mars,
* 2) epithet of Venus [Gössmann<ref>''Gössmann P.F''. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).</ref> 312; Brown 2000<ref>''Brown D.'' Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.</ref>, 60; Reynolds 1998<ref>''Reynolds F.'' Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.</ref>, 352].

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|'''Lexical texts.'''
|'''Lexical texts.'''
In the series Ḫg. B VI:
⚫
In the series Ḫg. B VI: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = (space) = MIN (=<sup>d</sup>Ṣal-[bat-a-nu]) "Star of Elam = Mars" [MSL XI, 40:37], parallel: <sup>mul d</sup>nim.ma = MIN [...] [SpTU III, 116 r. iii 6].

⚫
* <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = (space) = MIN (=<sup>d</sup>''Ṣal''-[''bat-a-nu'']) "Star of Elam = Mars" [MSL XI, 40:37], parallel: <sup>mul d</sup>nim.ma = MIN [...] [SpTU III<ref>''Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk.'' Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.</ref>, 116 r. iii 6].
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|'''EAE.'''
|'''EAE.'''
See. [BPO 2<ref name=":0">''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).</ref>, I 13; III<ref>''Reiner E., Pingree D''. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.</ref> 11-11a, 11c].
See. [BPO 2, I 13, III 11-11a, 11c].
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|'''"Reports."'''
|'''"Reports."'''
See. [ARAK<ref name=":1">''Hunger H.'' Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).</ref>, 302 r. 2].
See. [ARAK, 302 r. 2].
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|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."''' 
|'''"Great Star List and Miscellenia."''' 

(1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>ṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 names of Mars (7 zik-ru-šu<sub>2</sub>): <sup>ul</sup>nim.ma<sup>ki</sup> [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:94, 238].
* (1) List of names of Mars: <sup>mul</sup>nim.ma = <sup>d</sup>min(=<sup>d</sup>''ṣal-bat-a-nu'');
* (2) 7 names of Mars (7 ''zik-ru-šu''<sub>2</sub>): <sup>ul</sup>nim.ma<sup>ki</sup> [Mesop.Astrol.<ref>''Koch-Westenholz U''. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.</ref>, App. B:94, 238].
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=== Additional ===
=== Additional ===
            '''II. Astrology.'''


==== II. Astrology. ====
            Elam was regarded as Mesopotamia's chief enemy in the east for a long time. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Star of Elam was identified with Mars and regarded as a source of unfavorable predictions.
            Elam was regarded as Mesopotamia's chief enemy in the east for a long time. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Star of Elam was identified with Mars and regarded as a source of unfavorable predictions.


             (1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA ana EN.TE.NA "Star of Elam for (predicting) cold" [BPO 2, I 13, III 11].
            (1) General astrological meaning; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA ''ana'' EN.TE.NA "Star of Elam for (predicting) cold" [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, I 13, III 11].


            (2) The Star of Elam, Mars, and the Anzu Bird; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>mul</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu <sup>mul d</sup>IM.D[UGUD<sup>mušen</sup>] "The Star of Elam is Mars, [the Bird of] A[nzu]" [BPO 2, III 11a], see also i07[[IM.DUGUDmušen|<sup>d</sup>IM.DUGUD<sup>mušen</sup>]].
            (2) The Star of Elam, Mars, and the Anzu Bird; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>mul</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu'' <sup>mul d</sup>IM.D[UGUD<sup>mušen</sup>] "The Star of Elam is Mars, [the Bird of] A[nzu]" [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, III 11a], see also (Kurtik i07) [[IM.DUGUDmušen|<sup>d</sup>IM.DUGUD<sup>mušen</sup>]].


            (3) Star of Elam = Mars in Scorpius; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>d</sup>NIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU <sup>d</sup>Li<sub>9</sub>-si<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB qa-bi <sup>d</sup>Ṣal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA<sub>3</sub> DU-ma "The star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of the underworld; so they say, (referring to) the Fox, Scorpius, (when) Mars stands in it" [BPO 2, III 11c, V 1]; see also [Lambert 1987, 94].
            (3) Star of Elam = Mars in Scorpius; <sup>mul</sup>NIM.MA <sup>d</sup>NIN.A.ZU EN KI-''tim'' MU <sup>d</sup>''Li''<sub>9</sub>-''si''<sub>4</sub> <sup>mul</sup>GIR<sub>2</sub>.TAB ''qa-bi'' <sup>d</sup>''Ṣal-bat-a-nu ina'' ŠA<sub>3</sub> DU-''ma'' "The star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of the underworld; so they say, (referring to) the Fox, Scorpius, (when) Mars stands in it" [BPO 2<ref name=":0" />, III 11c, V 1]; see also [Lambert 1987a<ref>''Lambert W.G.'' Babylonian Astrological Omens and Their Stars / JAOS. 1987. V. 107. Р. 93-96.</ref>, 94].


            (4) Venus = the star of Elam; <sup>mul</sup>Dil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI [ARAK, 302 r. 2].
            (4) Venus = the star of Elam; <sup>mul</sup>''Dil-bat'' MUL KUR.NIM.KI [ARAK<ref name=":1" />, 302 r. 2].


== Historical Dictionaries ==
== Historical Dictionaries ==
{| class="wikitable"
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! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022)
! scope="col" style="width: 60%;" | Kurtik (2022, n23)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)
! scope="col" style="width: 40%;" | Gössmann (1950)
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Latest revision as of 06:03, 11 November 2025

mulNIM.MA(ki) (𒀯𒉏𒈠𒆠) is an ancient Mesopotamian asterism.

Concordance, Etymology, History

Kurtik with Hilder, Hoffmann, Horowitz, Kim

Var. reading: mulelam.ma(ki); = mulElamtu "Star of Elam";

Var. designations:

  • 1) epithet of Mars,
  • 2) epithet of Venus [Gössmann[1] 312; Brown 2000[2], 60; Reynolds 1998[3], 352].
Sources Identifications
Lexical texts.

In the series Ḫg. B VI:

  • mulnim.ma = (space) = MIN (=dṢal-[bat-a-nu]) "Star of Elam = Mars" [MSL XI, 40:37], parallel: mul dnim.ma = MIN [...] [SpTU III[4], 116 r. iii 6].
EAE.

See. [BPO 2[5], I 13; III[6] 11-11a, 11c].

"Reports."

See. [ARAK[7], 302 r. 2].

"Great Star List and Miscellenia." 
  • (1) List of names of Mars: mulnim.ma = dmin(=dṣal-bat-a-nu);
  • (2) 7 names of Mars (7 zik-ru-šu2): ulnim.maki [Mesop.Astrol.[8], App. B:94, 238].

Additional

II. Astrology.

            Elam was regarded as Mesopotamia's chief enemy in the east for a long time. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Star of Elam was identified with Mars and regarded as a source of unfavorable predictions.

            (1) General astrological meaning; mulNIM.MA ana EN.TE.NA "Star of Elam for (predicting) cold" [BPO 2[5], I 13, III 11].

            (2) The Star of Elam, Mars, and the Anzu Bird; mulNIM.MA mulṢal-bat-a-nu mul dIM.D[UGUDmušen] "The Star of Elam is Mars, [the Bird of] A[nzu]" [BPO 2[5], III 11a], see also (Kurtik i07) dIM.DUGUDmušen.

            (3) Star of Elam = Mars in Scorpius; mulNIM.MA dNIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU dLi9-si4 mulGIR2.TAB qa-bi dṢal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA3 DU-ma "The star of Elam is Ninazu, the lord of the underworld; so they say, (referring to) the Fox, Scorpius, (when) Mars stands in it" [BPO 2[5], III 11c, V 1]; see also [Lambert 1987a[9], 94].

            (4) Venus = the star of Elam; mulDil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI [ARAK[7], 302 r. 2].

Historical Dictionaries

Kurtik (2022, n23) Gössmann (1950)
вар. чтения: mulelam.ma(ki); = mulElamtu «Звезда Элама»; 1) эпитет Марса, 2)  эпитет Венеры [G. 312; Brown 2000, 60; Reynolds 1998, 352].

I. Источники.

Лексич. тексты. В серии Ḫg. B VI: mulnim.ma = (пробел) = MIN (=dṢal-[bat-a-nu]) «Звезда Элама = Марс» [MSL XI, 40:37], параллель: mul dnim.ma = MIN […] [SpTU III, 116 r. iii 6]. EAE. Cм. [BPO 2, I 13, III 11–11a, 11c]. «Рапорты». См. [ARAK, 302 r. 2]. «Большой список звезд».  (1) Список имен Марса: mulnim.ma = dmin(=dṣal-bat-a-nu); (2) 7 имен Марса (7 zik-ru-šu2): ulnim.maki [Mesop.Astrol., App. B:94, 238].

II. Астрология.

Элам считался главным врагом Месопотамии на востоке на протяжении долгого времени. Неудивительно поэтому, что «Звезда Элама» отождествлялась с Марсом и рассматривалась как источник неблагоприятных предсказаний.

(1) Общее астрологическое значение; mulNIM.MA ana EN.TE.NA «Звезда Элама для (предсказания) холода» [BPO 2, I 13, III 11].

(2) Звезда Элама, Марс и Птица Анзу; mulNIM.MA mulṢal-bat-a-nu mul dIM.D[UGUDmušen] «Звезда Элама есть Марс, [Птица] А[нзу]» [BPO 2, III 11a], см. также i07dIM.DUGUDmušen.

(3) Звезда Элама = Марс в Скорпионе; mulNIM.MA dNIN.A.ZU EN KI-tim MU dLi9-si4 mulGIR2.TAB qa-bi dṢal-bat-a-nu ina ŠA3 DU-ma «Звезда Элама есть Ниназу, господин преисподней; так говорят, (имея в виду) Лиси, Скорпиона, (когда) Марс стоит в нем» [BPO 2, III 11c, V 1]; см. также [Lambert 1987, 94].

(4) Венера = звезда Элама; mulDil-bat MUL KUR.NIM.KI  [ARAK, 302 r. 2].

Example

References

  1. ↑ Gössmann P.F. Planetarium Babylonicum, Rom, 1950 (A. Deimel. Šumerisches Lexikon 4/2).
  2. ↑ Brown D. Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology. Groningen, STYX Publication, 2000.
  3. ↑ Reynolds F. Unpropitious Titles of Mars in Mesopotamian Scholarly Tradition // RAI. 1998. Vol. 41. P. 347-358.
  4. ↑ Špätbabylonische Texte aus Uruk. Teil III / Bearb. von Weiher E. von. Berlin, 1988.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Reiner E., Pingree D. Enuma Anu Enlil, Tablets 50-51. Undena Publications, Malibu, 1981 (Babylonian Planetary Omens: Part Two).
  6. ↑ Reiner E., Pingree D. Babylonian Planetary Omens. Part Three. Groningen, STYX Publications. 1998.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hunger H. Astrological Reports to Assyrian Kings. Helsinki, 1992 (State Archives of Assyria, VIII).
  8. ↑ Koch-Westenholz U. Mesopotamian  Astrology. Copenhagen, Museum Tusculanum Press. 1995.
  9. ↑ Lambert W.G. Babylonian Astrological Omens and Their Stars / JAOS. 1987. V. 107. Р. 93-96.
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